Figure 8.1 The light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis in chloroplasts of land plants
Figure 8.2 The Calvin–Benson cycle proceeds in three stages
Figure 8.3 The Calvin–Benson cycle
Calvin cycle can be
divided into three
phases:
― Carboxylation of
the ribulose-1,5bisphosphate, followed
by hydrolysis to
generate two molecules
3 phosphoglycerate
3-phosphoglycerate
(3-PGA)
― Reduction of 3phosphoglycerate
h
h l
t tto
glyceraldehyde-3phosphate (G-3-P)
― Regeneration of
the initial acceptor
molecule ribulose-1,5bisphosphate thereby
bisphosphate,
creating a continuous
cycle
The Glycolate pathway returns reduced carbon from
phosphoglycolate to the Calvin cycle
• Glycolate pathway: Break down phosphoglycolate and recover 75% of the reduced carbon
present in phosphoglycolate to the Calvin cycle, with the remaining 25% released as CO2.
• Glycolate pathway is characterized by light-dependent CO2 release and is also called photorespiration
Figure 8.3 The Calvin–Benson cycle; The carboxylation and reduction phases (Part 1)
Figure 8.3 The Calvin–Benson cycle; The regeneration phase (Part 2)
Figure 8.4 Carboxylation and oxygenation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate catalyzed by rubisco
Figure 8.5 CO2 functions both as activator and as substrate in the reaction catalyzed by rubisco
Figure 8.6 The ferredoxin–thioredoxin system
Figure 8.7 Regulation of chloroplast phosphoribulokinase and glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase
Figure 8.8 Operation of the C2 oxidative photosynthetic cycle
Figure 8.11 The C4 photosynthetic carbon cycle involves five successive stages
Figure 8.12 The C4 photosynthetic pathway in leaves
Figure 8.12 C4 photosynthetic pathway; (A) Kranz anatomy, compartmentalization in cell
Figure 8.12 C4 photosynthetic pathway; (B) Kranz anatomy in a C4 dicot
Figure 8.13 Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)
Figure 8.14 Carbon mobilization in land plants
Figure 8.18 Interconversion of hexose phosphates