Unit 8 – Terms and Concepts
Chapters 17-18
Irish/BHS
Fall, 2012
Chapter 17-The West 1850-1900
Chapter 18-The Industrial Society, 1860-1900
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The Great Plains vs. The Prairie Plains
“The Great American Desert”
The American bison
Native American Tribes of the Great Plains
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Life and Social Structure
“Indian Country”
Indian Intercourse Act of 1834
Sand Creek Massacre / Chivington massacre
great Sioux War of 1865-1867
Fetterman massacre
Policy of “small reservations”
Red River War of 1874-1875
Black Hills Gold Rush of 1875
Battle of the Little Bighorn / Custer’s Last Stand
Nez Percé tribe and Chief Joseph
Ghost Dances of the Teton Sioux
Wounded Knee massacre
“assimilationists”
Carlisle Indian School, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
“Kill the Indian and save the man”
Dawes Severalty Act, 1887
romantic portrayals of the West
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dime novels
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Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show
Myth of the “Safety-Valve Theory” (pg. 500)
Homestead Act of 1862 (pg. 502)
Timber Culture Act of 1873
National Reclamation Act (the Newlands Act), 1902
“Instant Cities” / Rapid growth / Bonanza West
California Gold Rush of 1849 and the Mining Bonanza
Comstock Lode in Nevada
Black Hills Gold Rush, 1874-1876
Characteristics and Effects of the Mining Bonanza
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Cattle Ranching and the “Open Range”
Influences and contributions of the vaqueros (pg. 508)
Long Drives to Kansas and northern markets AND Reasons for
the end of the cattle drives and the open range
Farm settlements on the Great Plains and associated problems
Exodusters (pg. 511)
Joseph F. Glidden’s barbed wire
Dry Farming
Hatch Act of 1887
Bonanza Farming
Oliver H. Kelley and the National Grange of the Patrons of
Husbandry (aka the Grange)
Farmers’ Alliance
Agrarian Discontent
Oklahoma and the settlement of the “last” territory
The 1890 Census and Frederick Jackson Turner’s thesis “The
Significance of the Frontier in American History” influences and
criticisms(pg. 515)
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Reasons for American industrial growth
Captains of Industry OR Robber Barons?
Characteristics of American industrial growth
Transportation and Communications Revolution
Impact, advantages, and changes brought on by the railroad
Government subsidies and land grants to railroad companies
Crédit Mobilier Scandal
Trunk Lines (consolidation and standardization)
Cornelius Vanderbilt
George Pullman
Transcontinental railroad (1869)
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Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroad Companies
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Promontory Point, Utah
Negative consequences of rapid railroad construction
J.P. Morgan (interlocking directorates - *see class notes)
Steel production
Bessemer process
Minnesota’s Mesabi Range
Andrew Carnegie and Carnegie Steel Company
Vertical integration
“Gospel of Wealth” (*see class notes)
United States Steel Corporation (aka U.S. Steel)
“black gold” and the beginning of the oil industry
John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil Company
Horizontal integration (*see class notes)
Monopolies, trusts, and holding companies (pg. 530)
Rockefeller’s “American Beauty Rose” (*see class notes)
Alexander Graham Bell’s Telephone
Thomas Alva Edison and the impact of the incandescent lamp
Nationwide advertising
Department stores, “chain stores”, and mail-order catalogs
Standardization of American culture (reality of myth?) (pg. 537)
Wage Earners
 Improvements in standard of living
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Continued hardships
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Women and Children
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African-Americans
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Chinese and Japanese
Feminization of certain professions (clerical, nursing, teaching)
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 (pg. 539)
Changing culture of work
Horatio Alger (rags-to-riches stories) – reality or myth?
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Opportunities for economic and social mobility
Labor unions
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National Labor Union
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Workers’ cooperatives vs. bread-and-butter goals
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Knights of Labor (Uriah Stephens and Terence
Powderly)
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American Federation of Labor – AFL (Samuel
Gompers)
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Employers’ methods to control and break unions
Labor Strikes
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The great railroad strike of 1877
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Haymarket Square Riot, 1886
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Homestead Strike , 1892
Unit 8 – Terms and Concepts
Chapters 17-18
Irish/BHS
Fall, 2012