Technical Standard No. G 20:10:001:05 MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR TECH NICAL S TANDARD FOR MATERIALS NO. G 20:10:001:05 CABLE COLOUR CODED POLYETHYLENE LAMINATED ALUMINIUM POLYETHYLENE SHEATHED (CCP-LAP) CABLES CCP-LAP (10-200 PAIRS) CABLES CCP-LAP-A (10- 200 PAIRS) 1 of 13 Technical Standard No. G 20:10:001:05 INDEX 1. GENERAL .................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................................................................... 3 3. DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 4. TEMPERATURE AND ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................. 4 5. CONDUCTOR ............................................................................................................................................................... 4 6. CONDUCTOR INSULATION ............................................................................................................................................ 4 7. QUADDING .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 8. STRANDING................................................................................................................................................................. 5 9. CORE WRAPPING ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 10. IDENTIFICATION .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 11. MOISTURE BARRIER SHEATH ....................................................................................................................................... 8 12. ARMOURING ............................................................................................................................................................... 9 13. LENGTH MARKING .................................................................................................................................................... 10 14. CABLE SIZES ............................................................................................................................................................. 10 15. ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 11 16. MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................................... 12 17. CABLE ENDS TREATMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 13 18. COMPLIANCE ............................................................................................................................................................ 13 19. DELIVERY LENGTHS .................................................................................................................................................. 13 20. INSPECTION ............................................................................................................................................................... 13 21. DRUMMING AND MARKING ....................................................................................................................................... 13 2 of 13 Technical Standard No. G 20:10:001:05 1. GENERAL 1.1. This specification covers the construction, properties, testing and packing of Solid Polyethylene insulated conductor, fully colour coded, star-quadded and moisture barrier sheathed, telephone cable with maximum mean mutual capacitance of 55 nF/Km for cable up to 50 pairs and 50 nF/Km for cable above 50 pairs. The cable designation abbreviation shall be CCP-LAP. 1.2. If so ordered the cable shall be armoured with galvanised steel wire or tape as specified and covered with another polyethylene sheath. The cable designation abbreviation for armoured cable shall be CCP-LAP-A. 2. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS 2.1. International Standards of the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and the International Electro technical Commission (IEC) have been used when available. Where international standards are not available, standards in accordance with ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), and BS (British Standards Institute) have been specified. The latest issues shall apply and deemed to be integral parts of this specification. A Tenderer applying any other standard shall include the standard for approval in his proposal. 2.2. The following standards have been referred to in this specification: MOC G 10:10:01 Common Technical Requirements (Outdoor Cables) MOC G 30:10:01 Tests and Inspections Manufacture (Outdoor Cables) MOC G 40:10:01 Tests and Inspections (Local Outdoor Cables) IEC Publication 28 International Standard of Resistance for Copper IEC 189-1 Low Frequency Cables and wires with PVC Insulation and PVC Sheath Part I, General Test and Measuring Methods Munsell Notation Standard for Colours for Insulation for Low Frequency Cables and Wires IEC Publication 344 Guide to the Calculation of Resistance of plain and coated copper conductors of LowFrequency Cables and Wires IEC Publication 538 Electric Cables, Wires and Cords. Methods of Test for Polyethylene Insulation and Sheath IEC Publication 538-A First Supplement to Publication 538-A (1976) IEC 708-1 & 708-3 Low-Frequency Cables with Polyolefin Insulation and Moisture Barrier Polyolefin Sheath. ISO Standard 89 Steel Tensile Testing of wire ISO Standard 1460 Metallic Coatings Hot dip galvanized coatings on ferrows materials. Determination of the mass per unit area. Gravimetric method CCITT Book Volume (IX) Protection 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1. Conductor A solid continuous copper wire, circular in section. 3.2. Insulation The insulation material immediately surrounding a conductor. 3.3. Insulated Conductor A conductor surrounded by insulation. 3.4. Pair Two identical (except for marking) insulated conductors. 3.5. Star Quad (5-Quad) Four identical (except for marking) insulated conductors twisted together around the same axis. 3.6. Unit Ten pairs (5-Ouads) stranded together with an identification binder applied over them. 3.7. Centre Core The inner quads or units of a cable symmetrically arranged around the axis of the cable. 3.8. Core The stranded quads or units laid up and wrapped, before the addition of a screen or a sheath. 3.9. Lay 3 of 13 Technical Standard No. G 20:10:001:05 The axial length of one complete turn of the helix formed around an imaginary line between the centre of the conductors of a quad or around the imaginary longitudinal line at the centre of a core (whipping, lapping, wrapping, screening or armouring as applicable). 4. TEMPERATURE AND E NVIRONMENT 4.1. The cable shall retain the mechanical and electrical properties, detailed in this specification, over a working temperature range of -6 °C to +89 °C. 4.2. The cable shall suffer no deterioration from corrosive elements found naturally in the ground or in the atmosphere. 4.3. The cable shall be suitable for use in the environmental conditions detailed in MOC Standard, Common Technical Requirements G 10:10:01. 5. CONDUCTOR 5.1. Each conductor shall consist of a solid wire of commercially pure annealed copper, smoothly drawn; circular in section, uniform in quality and free from defects. Conductors shall meet the requirements of IEC Publications 28 and IEC 344 with the exception that the dimensions and permissible variation shall be as in paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3 of this specification. Overall conformance with IEC Publication 708-1, Clause 5 is required. 5.2. The nominal conductor diameters shall be 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.65 mm, and 0.9 mm. 5.3. Cancelled. 5.4. The properties of the conductor shall be in accordance with MOC Common Technical Requirements G 10:10:01 and Sections 15 and 16 of this Specification. 5.5. A conductor containing a joint, made during manufacture, shall have a tensile strength of not less than 90 % and a resistance of not more than 105 % of that of an adjacent equal length of conductor not containing a joint. 6. CONDUCTOR INSULATION 6.1. Each conductor shall be concentrically and uniformly covered with solid, coloured polyethylene compound. 6.2. Polyethylene compounds used for insulation should be high density and high molecular weight and conform to the Standards laid down in MOC Standards, Common Technical Requirements G 10:10:01. IEC Publication 708-1 Clause 6.1 refers. 6.3. The nominal radial thickness of the insulation shall be such that the electrical and mechanical requirements stated in this specification are met. However minimum requirements detailed in Table 1 must be complied with Maximum dimensions are only shown as an indication of the limits applicable to modular jointing modules. 6.4. The insulation must be close fitting on the conductor and deter the ingress of water whilst retaining good stripping qualities. Conductor Diameter (mm) 0.4 0.5 0.65 0.9 Thickness Of Insulation Minimum (mm) Maximum (Modular Limits) (mm) 0.165 0.625 0.205 0.575 0.255 0.500 0.305 0.375 Table 1 6.5. Conductor Identification 6.5.1. The colours used for conductor insulation shall conform as far as possible to the Munsell Notation references defined in MOC Standard, Common Technical Requirements G 10:10:01. 6.5.2. Each conductor shall be clearly identifiable from its insulation markings. 6.5.3. The conductor insulation colours for star quad cables with a 10 pair (5-Quad) unit shall be in accordance with Figure l and Table 2 below. 4 of 13 A O DO Technical Standard No. G 20:10:001:05 OC A O Figure 1 Quad Formation Colour Of Wire Application B C D 10 Pair 10 Pair Wire Wire Wire Unit Cable 1 White Brown Black 0 0 2 White Brown Black 0 0 3 White Brown Black 0 0 4 White Brown Black 0 0 5 White Black 0 0 Table 2 Conductor Insulation Colours For Star Quad Cables Within 10 Pair (5-Quad) Unit Quad No. 7. A Wire Blue Yellow Green Red Violet QUADDING 7.1. Formation of Quads Four conductors insulated and coloured as described in Clause 6 shall be uniformly twisted together to form a compact and symmetrical quad in such manner that two insulated conductors of a pair are arranged diagonally opposite to each other in the quad. 8. STRANDING 8.1. Formation of Unit 8.1.1. Five quads, from 1st to 5th in Table 2 shall be stranded into a compact and symmetrical 10 Pair Unit. Binders of plastic tape, coloured in accordance with Table 3 shall be applied over each unit. The colours of such binders shall agree as far as possible with the Munsell Notation detailed in MOC Standards, Common Technical Requirements G l0:10:0l. The coloured plastic tape may consist of one diagonally striped tape with alternate stripes of the two relevant colours or two individual tapes of different colours. In units which are identified by one colour a single tape of one colour or two tapes of the same colour may be applied. 8.1.2. The direction of stranding may be reversed at intervals. 8.1.3. Each quad in a unit shall have a different lay and the maximum length of lay in a completed cable shall not exceed 200 mm. Unit No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Colour Of Binder Blue Yellow Green Red Violet Blue – White Yellow – White Green – White Red – White Violet – White Unit No. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Colour Of Binder Blue – Brown Yellow - Brown Green - Brown Red - Brown Violet - Brown Blue - Black Yellow - Black Green - Black Red - Black Violet - Black Table 3 Colour Of Binder Of 10 Pairs Units 9. CORE WRAPPING 9.1. 10 Pair Cable 5 of 13 Technical Standard No. G 20:10:001:05 9.1.1. 5 Quads in star quad formation shall be stranded to form a 10 pair cable. The stranded cable core shall be completely covered with two closed helical lapping of plastic tape. The arrangement of quads shall be as shown in Table 2. 9.1.2. Under or over the tapes, described in 9.1.1 open helical binding tape of plastic may be applied. 9.2. 20, 30, 50, 100 And 200 Pair Cable 9.2.1. The unit described in clause 8.1 shall be stranded in accordance with Table 4 into a compact and symmetrical cable core. The direction of stranding may be reversed in some intervals throughout the cable length. 9.2.2. An open lapping of natural colour plastic tape may be applied between layers. Such lapping shall invariably be applied over the outermost layer. 9.2.3. The cable core stranded as described above shall be completely covered with two or more closed helical lapping(s) of the plastic tape. Alternatively these tape(s) may be applied longitudinally with an overlap and with a suitable tape or thread to be applied over the longitudinal wrapping. 9.3. Arrangements of Units 9.3.1. The arrangement of units for each size of cable is shown in Figure 2. 1 5 1 2 1 3 2 20 Pairs 4 2 30 Pairs 3 50 Pairs 9 20 10 4 3 11 19 10 5 8 4 1 1 18 12 9 6 3 2 2 6 17 8 5 6 13 7 100 Pairs 16 14 15 200 Pairs Figure 2 Arrangement Of Units In Each Cable When Viewed From The Clockwise Direction Of Rotation Cable End 6 of 13 Technical Standard No. G 20:10:001:05 Pair Nos. No. of Units 2 - - - - - - 2 1-10 11-20 21-30 3 - - - - - - 3 Blue Yellow Green Red Violet 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 5 - - - - - - 5 Blue Yellow Green 1-10 11-20 21-30 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Red Violet Blue-White Yellow-White Green-White Red-White Violet-White 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 7 - - - 3 4 5 67 8 Green Red Violet Blue-White Yellow-White Green-White 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Red-White Violet-White Blue-Brown Yellow-Brown Green-Brown Red-Brown Violet-Brown Blue-Black Yellow-Black Green-Black Red-Black Violet-Black 81-90 91-100 101-110 111-120 121-130 131-140 141-150 151-160 161-170 171-180 181-190 191-200 20 1 2 Blue Yellow 30 1 2 3 Blue Yellow Green 50 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 100 1 2 Blue Yellow 200 1-10 11-20 2 6 Binder Tape Pair No. No. Of units Unit No. 1-10 11-20 Binder Tape Unit No. No. Of Units Binder Tape Unit No. No. Of Pairs Pair No. Centre Layer Total Nos. Of Units Arrangement Of Units And Colour Of Binder Tape First Layer Second Layer - 10 12 20 Table 4 Binder Tape Colour Scheme And Unit Arrangement 10. IDENTIFICATION 10.1. An identification tape, durably marked with the manufacturer’s name and year of manufacture, type of cable i.e. number of pairs, and gauge of conductor shall be placed longitudinally, straight or in a spiral, over the core wrapping. This information shall be repeated at intervals of maximum 150 mm. 10.2. Alternatively the above details may be printed on the outer wrapping tapes. 7 of 13 Technical Standard No. G 20:10:001:05 11. MOISTURE BARRIER SHEATH 11.1. The moisture barrier screen shall consist of a longitudinally applied, laminate of polymer coated Aluminium tape with a polymer coating on the outer surface. 11.2. The moisture barrier screen shall completely cover the cable core with an overlap of not less than 6 mm, or 20 % of the moisture barrier circumference, whichever is the smaller. 11.3. The nominal thickness of the aluminium tape shall be 0.2 mm, and the nominal thickness of the polymer film shall be 40 µm. 11.4. The moisture barrier screen shall be covered with extruded polyethylene compound coloured black in accordance with MOC Standards, Common Technical Requirements G 10:10:01. 11.5. The nominal sheath thickness including moisture barrier screen and overall cable diameter shall be in accordance with Table 5. Overall cable diameters are maximums and may be reduced if all conditions for the conductor, cable core, and moisture barrier sheath are met. 11.6. The minimum thickness of the moisture barrier sheath measured transversely at any point shall not be less than 85 % of the nominal thickness. 11.7. The average thickness of the cable sheath measured at four or more equidistant points (including the minimum point) around the sheath circumference shall not be less than 95 % of the nominal value. 11.8. The sheath shall be free from pinholes, joints, mended places and other defects. 11.9. The moisture barrier sheath should meet the requirements of IEC Publications 708-1 and 708-3 except where stated exceptions and/or additions exist in this specification. 8 of 13 Technical Standard No. G 20:10:001:05 Conductor Diameter (mm) Number of Pairs 0.4 10 20 30 50 100 200 Nominal Thickness of LAP Sheath (including) Aluminium (mm) 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 0.5 10 20 30 50 100 200 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 12 14.5 16 19 24 32 0.65 10 20 30 50 100 200 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.1 14 16 19 22 30 39 0.9 10 20 30 50 100 200 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.3 16 21 24 29 37 52 Max. Overall Diameter Of Cable 11 13 14.5 17 21 27.5 Table 5 CCP-LAP Cable Nominal Dimensions 12. ARMOURING 12.1. When so ordered a single close layer of galvanised steel wire or two overlapping galvanised steel tapes applied over the polyethylene outer sheath shall be provided and covered with an extruded outer protection sheath of similar polyethylene material to the cable core sheath. Tape and wire armouring are used for protection against mechanical stress but the former is preferred where AC Induction problems are involved. The type of armouring will be specified. 12.2. The diameter of steel wires and thickness of steel tape for cable sizes and thickness of steel tape for cable sizes up to 200 pair are given in Table 6. Steel tapes should have an overlap of 33 % minimum. 12.3. Steel tapes or wires shall have a minimum tensile strength of between 30 Kg/mm2 and 45 Kg/mm2. 12.4. Galvanising shall be in accordance with ISO Standard 1460 but the of zinc coating shall not be less than 200 g/m2. 12.5. Cable dimensions shall be as detailed in Table 6. 9 of 13 Technical Standard No. G 20:10:001:05 Thickness Of Armouring Conductor Diameter (mm) No. Of Pairs (mm) Un-armoured Overall Nominal Cable Diameter Steel Wire Diameter (mm) 0.4 10 20 30 50 100 200 11 13 14.5 17 21 27.5 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.6 1.6 2.0 10 20 30 50 100 200 12 14.5 16 19 24 32 1.25 1.25 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 10 20 30 50 100 200 14 16 19 22 30 39 1.25 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.0 10 20 30 50 100 200 16 21 24 29 37 52 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.5 0.5 0.65 0.9 Steel Tape Thickness (mm) Steel Wire Only 0.6 0.6 Steel Wire Only 0.6 0.6 Steel Wire Only 0.6 0.8 Steel Wire Only 0.6 0.8 Thickness Of Serving Outer Sheath (mm) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Maximum Diameter Overall Armoured Cable 19 21 22.5 26 30 37.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 20 22.5 25 28 33 42 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 21 25 28 31 40 49 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 25 30 33 39 47 62 Table 6 Armoured Cable Dimensions For 2.5 mm Thick Serving (Outer Sheath) 13. LENGTH MARKING All markings should be in accordance with MOC Standards, Common Technical Requirements G 10:10:01. Both length and identifications markings are required. 14. CABLE SIZES The cable sizes shall be in accordance with Table 7. 10 of 13 Technical Standard No. G 20:10:001:05 Number Of Pairs 10 20 30 50 100 200 Conductor Size (mm) 0.4 0.5 0.65 0.90 Table 7 Range Of Cable Sizes By Conductor Diameter 15. ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS 15.1. In all cases tests performed shall be as specified in MOC Standards, Tests and Inspection Manufacture, G 30:10:01, which details the full range of tests required by the Ministry. 15.2. Conductor Resistance at 20 °C For any factory length of cable the conductor resistance shall not exceed the values given in Table 8. IEC 7081 Clause 23 refers. Conductor Diameter (mm) 0.4 0.5 0.65 0.9 Maximum Average Resistance Of All Conductors (Ω/Km) 144 92 54 28 Maximum Resistance Of any one conductor (Ω/Km) 150 96 57 30 Table 8 Note: Temperature correction to 20 °C must conform to IEC Publications 28 and 344 15.3. Resistance Unbalance at 20 °C The resistance unbalance between the two conductors of a pair expressed as a percentage of the loop resistance of the pair shall not exceed 2t. The term pair applies to the A and B, or C and D conductors of a quad. IEC Publication 708-1, Clause 24 refers. 15.4. Mutual Capacitance 15.4.1. The mutual capacitance shall be measured with 1000 Hz. The maximum mean mutual capacitance of each pair in a cable length shall be as follows: IEC 708-1 Clause 27 refers. 10 to 50 Pair Cable ----55 nF/Km 100 to 200 Pair Cable ----50 nF/Km 15.4.2. The maximum individual mutual capacitance shall not exceed 64 nF/Km on any pair. IEC 708-1 Clause 27 refers. 15.4.3. Readings may be taken at room temperature but in case of dispute readings at 20 °C shall apply. IEC 7081 Clause 27 refers. 15.5. Capacitance Unbalance 15.5.1. The capacitance unbalance shall be measured with 1000 Hz and may be carried out at room temperature. All conductors other than those under test and the screen shall be bonded together. In case of dispute readings taken at 20 °C shall apply. 15.5.2. The maximum limits of capacitance unbalance between pairs in the same quads of a 500 m length of cable are shown in Table 9 below: 11 of 13 Technical Standard No. G 20:10:001:05 Measurement Cable Size Pairs 10 - 50 100 - 200 Individual values (pF) Conductor Sizes (mm) All conductor sizes 500 500 Maximum Average (pF) Conductor Sizes (mm) All Conductor sizes 150 Table 9 Maximum Capacitance Unbalance Values Note: The maximum average values shown in Table-9 are the maximum mean value of capacitance unbalance measured on all pairs in the cable. Length correction shall be carried out by dividing the measured values as follows: 1 L L 2 500 500 Where L is the length of the cable under test in meters. A length less than 100 meters shall be considered as 100 meters. 15.6. Insulation Resistance at 20 °C 15.6.1. Tests may be carried out at room temperature but may be corrected to 20 °C. in case of dispute. 15.6.2. The insulation resistance measurements shall be made with 500 VDC after steady electrification up to 1 minute at 20 °C. 15.6.3. A cable sample for the various conductor diameters and cable sizes in production shall have its jacket and sheath removed and apart from end connection sections shall be completely immersed in water for a period of 2 hours. The insulation resistance between individual conductors and the water should then have an average of 10,000 MΩ.Km. The average incidence of insulation defects in a cable shall not exceed one per 25,000 m conductor. A cable will be rejected if this incidence is exceeded. 15.6.4. The insulation resistance between each conductor in the completed cable and all other conductors and the screen connected together shall not be less than 20,000 MΩ.Km at 20 °C with a test voltage of 500 VDC applied for up to 1 minute. 15.6.5. IEC publication 708-1 Clause 26 applies but requirements enhanced as defined in Para 15.6.4 of this specification. 15.7. Dielectric Strength The dielectric strength of the insulation shall be checked on the finished cable. The insulation shall withstand the application of a DC test voltage. The voltages for alternative duration are given in Table 10 below. IEC 708-1 Clause 25 refers. Type Of Conductor Duration of Test (s) Solid PE (KV) Conductor to Conductor 3 60 2 1 Conductor to Screen 3 60 6 3 Table 10 15.8. Spark Test Of Sheath Polyethylene sheaths with a radial thickness of up to and including 2 mm shall be spark tested with an AC Voltage of 10 KV and above 2 mm with a voltage of 12 KV. IEC Publication 708-1 Sub-Clause 20.1.1 refers. 16. MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS All tests shall be performed as specified in MOC Standards, Test Inspections Manufacture, G 30:10:01 which details the full range of tests required by the Ministry. 16.1. Conductor The tensile strength shall be minimum 20 Kg/mm2. The percentage elongation at break shall not be less than shown in Table 11. IEC 708-1 Clause 17 refers. Nominal Diameter (mm) Elongation At Break (%) 12 of 13 Technical Standard No. G 20:10:001:05 0.4 0.5 0.65 0.9 15 15 20 20 Table 11 16.2. Conductor Insulation The tensile strength of solid polyethylene insulation shall be a minimum of 1 Kg/mm2 and the elongation at break should be a minimum of 400 %. IEC 708-1 Clause 18 refers. 16.3. Polyethylene Sheath 16.3.1. The specific gravity of the polyethylene compound shall be 0.926- 0.940. IEC 708-1 Clause 13.1.1 refers. 16.3.2. The minimum tensile strength shall not be less than 1 Kg/mm2 nd the ultimate elongation at break not less than 400 %. IEC 708-1 Clause 19.1 refers. 16.3.3. Resistance to environmental stress cracking shall not allow any failures from 10 tested specimens. IEC 708-1 Clause 22.3 refers. Testing to be carried out in accordance with IEC 538-A Clause 2.Procedure B. 16.3.4. The carbon content shall be 2.5 ± 0.5 % (weight). IEC 708-1 Clause 13.1.1 and 22.2 refers. 16.3.5. The force required to peel the aluminium tape from the polyethylene shall not be less than 0.8 N/mm width. IEC 708-1, Clause 19.2 refers. 17. CABLE ENDS TREATMENT 17.1. After completion of inspection and acceptance tests the ends of the cable shall be adequately sealed to prevent the ingress of moisture. 18. COMPLIANCE The Tenderers shall state their compliance with this specification and associated MOC Standards i.e. Common Technical Requirements G 10:10:01 and Tests and Inspection -Manufacture G 30:10:01. Any deviations suggested by a manufacturer shall be fully documented and may be presented in the form of an alternative offer. 19. DELIVERY LENGTHS The cables shall be delivered on drums in standard lengths or as specified by order. See MOC Standards, Common Technical Requirements G 10:10:01. 20. INSPECTION Inspection shall be performed as described in MOC Standards, Test and Inspection Manufacture G 30:10:01.Manufacturers shall keep suitable summary records for a period of not less than five years of all electrical and physical tests required by MOC Standards, Test and Inspection -Manufacture G 30:10:01 in such a form that test data for a particular drum may be readily available to the Ministry upon request and presented in a suitable and easily readable form. 21. DRUMMING AND MARKING Drumming and marking shall be performed according to MOC Standards, Common Technical Requirements G 10:10:01. 13 of 13
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