The Rise of Nationalism
Ch. 7 Section 3
Terms and People
• nationalism – a spirit of loyalty and
devotion to one’s country
• Henry Clay – a leading advocate of
economic nationalism who proposed the
American System
• American System – Clay’s plan for
federally sponsored internal improvements
and protective tariffs to promote
commerce and link all sections of the U.S.
• John Quincy Adams – Secretary of State under
James Madison and son of President John Adams
• Adams-Onís Treaty – treaty negotiated by John
Quincy Adams to purchase Florida from Spain
• Monroe Doctrine – policy warning European
monarchies not to interfere with Latin American
republics in return for U.S. non-interference
• Missouri Compromise – 1820 compromise
balancing the admission of Missouri as a slave
state with the admission of Maine as a free state
and setting a line across the continent dividing
future free and slave states
• Elections of 1816 &
1820- 5th President
1816- DemocraticRepublic James
Monroe v.
Federalist Rufus King
1820- D-R J.
Monroe v. Independent
Republic John Quincy
Adams.
Era of Good Feeling
• A new spirit of pride
and unity, called
nationalism swept
through the country
following the victory in
the War of 1812.
• Monroe’s
Administration (18171824) is known as the
Era of Good Feeling.
1. Nationalism was popular
2. Devotion of the
interests and needs of
the nation as a whole.
3. Apply this to our
economy
The American System brings
Strength & Unity
• Henry Clay-Speaker
of the Houseenvisioned the U.S.
consisting of two
sections, each
helping the other out.
• An industrial North
would turn out
manufactured goods.
• South & West would
raise grain, meat, and
cotton.
• Factory workers
would form a market
for agricultural
products and Farmers
would buy
manufactured goods.
• To bring about the American System:
1. Re-chartering of the National Bank- 2nd
Bank of the United States.
2. Protective Tariffs
3. Improved transportation
Protective Tariffs
• To protect US manufacturing from foreign
competition/ make foreign products more
expensive.
• Tariff of 1816
Transportation Improvements
• Better access to all regions:
ex. National Road/Erie Canal/RRs
• The $ for these internal improvements was
obtained from the protective tariffs.
The 2nd Bank of the United States
• Clay wanted reestablishment of a national bank to
control the nation’s money supply and banking.
• The First National Bank’s charter expired in 1811.
• Private and state banks were printing their own
money, causing widespread uncertainty in value.
• Clay argued that control over the nation’s money
supply and banking would restore confidence.
• As a result, Congress established the Second Bank
of the United States in 1816. 25 branches
throughout the US.
The Supreme Court Boosts
National Power
• Strengthening Government Economic
Control
 Gibbons v. Ogden: (1824) federal government controls interstate
commerce.
 McCulloch v. Maryland: (1819)state cannot overturn laws passed by
Congress.
• Limiting State Powers
 Marshall Court blocks interference in business, commerce.
 Fletcher v. Peck: (1810) voids Georgia law violating right to make
contract.
 Dartmouth v. Woodward: (1819)state cannot interfere with contracts
The Monroe Doctrine
» President Monroe feared France
or Spain might retake newly
independent republics in Latin
America.
» Monroe warned European
monarchies they had no business
in the Americas and promised the
United States would not involve
itself in Europe.
» In 1823 the United States was
incapable of enforcing the Monroe
Doctrine, but in time it became a
cornerstone of American foreign
policy.
Territory & Boundaries
• United States policy toward Florida reflected
nationalism.
• In 1818, Andrew Jackson invaded Florida to fight
the Seminole Indians who harbored runaway
slaves.
• Sec. of State John Quincy Adams guided by
nationalism- makes treaties with Britain on the
Great Lakes.
• Spain cedes Florida to US in Adams-Onís Treaty
–
• Gives up claim to Oregon Territory.
Despite nationalistic feelings, sectional
differences remained strong.
• In 1819, Missouri sought admission as a
slave-owning state.
• Acceptance would upset the balance between
free and slave-owning states in the U.S.
Senate.
• A northern proposal to ban slavery as the
price of Missouri’s admission caused debate.
• The slavery debate worried many. Thomas
Jefferson likened it to a “fire-bell in the night.”
Nationalism Pushes America West
• The Missouri Compromise
* When territory’s population reaches 60,000
may apply for statehood.
*Missouri Compromise- preserves balance
between slave & free states.
- Maine admitted into Union as Free
State; Missouri as slave state
- Divide LA Purchase Territory at
36*30’ line: slavery legal in south