Science 10
Chemistry Unit Topics
-> a chemical symbol represents an element
-> a chemical formula represents a compound
-> location of the metals, nonmetals and metalloids on the periodic table
-> atomic number = # protons
-> atoms: # protons = # electrons
-> ions -> # protons ≠ # electrons
-> metals lose electrons to become positively charged ions (cations)
-> nonmetals gain electrons to become negatively charged ions (anions)
-> name monatomic cations: Na+ sodium ion
monatomic anions: Cl- chloride ion
-> ionic bonds exist between cations and anions due to the transfer of electrons
-> name/write the formulas for:
1. binary ionic compounds
ie/ lithium bromide -> LiBr
2. ionic compounds with polyatomic ions
ie/ magnesium hydroxide -> Mg(OH)2
3. ionic compounds with multivalent metals
ie/ iron (II) iodide -> FeI2
4. ionic compounds with polyatomic ions and multivalent metals
ie/ chromium (III) phosphate -> CrPO4
-> covalent bonds exist due to the sharing of electrons between:
1. two nonmetals
2. a nonmetal and metalloid
-> name/write the formulas for:
1. diatomic molecules, sulfur and phosphorous
ie/ fluorine -> F2
sulfur -> S8
phosphorous -> P4
2. binary covalent/molecular compounds
ie/ carbon monoxide -> CO
dicarbon tetrahydride -> C2H4
-> identify the reactants and products of a chemical reaction
-> given a reaction, identify its type:
1. formation/synthesis
ie/ _________ + _________
one product
2. decomposition
ie/
one reactant
________ + _________
3. single replacement/displacement
ie/ metal + compound
metal + compound
nonmetal + compound
nonmetal + compound
4. double replacement/displacement
ie/ compound + compound
5. combustion
ie/ hydrocarbon + O2
-> balance chemical equations
compound + compound
CO2 + H2O