1
Canadian Geography Exam Review
Unit One
(1)
Maps
 What are the five most important things on a map?

What symbols are used for the following:
school
marsh
church
river
road
cemetery
bridge
railway

Label all the Provinces, Territories, and Capital Cities on the map provided.

Label the following bodies of water on the map provided:
Atlantic Ocean
St. Lawrence River
Pacific Ocean
Hudson Bay
Arctic Ocean
Davis Strait
Beaufort Sea
Bay of Fundy
Foxe Basin
Baffin Bay

Label the following islands on the map provided.
Baffin Island
Victoria Island
Queen Charlotte Islands
Cape Breton Island
benchmark
mine
Lake Ontario
Lake Erie
Lake Michigan
Lake Huron
Lake Superior
Ellesmere Island
Vancouver Island
2

What is a map?

Why is a globe the only accurate way to represent the Earth?

What are the four types of distortions?

Why do all maps have distortions?

What is a large-scale map?

What is a small-scale map?
(2)
Compass Points
 Label the compass on the right with both direction and bearing points.

What is the bearing of:
(a)
Windsor from Toronto?
(b)
Kingston from Toronto?
(3)
Latitude and Longitude
 Define the following terms:
Latitude
Longitude
Equator
Prime Meridian

What are the seven important lines of latitude?

What are the two important lines of longitude?

What is GPS?

What are three uses or applications for GPS? (3 marks)

Find the latitude and longitude of the following dots.
Ship
Latitude
Longitude
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(4)
Scale
 Define scale.

What are three ways in which scale can be represented?

Covert the following into the three formats of scale:

The scale on the map reads, “1 cm represents 30 km.” If the distance between two cities on the map measures
9cm, what is the actual distance between the two cities?
1 cm = 12 km
1 cm = 5 km
1 cm = 9 km
3
(5)
Grid Systems
 What is the six-point military grid system?

What are three types of grid systems are in use around the world?

Find the six-digit grid reference of each of the dots below.
(6)
Contours
 What do contours measure?

Draw the contours for the map below of Cripple Creek.

Draw the profile for Colin Island found on the top right.
(i)
What is the contour interval of the map?
(ii)
What is the horizontal scale of the map?
(7)
Longitude & Time
 The Earth rotates on its axis once every _________________ hours.

We measure time from the _________________________________.

In one hour the Earth has rotated ________________ degrees.

When it is 12:00 pm at the Prime Meridian, it is _________________ at 30°W

When it is 12:00 pm at the Prime Meridian, it is _________________ at 30°E.

Complete the following (show your work):
Local time = 8:00 am
Universal time = 11:00 am
Longitude = ?
(8)
Remote Sensing
 What are the two methods used for remote sensing?

Describe five uses or applications of remote sensing.
Local time = 9:00 am
Universal time = 5:00 am
Longitude =
4
Unit Two
(1)
Geologic History
 Define the following terms:
Plate tectonics
Convection Currents
Continental Drift
Intrusive rocks
Pangaea
Erosion
Extrusive rocks

Label the following diagram below:

What are the four geologic eras of the Earth?

What are the major events that occurred during each of the four geologic eras?

What are three methods in which mountains are formed?

Complete the Rock Cycle diagram.
(2)
Landform Connections
 Describe the seven physical regions of Canada: Canadian Shield
Great-Lakes St. Lawrence Lowlands
Interior Plains
Hudson Bay - Arctic Lowlands
Appalachians
Western Cordillera
Innuitian Mountains

How were the physical regions of Canada formed and what types of rock are they are composed of?

What effects do glaciers have on the landscape?
5
(3)
Climate Connections
 Define the following terms:
Weather
Air pressure
Climate
Wind
Condensation
Evaporation
Humidity

What five factors affect climate?

Describe the moderating effects water has on climate.

How do prevailing winds affect the movement of air masses?

Why two key points describe why precipitation occurs?

What are the three forms of precipitation? (Include a description and a diagram for each one)

What is the temperature of the air mass once it reaches the top of the mountain?
Temperature at sea level is 26°C
Height of the mountain is 1400 metres.
Condensation occurs at 900 metres.

What are the formulas for the following:
Average Temperature?
Temperature Range?
Total Precipitation?
Summer Distribution of Precipitation?
Winter Distribution of Precipitation?

What are the key differences between continental and maritime climate regions?

Interpreting climate graph information:
If the temperature range is greater than 25°C then a place has a _________________ climate.
If the temperature range is less than 25°C then the place has a _________________ climate.
If the total precipitation is greater than 1000 mm than the place has a _________________ climate.
If the total precipitation is less than 1000 mm than the place has a _________________ climate.
If the maximum distribution of rainfall is during winter than the place has a _________________ climate.
If the maximum distribution of rainfall is during summer than the place has a _________________ climate.

Draw a climate graph for the following station:
Station B
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Temperature (°C)
3
5
6
9
Precipitation (mm)
150
124
109
75
Station:
____________________
Climate type:
____________________
Average Temperature:
_____________
Temperature Range:
_____________
Total Precipitation
_____________
Seasonal Winter:
_____________
Seasonal Summer:
_____________
Apr May
Jun
Jul
Aug Sept
12
15
17
18
62
46
36
38
Oct
Nov
Dec
14
10
6
4
64
115
170
178
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(4)
Soil and Natural Vegetation Connections
 What are the four components of soil?

How soil is created?

What is humus?

What is leaching and calcification? (Include a soil profile with your description)

Review the vegetation regions of Canada.

Using a diagram explain what a transition zone is.

What are coniferous and deciduous trees?

What are five reasons why coniferous trees can survive harsh climates?

What are three reasons why deciduous trees survive in Canada?

What is permafrost?

What is a tree line?
(5)
Ecozones
 Define the term ecozone.

How is it a useful method for studying Canada?

Describe the characteristics of the ecozone that Toronto is located in.
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Unit Three
(1)
Population Geography
 What is demography?
Canada
Population 1881
Age
Male
70+
2.6
65 - 69
1.7
60 - 64
2.4
55 - 59
2.7
50 - 54
3.3
45 - 49
4.0
40 - 44
4.5
35 - 39
5.3
30 - 34
6.1
25 - 29
7.7
20 - 24
9.8
15 - 19
11.0
10 - 14
12.0
5-9
13.0
0-4
13.9
Female
2.4
1.5
2.2
2.5
3.3
3.9
4.5
5.4
6.2
7.9
10.2
11.4
11.8
13.0
13.8

What is the birth rate and death rate?

What are the three categories for population pyramids?

What is the dependency load?

How is the dependency load calculated?

Draw a population pyramid for the following:

What are the three categories of immigrants?

What are push factors and pull factors? (Provide five examples of each)

What five factors might cause an immigrant to change his or her mind about immigrating to Canada?

Describe how immigration has been important to Canada.

Which three cities in Canada do most immigrants move to once they arrive in Canada? Why do they go there?

Define the following:
Urban
Rural
Urbanization
Urban renewal
Multicultural society
Multiplier effect

What are the six main land uses for an urban centre?

What is the formula for population density?

Using a diagram explain three types of population patterns.

Where do most Canadians live in Canada? Why?

Describe at least five urban problems associated with large cities.
Threshold population
Intervening variable
Population distribution
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Unit Four
(1)
Types of Industry
 Define the following terms and provide examples for each one.
Primary industry
Secondary industry
Raw material
Manufacturing
Non-basic industry
Sustained yield management
Non-renewable resource
Tertiary industry
Basic industry
Renewable resource
(2)
Fishing Industry
 What are the three main regions of Canada’s fishing industry?

Why are fish a renewable resource?

What are the differences between inshore fishing and offshore fishing?

Describe the favourable conditions that produce waters that are suitable for fish.

Why did the East Coast Fishery collapse?

Why did the West Coast Fishery collapse?

What does aquaculture refer to?

What are the four methods of aquaculture?

What is the trend of the aquaculture industry? Why?

What is meant by the agricultural revolution?

How can sustained yield management be applied to fishing?
(3)
Farming Industry
 Why is soil both a renewable and non-renewable resource?

What are the natural and economic factors that affect the types of farming?

What is the difference between intensive farming and extensive farming?

Why has the number of people working of farms steadily declined in Canada?

What is meant by agribusiness?

What is being done to achieve sustainable agriculture?

What is happening to the farmland located near cities?

How is farmland being damaged?

Issues involving the farming industry

How can sustained yield management be applied to agriculture?
(4)
Forest Industry
 What two categories are Canadian forests divided into?

What is the difference between the two divisions?

What are the five main forest regions of Canada?

Describe the three main methods of harvesting trees.

Why should we protect our forests?

What are the three main threats to our forests?

Describe the issues facing the forestry industry

How can sustained yield management be applied to the forestry industry?
(5)
Mining Industry
 What is a mineral?

What are the three basic mineral types?

What do geologists do?

How do geologists discover mineral reserves?

What must a mining company consider when they want to construct a mine?

What happens to the ore after it is extracted from the ground?

Describe the three methods of mining: Open-pit Mining, Strip Mining, Underground Mining.

What are tailings?

Describe the issues facing the mining industry.