Selective Breeding
Photography
Selective breeding is when two selected animals mate to produce
progeny for a trait or traits. This progress is done in many generations,
and every time it is done, it gets improved. Robert Bakewell and
Thomas Coke introduced this progress in mid eighteenth century during
Industrial Revolution. This was produced so that people who lived
during Industrial Revolution would have much better profitable
livestock. Before selective breeding was introduced, the English
population had grown rapidly and suddenly so England did not have
enough food for everyone. After this was introduced, there was enough
food for people who could afford it. Because the progenies produced the
product a lot more than it used to at once, the product was cheaper to be
bought and lower class people could afford to buy more meat.
Selective breeding was a system that made living life easier for
people. Selective breeding made peoples life easier because people who
were at the poverty level could not afford the money to buy meat. This
was a great idea because to be healthy, humans need meat and if this
progress was not introduced, the death rate had not gone down.
Nevertheless, this progress was introduced and more people could reach
to meat and the death rate went down. However, there selective breeding
did not only have the positive
affect but it had negative affects
too. More people were healthy and
people didn't die as much, and the
population grew, which meant that
the farmers had to produce more
meat. Even though selective
breeding did give negative affects,
but it was mostly positive and
because this was such a good idea,
even today, people use this
progress. Not only to produce
more food, but to produce animals
with great genetics.
The most sold camera during Industrial Revolution was the box
camera with low-cost, with capable size and it was easy to use Kodak
camera. Kodak is a company that produced the first camera, which used
paper base unlike other cameras, which used glass for the camera, and
Kodak still produces cameras now. George Eastman found Kodak in
1880. The first camera by Kodak was introduced in 1888. By the early
1900’s Kodak was the largest camera company in the world. The box
camera, which Kodak invented was light and carry-able and took
pictures in black and white. Because the camera used paper instead of
glass, not only it was cheaper than other cameras. However, the Kodak
box camera was lighter than other cameras.
The box cameras gave a great change to people to keep their
memories with what they can see. The box camera was great, because it
gave people chances to keep their memories. The Kodak camera was
carry-able so where ever people went they could take the camera and
take pictures. Kodak camera was cheaper than other companies so more
families could get one if they wanted. Because of camera inventions,
Industrial Revolution and histories after that are able to been seen in
pictures. If the camera weren’t invented, people would have drawn the
pictures, which takes a while to do. However, the camera made the life
of people easy because people only need to press a button and the
picture would be taken. George
Eastman was an intelligent guy
because
other
camera
companies made the camera
with glass inside but George
Eastman found out that paper
base would work on camera. If
he did not find that out, not
much people would not have
been able to keep their
memories and just had to keep
their memories in their mind.
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10
References
Bakewell, Robert. (n.d.). In World book student. Retrieved from World Book database.
Cody, D. (n.d.). Child labor. In The Victorian web. Retrieved from http://www.victorianweb.org/
history/hist8.html
Coal mines in the Industrial Revolution. (n.d.). History learning site. Retrieved from http://www.
historylearningsite.co.uk/coal_mines_industrial_revolution.htm
Coke, Thomas William. (n.d.). In World book student. Retrieved from World Book database.
Eastman Kodak company. (n.d.). In World book student . Retrieved from World Book database.
Gustafson, M. S. (n.d.). Woman suffrage. In World book online. Retrieved from World Book database.
Jenkins, R. V. (n.d.). Eastman, George. In World book student. Retrieved from World Book database.
Jenkins, R. V. (n.d.). Edison, Thomas Alva. In World book. Retrieved from World Book Student database.
Kelly, M. (n.d.). Top 10 significant Industrial Revolution inventors. In About.com: American history.
Retrieved from http://americanhistory.about.com/od/industrialrev/tp/inventors.htm
Lipking, L. (n.d.). Romanticism. In World book. Retrieved from World Book Student database.
Mugford, S. (2000). Inventions and inventors; Land and water transportation. New York, NY: Grolier
Educational.
Overton, M. (2010, October 15). Agricultural revolution in England 1500 - 1850. In BBC. Retrieved from
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/agricultural_revolution_01.shtml
Pakhare, J. (n.d.). History of child labor. In Buzzle.com. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/
history-of-child-labor.html
The second Industrial Revolution. (n.d.). The open door web site. Retrieved from http://www.saburchill.com/
history/chapters/IR/050.html
Selective breeding. (n.d.). In Dictionary.com. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/
selective+breeding?&qsrc=
Serrano, S. R. (n.d.). Smith, Adam. In World book student. Retrieved from World Book database.
Bakewell, Robert. (n.d.). In World book student. Retrieved from World Book database.
Coal mines in the Industrial Revolution. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/
coal_mines_industrial_revolution.htm
Cody, D. (n.d.). Child labor. In The Victorian web. Retrieved from http://www.victorianweb.org/history/
hist8.html
Coke, Thomas William. (n.d.). In World book student. Retrieved from World Book database.
Eastman Kodak company. (n.d.). In World book student . Retrieved from World Book database.
Gustafson, M. S. (n.d.). Woman suffrage. In World book online. Retrieved from World Book database.
Graber, D. (1995) The Industrial Revolution: Technological and Social Change in Europe and the United
States. Greensboro, NC: Mark Twain , Inc.
[Industrial Revolution] [Drawing]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.scienceclarified.com/scitech/Global
Warming/The-Human-Contribution.html
Jenkins, R. V. (n.d.). Eastman, George. In World book student. Retrieved from World Book database.
Jenkins, R. V. (n.d.). Edison, Thomas Alva. In World book. Retrieved from World Book Student database.
Kelly, M. (n.d.). Top 10 significant Industrial Revolution inventors. In About.com: American history.
Retrieved from http://americanhistory.about.com/od/industrialrev/tp/inventors.htm
Lipking, L. (n.d.). Romanticism. In World book. Retrieved from World Book Student database.
[Machine] [Drawing]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://e.foi.hr/engwiki/index.php/Talk:22-E-tivity_1.f
McNeese, Tim (2000) The Industrial Revolution St. Louis, Missouri: Milliken publishing Company
Mugford, S. (2000). Inventions and inventors; Land and water transportation. New York, NY: Grolier
Educational.
Overton, M. (2010, October 15). Agricultural revolution in England 1500 - 1850. In BBC. Retrieved from
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/agricultural_revolution_01.shtml
Pakhare, J. (n.d.). History of child labor. In Buzzle.com. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/
history-of-child-labor.html
The second Industrial Revolution. (n.d.). The open door web site. Retrieved from http://www.saburchill.com/
history/chapters/IR/050.html
Serrano, S. R. (n.d.). Smith, Adam. In World book student. Retrieved from World Book database.
11
Ten Significant Innovations and
Changes in the Industrial
Revolution
The Industrial Revolution is a period, which was around 1750 to
1914. During the Industrial Revolution, there were a lot of innovations
and changes, which affected the whole world both positively and
negatively. The innovations and changes during the Industrial
Revolution made life easier for people. The innovations and changes
during the Industrial Revolution were political, production,
transportation, social issues or ideas, and infrastructure.
Haruki Shirakawa
Coal Mining
Coal was one of the most used fuels during Industrial
Revolution. It was used for steam engines, factories, and to heat homes.
Because of the increase of railways and factories, people were in need of
more coal. As people needed more coals, the coalmines got deeper and
deeper. Deeper the mines got, more dangerous the coalmines got. People
knew that coalmines were dangerous. When people were digging, the
flooding of aquifers occurred and explosive of underground gas. To
make the coalmines safer and to make numbers of death increase in
coalmines, steam engines were used to pump out the water of the mines
so people could dig deeper with out flooding of aquifers. However, these
things were not the only things that caused death in coalmines. Because
people had been breathing coal dust for years and years, people got
black lungs. Cause of black lungs could not be defeated because people
needed coal and there was no other ways to produce coal.
Coal mining was important for people because with coal, lot of
things were done, like heating homes. However, without coal not much
could have been done. Coal was important, that's why people had to
keep on producing them. However, people working in the coal mine had
to face the danger every day. Some might say it was worth it because
without coal, steam engines and other inventions would not had been
invented, which means that locomotives might have not existed. Some
might argue to that and say it was not worth it because after a while,
electricity was invented and with electricity, people can do everything
without causing much death.
Coalmines
caused
death.
However, it was worth it.
Because the coal was produced,
inventors used the idea of using
coal to their inventions. After a
while there was electricity
invented, however, people might
have not had the idea of using
electricity to machines if the
coal wasn't used before.
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Second Industrial Revolution
By middle of 19th century, Industrial Revolution changed to
Second Industrial Revolution. The last 10 years of 19th century is known
as Second Industrial Revolution. The First Industrial Revolution was
about inventing inventions and Second Industrial Revolution was more
about improving the inventions, which happened in First Industrial
Revolution and inventing inventions using a new energy, electricity. In
Second Industrial Revolution, the steam engines were developed. Coal
was not the only fuel people were using anymore, people started using
electricity, gas, oil and many more. When Second Industrial Revolution
happened, iron-production and steel-production made a big increase the
numbers of bridges, rails, ocean-going vessels and a lot more, which
made traveling easier for people who lived during Second Industrial
Revolution.
Second Industrial Revolution made the way people lived easier.
During first industrial revolution, people might have struggled a little,
with traveling, social communication and house working for women.
However, during second industrial revolution, people were inventing
things to improve the traveling, social communication and housework to
make it easier. The invention of bicycle and electric cars made the
traveling easier and telephone made it easy for people to get social
communication. The invention of sewing machines made it easy for
women to sew clothes and because it was faster, women had more free
time to spend it on themselves
than before. People’s life got
easier and easier as Second
Industrial Revolution kept on
improving. The change to
Second Industrial Revolution
gave a big change to the
society because people had
more time to spare for
themselves than during First
Industrial Revolution.
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Electric Lights
Locomotive
Electricity was one of the main sources of energy in Second
Industrial Revolution as it is now removing the gas and kerosene to
primary sources. In 1800, chemical batteries were invented by
Alessandro Volta and in 1866; Michael Faraday invented
electromagnetic generators. One of the greatest inventors of all times,
Thomas Alva Edison used the ideas of old inventions from Alessandro
Volta and Michael Faraday, and invented the first successful electric
light in 1879. Thomas Alva Edison invented the incandescent lamps for
homes. These incandescent lamps were easy to use than the old fire
powered lamps. However, most of the homes had no electricity running
at their homes. Thomas Alva Edison produced electricity in ventral
power and deal out wires to homes and businesses so more people could
use his new invention incandescent lamps.
Electric lights were easier to control. Before electric lights were
invented, the lights were powered by fire. However, fire did not produce
same amount of light constantly. With electric light, it produced the
same amount of light constantly. After electric lights were invented, the
streetlights were placed with
electric lights., because it was
easy to see in the dark on the
streets. Before the streetlight
was in electricity, the candles
could not stay on all night, so
people couldn't really see
people doing the crime.
However, with electricity, it
was on all night and if someone
was doing a crime, it was easy
to spot him or her. If Thomas
Alva Edison did not exist and
did not invent electric light, the
world would be a completely
different.
Steam Engine was first used to pump up water and was mostly
used in factories. In 1786, William Burdock built a small model steam
locomotive. Richard Trevithick, who became one of the significant
designers of steam locomotive used the model and built a locomotive in
1801. However, the first locomotive was too heavy and often got broken
or burnt because of the boiler so they stopped producing it. The next
year, Richard did not give up and built a high pressure locomotive with
funnel smokestack, which made the direction of steam away from
engineer and avoided the accident of burning. Richard built a better
locomotive and better ones after the other. When the first steampowered coal train was made, the train could pull ten tons of iron and
seventy men. The train ran 8 kilometer per hour. In 1825, George
Stephenson built steam locomotive to carry passengers with speed of 27
kilometer per hour.
Locomotive changed the way people traveled. It was not easy to
travel around before locomotives were invented, so when locomotives
were invented people found it easier to travel around. Locomotives was
easier and faster and cheaper to carry around coal or the trading, it was
easier to get access to the coal because the coal became cheaper, which
made the economy better. People were excited about the invention of
coal because as I have mentioned it was hard to travel during Industrial
Revolution. So people were willing to pay for their rides, which also
made the economy better. As the
locomotive
improved
the
numbers of railways increased.
That way people could travel
further and as the number of
railways increased, easier it was
to travel. Locomotives had
positive effects to individuals and
to the country and it kept on
improving till now, which will be
more improved in the future.
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2
Child Labor in Factories
Women in Industrial Revolution
Child labor is the use of children in the industry or in business.
During 1780 and 1840, number of child labor increased massively.
Children were mostly found in a factory or mills. Some children even
started working at the age of six in the factories. Children usually
worked for 12 to 14 hours and the max of 19 hours. Not only those
children worked for long hours but they were also in a bad condition.
The factory owners insisted that they gave what children needed.
However, they only got paid a little amount or none. Most of the
children were orphans, and they were treated almost like slaves and they
were only there to work with machines. Some children worked at the
factory because their parents were forced to send their children to the
factory so they could earn some money. Child labor took a big part in
English economy, because children were cheaper so they could produce
the product much cheaper than using adults.
Children were only used for the factory owners own good. Child
labor was good for the factories owners because they did not have to pay
as much as they would have to pay the adults. Because those children
were too busy working in the factory, they did not have time to get
education. Children who were living at the condition of purvey did not
get much education because they were too busy working. Factory
owners did not care about the fact that children were not getting
education, because all they needed was cheap workers working for them.
If children who were working at
factories got education it would
mean that there were less time to
work at the factory and they did
not want that happening. If the
children got education that would
mean that they would get much
higher paid job in their future.
However, nobody seemed to
notice that fact at the beginning
of child labor.
At the beginning of Industrial Revolution, most women worked
with their husband, and also did house work. However, women started
working at the factories and as they worked they gained more freedom.
In 1848, the word of Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton planted
the idea of women’s right. There were group of people who fought for
women’s right. There was a group called the American Women Suffrage
Association, led by Lucy Stone and her husband, Henry Backwell. Their
goal was to give the rights for women to be able to vote. Other groups
were divided into working classes. The group who were working class
women, they marched and did some active protests and they were often
arrested. The argument was that the men could present their wives better
than themselves. People thought that women becoming independent
would lead into end of the family. In December 1869, in Wycoming
Territory, the women won the right. This spread to other places.
Before women had the right, even though they earned money,
men did not care because women did not have the right and men were in
charge of the family. Women
winning the rights were a big
change to their lives. This was a
good change because people
could figure out the importance
of women. By giving rights for
women, women had the rights
to choose what they wanted to
do, or vote for what they
thought it was right. The
independency
of
women
changed the way people lived.
Women had the right to choose
what they wanted to do, and
gave more freedom and were
allowed to represent their selves
as they wanted.
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6
Romanticism
Laissez-Faire
Romanticism is a style of art and literature. People believe that
age of Romanticism was between 1820 and 1830. The art and literature
are done by imagination, inspiration and mysticism not logic or
reasoning like before the age of Romanticism. Romantics are the people
who are artists, painters, writers who use their feelings and emotions
more than their brain to create their art or literature. In their pieces,
romantics used emotions, bloodshed, mysticism and sensuality; this was
different to the pieces before the period of Romanticism came. One
romantics said that ‘world is not a machine’, he wanted to say that
people have feelings unlike machines and Romanticism gave a chance
for people to express their feelings through art and literature.
Romanticism gave a big change to art and literature. Before the
period of Romanticism, art and literature were more logical. However,
during and after the period of Romanticism, art and literature were
written or drawn with imagination. This gave a chance for the artist and
people to imagine from the work. The romantics had a chance to get into
their own world, not the world they were living in, but in their own
world. That was same to the viewers too. Viewers might have different
world in their mind, however, they were in a world of their own, which
they are not living in. Every viewer had different imagination in his or
her head. It was a great chance for people to be creative and show that
they are not machines, because machines would just do what they are
meant to do or told to do.
However, people had
emotions and creatively,
which showed that they
were not machines. By
showing
their
imaginations, their world
was bigger because if
you only stay in the
world that people were
living, their world is only
a small.
Laissez-Faire is French; meaning of ‘let it happen’. Adam Smith
wrote a book called An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the
Wealth of Nation in 1776. Adam Smith believed that mercantilism
would be the way to grow the economics. He believed that people
should work individually and the government should not step in. The
upper-middle classes started to use this idea really quickly and gained
lots of money because were allowed to use their own ideas and did not
have to listen to the government and they could pay their workers as less
as they wanted. The idea brought the English economy up. However,
England did not get the latest technology. Child labor happened in the
factories because government did not step in so children spent their days
working instead of getting education. With the technology, other
countries had socialism unlike England and they passed information
about new technologies through their government. However, because
government only took care of military and protect property, England did
not get much information about new technology around the worlds so
they fell back on technology.
Laissez-Faire was a big change during Industrial Revolution.
Laisssez-Faire did give a positive effect to the economy. However, more
negative effects occurred more than positive effects, for example, child
labor and technology. Most people were not against child labor, and
government did not take place when Laisssez-Faire was happening, so
nobody took care of how much
education the children got. The
children working in factories at
that time, most likely that they
did not get education and just
worked all day. England was late
with technology, people had a
harder time than America
because America had the latest
technology and England didn't.
People did not notice the
importance of the governments.
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4