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World History Study Guide
The Industrial Revolution through World War I
1. What was the Industrial Revolution?
An increase in machine-made goods beginning in England during the 1700s.
2. What industry led to the beginning of the factory system?
Textiles
3. Why was Great Britain the ideal location for the Industrial Revolution?
A large population (labor pool); an abundance of capital ($); many natural resources (coal); an
extensive river network that allowed for transportation over water
4. How did the steam engine change the production of British goods?
Helped improve the mining industry; launched the railway age; allowed small ferries to monopolize
the English canals
5. Describe the policy of laissez-faire.
A policy that allows owners of an industry to set working conditions without government interference.
6. What role does the government play in a free-market/capitalist system?
They do not interfere in any economic matters.
7. Who was the “father of communism (socialism)” and in what way did he believe communism would
rise?
Karl Marx; The working classes (proletariat) would unite and overthrow the ruling classes
8. What major event led to the Age of Imperialism?
The Industrial Revolution (countries needed natural resources)
9. What was the outcome of the Berlin Conference?
Africa was divided into colonies by the European powers without consulting African leaders.
10. Who controlled Africa during the late nineteenth century?
Many European countries (Especially Britain and France)
11. What were the motives of imperialism (Hint: EmPIRE)?
Economic, Political, Ideological, Religious, Exploratory
12. What was the main goal of imperialism?
To give imperialists control over their conquered territory ($ and power)
13. Explain Social Darwinism?
According to the theory, Europeans were superior to non-Europeans
14. What is imperialism?
A policy when one country seeks to extend its authority by conquering other countries or by
establishing economic and political dominance over other countries. (Strong countries dominating
weak countries)
15. What is militarism?
Building up the military. (Weapons, soldiers, etc)
16. What were the causes of WWI (Hint: NIMA)?
Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, Alliance System
17. Who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist and member of the Black Hand
18. Why did WWI break out between more nations than Austria-Hungary and Serbia?
Entangling Alliances (Alliance System) – Allies help allies
19. Why did Russia declare war on Austria-Hungary?
Russia was an ally and protector of Serbia
20. What nations made up the Central Powers?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), and Bulgaria (TAG)
21. What nations made up the Allied Powers (Triple Entente)? And why did they form the Triple Entente?
Russia, Great Britain, France…in response to Germany’s militarism
22. Describe the Western Front.
Trench warfare that basically kept both sides in the same spot for the duration of the war (4 years)
23. Describe the Schlieffen Plan.
Called for a war on two fronts and that Germany would attack France through Belgium if Russia
attacked Germany
24. What was the purpose of trench warfare?
To trap enemies in the mud pits and in no man’s land; To protect soldiers from enemy gunfire on the
front lines.
25. What policy did the U.S. have during the first three years of WWI?
Neutrality
26. What was the purpose of Germany’s policy of unrestricted submarine warfare?
To stop British control of the seas
27. What was the Zimmerman note?
Germany’s plan to help Mexico regain territory from the U.S.
28. Why did the U.S. enter WWI?
American citizens were outraged by Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare. (Lusitania was sunk)
29. How was WWI ended on 11/11/1918?
An armistice was signed (cease fire) with Germany
30. What nations were a part of the “Big Four?”
Italy, U.S., Great Britain, and France
31. What major Allied (Triple Entente) power was not a part of the “Big Four?”
Russia
32. What were the key terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

It ended WWI

Imposed harsh punishments on Germany

Blamed Germany for WWI (war-guilt clause)
33. How was Germany affected by the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany was humiliated and crippled; they were resentful of the rest of Europe
34. What was the major flaw of the Treaty of Versailles?
It overlooked the importance of treating all nations justly, including the losers of the war
35. What were some of the effects of WWI?

Germany was angry and humiliated

The U.S. became the world’s greatest industrial power

Anti-immigrant feelings in America intensified

9 new nations were created