Patented Jan. '19, 1954
'6
‘ . 2,666,759
1'
"
‘OFFICE;
MANUFACTURE OF ACIDS AND sAjL'Is ,.
FROM GUMS.
U
,
v
William‘ H.- Wood, University-r mis?ts} Ohio, 'as- ,
'si'gno'r toHarris-Scybold Company," qleyei ‘ ,ji
Q1‘??? F.EQWPI‘MEF’M‘Delaware."
Kama-wing‘ Application Juan-9,1948‘,- v
‘
Ԥaria1sNo.a4.153
-,-
'
‘
, (01- 27607299),
r
1
21,
'
,
Natural gums, while‘, haying, some properties
solution
ducal ‘(ifform)and;'by;
the .- produasw
considerations
be: used‘ directly
of’; via-'
cosity‘limitation as-vapt to a?ect throughputi etc.
adapting them to certinv uses;haliéfothgillropg, _
e‘rties which greatly limit their scopqor possible
For instance, a i conyen
a
_
‘able?
utilities, It haslo'ng been'reco'gniz'ed
asde
.
p
v
‘
that these limitations‘ be" 0 come, but theta?!‘ .
} plexity of such raw materia andits vulnerability‘
‘ Butfas noted, the con
to detrimental breakdown in'g‘ross' "chemical p119;
11
swidelmandas
30 percent, The:
anxillustrél'qwei
um soluti,
_ g?n~,is;desirably
filtered to. remove-frag
,. 99d: and/undisei»
cedures have obstructed'prfogress in 61115’, direc
tion. 'It has been known‘, 'ro’riinstaacatnatgum
arabic dissolved in water‘ couldfbetreatedwith
' hydrochloric acid" and-1'" then; ‘anhydrous? alcohol:
'sclveldm'atezfial 'irisludias
" dirt.
'Then thesoluti
' '
tion of a cation-éexchan
' could be'added to formia preeipitatefanfd. this;
precipitate’ could be separated and washes with
alcohol to vyield . a 'producti'of 'arabic 'acid. The
necessary‘ repeated res-disjolving'iand r.é+’prec_ipi7
includesv , complex" _'si=lica
tatingfrequifed- by such ‘process, I ia'tedious and“
With'fumine 8111b
compcundsbnithaorsl
‘
expensive manufacturin'igfl
'schedu‘ ,
nets‘ 7 asv thus. ' heretofore, attain " *
concentration .;for_ any
1a 1s around 1272 percent.»
‘operation with gumi
of acidetreated ' z‘e‘olite
materials ,siiqliasl
‘such’, 193:6:17v
.0
e.v havéthasf
» ,.
.
Sy “ ' '
lp 0111?
a?
-
»
l
p re, 91dv under)
"d:I they‘, have ‘poor
keeping,
pI-I‘ofabout 3.3, a
I‘
V’
I
qualities in solution,"beingfsusceptible ‘to. bacte
rial ‘and mold attack-f
a'csbrdala‘cawitaithe»
present invention, however, it I now‘ becomes 7 pos; _ ,
sibleto attain acid productsf om!’
_\ l _ can?v arabic
a iprH
andiotherj waterrsbluble'v gums; (which
materially lower‘ in numericalyalueiland which
‘Arnberlitefi
etc.) . ' These'p
,,
,,.1Qné_e'i;xc
eral are high molecula.
the fourth ‘aroupi'elemein
which ' the i ve yo
’
large» male
bound“ hydrogenl. v3511911375
-' products 6 of the pres
are _ in _ effect truly. acids. as “contrasted with. the._
mixed products ' heretofore’icornrnercially lknow,n;v r
'rcontainingutojthee lu
‘_
In; this; the? intestate-emu.
and the present, products ,resist"decomposition; V
, The‘ acids may‘ begf?rtharn .c'onvi'ertedf'into metal,»
salts having'ne'w and useful properties. >
Objects and advantagcs?of the invention will ap
' pear‘ from the following description.
h
.
v
,
Other
agl‘l'comes‘poss‘ble to att " a" n
T0 the ascomplisbmsaa 9i teafmfsgqinsaad
related ends, the'in'venti n,‘ “then, cqllxnr‘iris‘e's" the
features hereinafter ‘ifullif‘idé'scrib'éd "andv particu
larly pointed out in the claims; the following ode-s
for-m,yhe applied
scription "setting forth. in detail certain illustra—
tive‘ embodiments‘ of the invention,‘ these being‘
séliltiontmayvlbetna
be , employeda
.
_
.
V.‘
k
s
.
4d,.
,
at mg’ggrid. a'y'tutrwg,i
bottornand severayfee of \
cation-exchange resin such
,
v
_
.
-
As raw materials, water-soluble naturally; oc
curring gums, or wateresolu'ble constituents 'of
naturally occurring gums, which are salts of “
‘afford, a relativelyrlaysea
strong organic acids .are applicable.’ Such are,’
uct s lutionrna
stance, with a'J'Z‘O p'e cen
ru throughlsuch an
‘
, v
t.
ThepHJ
for instance, gum arabic, mesquite gum’,""gh_atti 45,,
V "acidi‘
gum; tahla gum, brea giumf'etc'. ‘The vsoluble,‘ creasing; "creates:
’ portions of partially soluble gumslare illustrated,
for‘ instance, by‘vsuch-portion ofg'u'm' trahga'ciant'h, s
gum karaya, etc. Whether the gum be'i‘n true
solution or in dispersion ‘suf?cient for the proq? _
essing' ' is equivalent.‘ ' "Theconéen'tration' 'of the. 5
gum in such solutionpmayheguidedsornéwhat
byjit's degree‘ ofsdlublliliyj misty,‘
.
diameter, withrs ‘tab,
indicative, however, oflhut a few-of the various '
ways in which'fh'e' brin'cir?é crime invention may
..
And'forlinstancea 0 mm; such asof largciplpze.
desires
concentration of the ultimate solution to be ‘pm-‘r
s
V
it maybe ash
and thereaftv b
,
for‘ instance;
_
. '
Nita
ularf?llingbof a"
2,666,759
Such arabic acid, or other gum acid, as the
case may be, depending upon the particular rawv
material, may be used as such in the solution
form as obtained, or it may be converted to dry
form by drying. And, it is to be noticed that
such a dried product may. be re-dissolved without _
di?iculty, in contrast to‘ dry preparations of gum
2. A process of making a product from gum
arabic, comprising dissolving gum arabic in water,
separating any foreign particles, and reacting the
dissolved gum arabic with a cation exchange
complex selectedyfrom the group consisting of
sulphuric acid-‘treated carbonaceous materials,
acid-treated zeolites and phenol-formaldehyde
acids commonly heretofore available, this differ,
sulphonic acid resins so as to decompose the gum
ence perhaps being due to absence of retrograde
change occurring in the old treatment with min 10 and split the acid organic molecular portion from
the combined bases and prevent degradation
eral acid. This product furthermore is remark
breakdown of the organic portion and eliminate
able for its keeping properties. This is wholly
unexpected and surprising, as the acid-precipi- .. materials which. support bacterial and mold
tated products heretofore known, and even labo
ratory dialyzed products, have poor keeping qual 15
ities, being susceptible to rapid bacterial. and
growth to form a decomposition-resisting prod
uct.
-
a‘
'
3. A process of making products from gums,
comprising dissolving a naturally occurring exu
mold attack. It is well known that even with
date gum in water, separating any foreign par
addition of the most efficient antiseptics obtain
ticles,,and reacting the dissolved gum with a
able, the keeping of commercial products‘ hereto
.fore known has been unsatisfactory. The reason 20 cation exchange complexselected from the group
consisting of sulphuric acid-treated‘carbonaceous
for this difference in the present product is not
materials, acid-treated zeolites and phenol-form
known, but apparently impurities which would
support bacterial and mold' growth are removed
su?iciently in even one pass in the present treat
aldehyde-sulphonic acid resins so as to decom
pose the gum and split the acid organic molecular
ment to yield products commercially satisfactory 25 portion from the combined bases and prevent
degradation breakdown of the organic portion
;
without addition of antiseptics.
Such acid product as obtained foregoing may
be next converted into metallic salts of novel and
useful properties, and thus by reacting the arabic
and eliminate materials which support bacterial
and mold growth to form a decomposition-resist
ing product, and ?nally neutralizing the so
acid or other gum acid solution with a suitable 30 formed acid organic molecular portion with a
carbonate of carbonate-forming metal of molec
metallic agent, such as freshly-precipitated iron
ular weight 56408 selected from the group con
carbonates, the iron salt of the arabic acid or
sisting of iron, copper and silver.
other gum acid is attained, and such salt is found
4. A process of making a product from gum
to have properties suiting it for preparation of
arabic,
comprising dissolving gum arabic in
light-sensitive papers, pigments, and as a medi 35
Water, Separating any foreign particles, and re
cinal preparation for administration of iron, etc.
acting the dissolved gum arabic with a cation
By similarly reacting with a suitable copper com
exchange complex selected from the group con
pound, such as carbonate, the ‘copper salt of
sisting of sulphuric acid-treated carbonaceous
arabic acid or other gum acid is obtained, and
acid-treated zeolites and phenol-form
this salt is found to have properties ?tting it for 40 materials,
aldehyde-sulphonic acid resins so as to decom
fungicidal usage as in horticultural spraying, and
pose the gum and split the acid organic molecular
as an addition agent in electroplating, etc. And
portion from the combined bases and prevent
likewise by reactingwith silver carbonate, the
degradation breakdown of the organic portion
silver salt of the arabic acid or other gum acid is
and
eliminate materials which support bacterial
obtained, and this salt is found to have antiseptic
‘and mold growth to form a decomposition-re
properties which render. it suitable for use
sisting product, and ?nally neutralizing the so
ophthalmic infections and the like in place of
formed acid organic molecular portion with a
silver nitrate and organic compounds of silver.
carbonate of carbonate-forming metal of molec
Also such silver compounds are suitable for light
ular weight 56-108 selected from the group con
sensitive usages. Similarly, other metallic neu
sisting of-iron, copper and silver.
_
tralizers or precipitants may ‘be employed, to the 60
WILLIAM H. WOOD.
attainment of the corresponding metal salt of the
gum acid, and chromium salts and various others
thus are available;
References Cited in the ?le of this patent
3
.
UNITED STATES PATENTS
Other modes of applying the principle of the
invention may be employed, change being made 55 Number
Name
Date
as regards the detail described, provided the
637,090
Cunningham et a1. __ Nov. 14, 1899
features stated in any of the following claims, or
2,323,483
Myers et a1. _______ __ July 6, 1943
the equivalent of such, be employed.
7 OTHER REFERENCES
I therefore particularly point out and distinctly
claim as my invention:
Chem. Abstracts, vol. 23, pp. 3388 to 3389, 5382
(1929).
1. A process of making products from gums,
Walder: Food, v. v18 (January 1949), page 5,
comprising dissolving a naturally occurring exu
date gum in water, separating any foreign par
_1 page.
Krantz et al.: J. Am. Pharm. Assoc, v. 18
ticles, and reacting the dissolved gum with a
cation exchange complex selected from the group 65 (1929), pp. 463-4, 2 pp.
Briggs: J. Phys. Chem., v. 38 (1934), pp. 86'?
consisting of sulphuric acid-treated carbona
869, 3 pp.
ceous materials, acid-treated zeolites and phenol
Ryznar: Ind. Eng. Chem., v. 36 (1944), pp. 821
formaldehyde-sulphonic acid resins so as to de
,
compose the gum and split the acid organic 70 823, 3 pp.
Mantell:
Water-Soluble
Gums, pp. 35 to 44
molecular portion from the combined bases and
1219;72 published byReinhold Publishing Corp.,
prevent degradation breakdown of the organic
portion and eliminate. materials which support
Ion Exchange, Chemical Engineering, July
bacterial and mold growth to form a decomposi
1947; pp. 123 to 130. .
H
tion-reslsting product.
‘
‘
18