Notes Ch. 43 – Reproduction and Development
Section 1: Male Reproductive System
1. What is the role of the male reproductive system?
2. Where are testes located?
3. What is the function of the testes?
4. Why are the testes located outside the male body?
5. When are sperm cells first produced in a male’s life?
6. How many sperm cells are males born with?
7. Where exactly are sperm produced?
8. Where do sperm mature?
9. Sperm move from the epididymus into the _____________________________, and then
into the urethra.
10. Label the picture of the sperm below:
11. Which three glands add fluids to sperm and what does each fluid contribute?
a.
b.
c.
1 12. What is semen?
13. How does a penis become erect when aroused?
14. How many sperm cells are in each ejaculation? ______________
15. How much semen is ejaculated each time? _______________
16. Why are males with less than 20 million sperm per mL of semen considered sterile?
17. How many sperm cells must be in each ejaculation for a man to be fertile? _________
Section 2: Female Reproductive System
18. How many mature egg cells are produced each month? _______
19. What is the purpose of the ovaries?
20. How many immature egg cells are females born with? Are new egg cells created during a
female’s life?
21. Label the diagram below:
22. What is a mature egg cell called? ___________
23. What is the purpose of the fallopian tubes?
24. How long does it take for a mature egg cell to travel through the fallopian tube into the
uterus? _______________
25. How long can an ovum survive? ______________
26. Draw an ovum with a sperm cell next to it to show the size difference
2 27. How large is the uterus?
28. What is the purpose of the uterus?
29. What is the purpose of the vagina?
30. What is the cervix?
31. What is a diaphragm?
32. Define ovarian cycle.
33. Define ovulation.
34. Define menstrual cycle.
35. Look at fig. 9 on page 1002.
a. On which days of the cycle are FSH and LH the highest? __________
b. How long is the average menstrual cycle? ________
c. Some women have menstrual cycles of different length; cycles vary from ____ days to
_____ days.
d. On which day does ovulation occur? ___________________________________
Drawing of menstrual cycle and ovulation:
36. What are the components of menstrual fluid?
37. Define menopause.
Section 3: Development
38. How long can sperm survive once they are inside the female reproductive system? ______
39. Describe fertilization and include where it usually occurs.
3 40. Every human cell contains 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs (23 from the mother, and 23 from
the father). A sperm cell and an egg cell contain only ___ chromosomes, with each
chromosome randomly chosen from each pair.
41. After an egg has been fertilized by sperm it is called a __________________
42. Describe cleavage.
43. What is implantation?
44. Define gestation
45. Gestation in humans lasts ______________
46. Each trimester of pregnancy lasts ________________
47. Sequence of human development:
Zygote (first 2 weeks) ⇒ ___________ (weeks 2 – 8) ⇒ fetus (month 2-9) ⇒ newborn
48. The membrane that encloses and protects the embryo is called ______________________
49. The membrane that interacts with the uterus and forms the placenta is called ___________
50. Define placenta.
51. How does blood from the mother reach the embryo/fetus?
52. What is fetal alcohol syndrome?
53. After 8 weeks, the human fetus has all its organs, small arms and legs, weighs __ gram,
and is 22 mm long. (Draw a line that is 22 mm long:
)
54. What happens to the fetus during the second and third trimester?
55. Define labor.
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