WRITING & APA TIPS FOR FUTURE LBSWs: “Direct Quotes” vs. Paraphrasing!!! “When should I use quotes?” direct “How do I format direct quotes?” do I paraphrase “How information?” #1: What is the difference between “DIRECT QUOTES” & Paraphrasing??? Direct quotes Paraphrasing These are the EXACT words from a This is taking information from a source that you use in your paper, source and putting the information in YOUR reproducing t
he i
nformation W
ORD f
or OWN WORDS. Do this by altering the WORD (
verbatim). words or rearranging the sentences. What do direct quotes & paraphrasing have in common? Both must include a citation (in APA format)…Both must be double spaced…but… the citations will look DIFFERENT! For example, in the Haynes and White (1999) article, they wrote: Direct Quote Paraphrasing “The COS was based on the principle of The Charity Organization Society personal responsibility” (Haynes & White, (COS) focused on helping to , ,p . 5). 1999, empower clients to become personally responsible for their own well-­‐being (Haynes & White, 1999). Do N OT use direct quotes, unless absolutely necessary to the integrity of the message (for example, the quote “There is nothing to fear, but fear itself” would lose its meaning if not quoted directly). **** #2: When Using “Direct Quotes” of LESS THAN 40 WORDS… CITING ENTIRE SENTENCE: ALWAYS include a specific page # (or page #s) after the year in the citation AND quotation marks at the beginning and end of quote. For example: It would be simplistic to think that murals can be easily classified into categories: "There are too
many of them, depicting numerous ideas and themes, painted in literally hundreds of different places, to
allow us to form an unsophisticated conclusion about the reasons for their existence" (Holscber, 1976, p.
25).
CITING a PART of SENTENCE: ONLY include quotation marks around the section of sentence you are quoting…and… cite the page number IMMEDIATELY AFTER the last word in the direct quote. For example: Holscber (1976) found there are literally too many countless walls of murals and graffiti art in
cities around the world “to allow us to form an unsophisticated conclusion about the reasons for their
existence" (p. 25), without exploring cultural and political contexts.
**** #3: When Using “Direct Quotes” from the INTERNET… There are often no page #s on internet articles to distinguish one page from another. In that case, indicate the paragraph # instead of the page # where you found the information. For example, Holscber (1976) found there are literally too many countless walls of murals and graffiti art in cities
around the world “to allow us to form an unsophisticated conclusion about the reasons for their
existence" (para. 6), without exploring cultural and political contexts.
#4: When Using “Direct Quotes” of 40 WORDS or MORE… Remember to format into a freestanding text block WITHOUT quotation marks! The left margin of the block quote should be in same location that you would indent a new paragraph. Leave a blank line before and after the block quote, to separate it from the rest of your text. At the end of the block quote, cite the source AFTER the period. For example, Evans and Boyte (1986) argue that the community should articulate common concerns,
hopes, and shared values. According to the authors:
The central argument is that particular sorts of public places in the community,
what we call free spaces, are the environments in which people are able to learn a
new self-respect, a deeper and more assertive group identity, public skills, and
values of cooperation and civic virtue. Put simply, free spaces are settings
between private lives and large-scale institutions where ordinary citizens can act
with dignity, independence, and vision. (Evans & Boyte, 1986, p. 17)
*****