Worksheet Questions — Tim Dowley, Introduction to the History of Christianity
“Section 6 – Reason, Revival and Revolution [A.D.] 1650–1789” (pp. 435–506)
Instructions: Select the best answer from the list given for each statement or question. Some may have more than one true
answer; select the best answer based on the context and the material in the text.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
“In English-speaking churches the age of reason
became the age of renewal. The tide of ____ was
stemmed.”
a. relativism
b. enlightenment
c. philosophy
d. realism
e. rationalism
“It is a striking fact that the Reformation was launched
only ____ years after Columbus had sailed to the
American continent.”
a. two
b. ten
c. twenty-five
d. one hundred
e. one hundred and fifty
How many of the original 13 American colonies had
Protestant beginnings?
a. 5
b. 7
c. 10
d. 12
e. all 13
“Almost all the newcomers [to the Americas] were
____.”
a. Protestants
b. Arminians (like the Methodists)
c. Anglicans
d. Lutherans
e. Calvinists
“The earliest American Protestants were ____.”
a. Calvinist
b. Presbyterian
c. Reformed
d. Anglican
e. Arminian
“The ____ churches, together with the Presbyterians,
formed the largest group in the English colonies.”
a. Anglican
b. Calvinist
c. Arminian
d. Congregational
e. Baptist
Who first settled in Plymouth, MA?
a. Puritans
b. Separatists (independents)
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
“The Separatists and Puritans eventually joined forces.
In 1648 they expressed their agreement in the
Cambridge Platform—the charter of American
Congregationalism.”
a. true
b. false
“The development of commerce, and with it the
increase of wealth, bred ____ which blunted the keen
edge of Protestant witness.”
a. an indifference
b. enthusiasm
c. greed
d. banking
e. materialism
“Moral respectability, rather than spiritual rebirth, had
become the criterion” for membership.
a. true
b. false
“In it [Freedom of the Will} he [Jonathan Edwards]
advanced the idea that human beings are free to
choose.”
a. true
b. false
George Whitefield’s “Calvinistic form of Methodism
came into sharp conflict with the Wesleys’ ____ …”
a. Presbyterianism
b. Congregationalism
c. Methodism
d. Arminianism
e. Calvinism
“The Great Awakening in America was a distinctly
Protestant revival. Its principal channels were
churches in the ____ tradition.”
a. Arminian
b. Methodist
c. Baptist
d. Congregationalist
e. Calvinist
“But of more importance still was the fact that it was a
Moravian leader who steered ____ towards his
dynamic conversion …”
a. Philip Jacob Spener
b. James Hutton
c. David Brainerd
d. Charles Wesley
e. John Wesley
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15. “The son of a Gloucester innkeeper, he [George
Whitefield] had once hoped to become ____.”
a. rich
b. a banker
c. an actor
d. Prime Minister
e. a professor
16. Who is known as the “apostle of England”?
a. Howell Harris
b. George Whitefield
c. Charles Wesley
d. John Wesley
e. John Newton
17. “In 1779 she [Selina, Countess of Huntingdon] was
compelled by law to register her chapels as ‘____
meetinghouses’; they became known as ‘the Countess
of Huntingdon’s Connexion’.
a. disestablishment
b. informal
c. methodistic
d. connected
e. nonconformist
18. “Methodism, then, began not as a church or a sect, but
as ____.”
a. a movement
b. a society
c. a cult
d. a reformation
e. a club
19. “From the start, Wesley assumed that Methodists
would attend Anglican services and sacraments. He
himself had no desire to leave the Anglican church
…”
a. true
b. false
20. “… the only possibility was to go out into the
marketplace or on to the common, so that the crowds
might hear. The result was that the ____ were drawn
to Christianity as the industrial revolution
approached.”
a. sporting classes
b. working classes
c. non-attending classes
d. unreligious
e. nobility
21. Charles Wesley “produced over ____ sacred songs
and poems. It is remarkable that so many reached such
a high standard.”
a. 100
b. 300
c. 500
d. 700
e. 7,000
22. “Only after his [Wesley’s] death did the Methodist
church emerge.”
a. true
b. false
23. Methodists used itinerant, or traveling, ministers.
a. true
b. false
24. “The major figure in the founding of American
Methodism was ____.”
a. Francis Asbury
b. John Wesley
c. Charles Wesley
d. Robert Raikes
e. Hannah Ball
25. “With the Peace of Westphalia (1648) an era came to
an end. Wars of religion now belonged to the past.”
a. true
b. false
26. “In 1529, and again in 1683, Turkish armies
[Moslems] put ____ under siege.”
a. Rome
b. Spain
c. Jerusalem
d. Vienna
e. Prague
27. “Archbishop William Temple once remarked that the
most disastrous moment in European history was
perhaps the bitterly cold day in the winter of 1619–20
when the ____ climbed into the alcove of a stove and
resolved to search for a new kind of philosophy.”
a. Irish philosopher George Berkeley
b. English philosopher David Hume
c. English philosopher John Locke
d. Italian scientist Galileo Galilei
e. French philosopher Rene Descartes
28. The “new thinking began with a resolve to ____
everything that could be doubted.”
a. reject
b. doubt
c. accept
d. question
29. “The ____ becomes the ultimate reference-point in
thought. What [he] did on that day began a trend that
has not yet been reversed.”
a. government
b. scientific world
c. individual self
d. agnostic view
e. doubter
30. Which one of the following is not listed as one of the
“three great rationalists”?
a. Spinoza
b. Leibniz
c. Pascal
d. Descartes
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31. “In everyday language rationalism means that
everything is judged by ____.”
a. faith
b. revelation
c. reason
d. logic
e. mathematics
32. Descartes “readily saw that there was one thing that he
could not doubt. It was the fact that he was doubting.
And if he was doubting, he must actually exist in
order to doubt. In other words, ‘I think, therefore I
am.”
a. true
b. false
33. “The formula Cogito ergo sum was not exactly new. It
had been used by ____ in answering the skeptics of
his day.”
a. Plato
b. Socrates
c. Aristotle
d. Augustine
e. Aquinas
34. “At nineteen ____ invented the first workable
calculating machine …”
a. Descartes
b. Spinoza
c. Leibniz
d. Newton
e. Pascal
35. “In 1654 Pascal became a Christian as the result of a
mystical vision.”
a. true
b. false
36. “Pascal wrote that God can be known through Jesus
Christ by an act of faith, itself given by God.”
a. true
b. false
37. “The heart has its reasons, which the ____ does not
know.”
a. reason
b. mind
c. brain
d. soul
e. logic
38. “Rationalism dominated continental European
philosophy, but in Britain ____ was the most
significant philosophical movement.”
a. realism
b. idealism
c. existentialism
d. empiricism
e. pragmatism
39. “Though they had many differences, the ____ all
stressed the part played by experience in knowledge.”
a. rationalists
b. realists
c. idealists
d. existentialists
e. empiricists
40. Which one of the following is not listed as one of the
three great British empiricists?
a. Hume
b. Locke
c. Berkeley
d. Newton
41. Locke taught that knowledge is innate, inborn, like the
Platonists.
a. true
b. false
42. “Scepticism in Britain began with ____.”
a. George Berkeley
b. John Locke
c. David Hume
d. Isaac Newton
e. Charles I
43. “He never ceased emphasizing human dignity, and yet
his own personal relationships were mean and sordid.
His educational theories have left their lasting mark on
modern progressive education, yet he deposited his
five illegitimate children in an orphanage.” This is
said about the hypocrite ____.
a. Voltaire
b. Hume
c. Newton
d. Rousseau
e. Spinoza
44. Rousseau would agree with King Benjamin (Mosiah
3:19) that the natural man is an enemy to God.
a. true
b. false
45. Rousseau’s idea of God and government agrees with
D&C 134:1, 4, 6.
a. true
b. false
46. “____ was condemned by Pope Innocent XI in 1687.”
a. Jansenism
b. Rationalism
c. Freemasonry
d. Quietism
e. Quakerism
47. Which one of the following is not listed as “among the
better-known apologists who used natural theology in
their arguments”?
a. Aquinas
b. Anselm
c. Augustine
d. Origen
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48. Who “believed that his scientific discoveries were
communicated to him by the Holy Spirit, and regarded
the understanding of Scripture as more important than
his scientific work”?
a. Galilio
b. Hume
c. Pascal
d. Paley
e. Newton
49. “The English church had been … always under state
control. This bothered Fox. It seemed as if the church
had given up spirituality in exchange for ____.”
a. protection
b. materialism
c. government control
d. secularism
e. tax benefits
50. James Naylor was at first rather over-enthusiastic and
fanatical and later checked “the ‘Spirit’s leadings’ …
a. true
b. false
51. The Quakers believe in the sacraments as part of their
worship.
a. true
b. false
52. “Unitarianism rejects the idea of ____.”
a. hell
b. life after death
c. dualism [spirit and body]
d. the Trinity
e. prayer
53. Unitarianism “questions belief in the divinity of Christ
and of the Holy Spirit in favour of the oneness of God.
This idea was found in the early church particularly in
the Monarchianist heresy.”
a. true
b. false
54. Which one of the following is not included as an early
Unitarian?
a. Michael Servetus
b. Bernard Ochino
c. Blaise Pascal
d. Martin Cellarius
55. John Biddle (1615–62) is regarded as the founder of
____ Unitarianism …”
a. French
b. Hungarian
c. Transylvanian
d. English
e. Polish
56. “… very many English Presbyterian and General
Baptist churches began to be affected. They adopted
first ____, then Sabellian, Socinian or full-blown
Unitarian ideas.”
a. Calvinist
b. Athanasian
c. Arian
d. Augustinian
e. Gnostic
57. Dr Joseph Priestly was an early Universalist-Baptist.
a. true
b. false
58. One of the first Unitarian leaders in North America, to
take the title Unitarian, was ____.
a. Joseph Priestly
b. James Martineau
c. Thomas Belsham
d. Thomas Emlyn
e. James Freeman
59. “W[illiam] E[llory] Channing, from 1803 minister of
Federal Street Congregational Church, Boston, also
promoted ____.”
a. Universalism
b. Calvinism
c. Arminianism
d. Unitarianism
e. Gnosticism
60. “In 1816 the famous divinity school of Harvard
University was founded. It became the centre of
Unitarian thought.”
a. true
b. false
61. Which one of the following was not a Unitarian, based
on information in this chapter from the text?
a. Ralph Waldo Emerson
b. Joseph Tuckerman
c. Henry David Thoreau
d. Theodore Parker
e. Thomas Emlyn
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