ISO/DIS 19694-5 Stationary source emissions — Determination of
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in energy-intensive industries —
Part 5: Lime industry
PRESENTATION FROM CEN TC264 WG33 SG5
Julien Coubronne, EuLA
Dr Martyn Kenny, Lafarge Tarmac (SG5 Convenor)
The European Lime Association
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Lime, an essential but unseen material
• Lime is used in many products in everyday life: each EU
citizen uses around 150g per day
• A versatile natural chemical used in many processes:
 As a key enabling material for many
industries (e.g. steel, aluminium,
paper, glass, construction)
 As a key product for environmental
applications (e.g. drinking water
treatment, flue gas cleaning, waste
water treatment)
 As an essential mineral product, but
often unseen (e.g. toothpaste, sugar)
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Lime, an enabler for downstream
industries
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Lime functionalities
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Why a GHG standard?
To support the on-going work of the lime sector to reduce GHG
emissions by:
1. Facilitating the measurement, testing and quantifying of
GHG emissions from lime manufacturing
2. Facilitating the comparison of GHG emissions performance
of a lime manufacturing plants over time
3. Facilitating performance comparisons between lime
manufacturing plants with different installation configurations
but producing comparable products
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CEN TC 346 WG 33
ISO/DIS 19694-1
EuLA “mirror” group
with 30 experts
ISO/DIS 19694-5
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Lime production - calcination
Combustion CO2
CaCO3 + energy
calcium
carbonate
CaO + CO2
lime
carbon
dioxide
Process CO2
100 g
56 g
44 g
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Lime production process
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Lime production process
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Manufacture of lime - fuel mix
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Manufacture of lime - Average share of
GHG emissions
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Lime GHG issues considered
• Range of kiln types
• Range of capacities of plant
• Range of lime products and qualities
-
High calcium lime
-
Dolomitic lime
• Range of fuel types
-
Fossil (solid, liquid and gas)
-
Mixed fossil and biomass
-
Biomass
• Potential GHGs
-
•
•
•
•
CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, PFCs, HFCs
Plants that import kiln stone
Plants that manufacture non-kiln stone aggregates
Plants that have on-site electricity generation
Plants that manufacture downstream products
-
Downstream lime products
-
Other downstream products
• Ability to separately compare performance of quarry, kiln and downstream operations
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Lime GHG system boundaries
Kiln stone
preparation
Kiln
process
Downstream
processing
Scope 1
Direct emissions including extraction, quarry operations, transport
to stone processing plant, processing (washing, crushing,
screening), transport to the lime kiln
Fuels
Scope 2
Indirect emissions including extraction, quarry operations including
quarry dewatering, transport to stone processing plant, processing
(washing, crushing, screening), transport to the lime kiln
Electricity
Scope 3
Includes imported kiln stone extraction, quarry operations including
quarry dewatering, transport to stone processing plant, processing
(washing, crushing, screening), transport to the lime kiln
Fuels &
Electricity
Scope 1
Direct emissions from the manufacture of lime
Process CO2
Direct emissions from the production of LKD
Process CO2
Direct emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels
Scope 2
Indirect emissions from kiln operation and infrastructure
Scope 1
Direct emissions including transport to silos, grinding/milling,
hydrating or packing
Scope 2
Indirect emissions including transport to silos, grinding/milling,
hydrating or packing
Combustion
CO2 (Fuels)
Electricity
Fuels
Electricity
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Overview of methodologies
• Mass-balance-based method
- Input method
- Output method
• Continuous stack measurement method
Stack
emission
m CO2-stack
Kiln stone
m LS
Dedusting
system
Lime kiln
Run-Of-Kiln
(ROK) lime
Lime Kiln
Dust (LKD)
m LI-ROK
m LKD
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Verification of the method for determining
GHG emissions from the lime industry
Objectives
• Assess draft standard for Accuracy, Transparency,
Consistency, Relevance, Completeness and practicality
• Detailed assessment of the draft methodology for quantifying
direct GHG emissions from the lime kiln
• Input and output mass-balance-based methods
• Continuous stack measurement method
• Assess the draft methodology for quantifying direct non-kiln
GHG emissions and indirect GHG emissions
• An assessment of the relevance of non-CO2 GHGs
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Verification work packages
• Work package 1
Supervisor
• Work package 2
Stack emissions measurement
• Work package 3
On site operational data, sampling
and sample preparation
• Work package 4
Laboratory analysis
ISO 17025
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Verification test schedule
Plant A
Plant B
•
•
•
•
Parallel flow regenerative kiln (vertical kiln)
Single fuel fired (natural gas)
Kiln stone purchased from neighbouring quarry
High calcium quicklime and hydrated lime products
• Rotary kiln (horizontal kiln)
• Multiple fuel fired (coal, solvent waste, waste tyres,
biomass)
• Kiln stone purchased from neighbouring quarry
• Dolime product
Round 1
June 2013
Round 2
December 2013
Round 1
July 2013
Round 2
January 2014
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Verification test methodology
• Undertake a 48 hour mass balance based method
• Measure and analyse input and output streams:
• Kiln stone
• Run of kiln lime
• Lime kiln dust
• Kiln fuels
• Non-kiln fuels
• Electricity
• Continuous stack
emissions method
• Flow
• Composition
(CO, CO2 and non-CO2 GHGs)
• Determine CO2e emissions and measure uncertainty
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Verification test results
Round 2
Plant B
Plant A
Round 1
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Verification test development
• Findings from Round 1
• Mass-balance-based method provided a reliable measure of GHG emissions with
relatively low uncertainty
• Question about collection of all ROK in output method – due to hang ups in silo
• Unrepresentative measurement of stack gas flow
• Check representative measurement of CO2 content using FTIR
• Check low detection of methane <0.2% of total CO2e
• Detection limits for some non-CO2 GHG with high Global Warming Potentials
• Improvements for Round 2
• Ensure product silos are empty before test start and fully cleared following test completion
• Improve flow measurement position and increase frequency of measurement
• Include measurement of CO2 by non dispersive IR (EN 15058) as well as FTIR
• Include measurement of total VOCs (EN 12619) to confirm methane measurement
• Extend sampling periods for non-CO2 GHG (PFCs & HFCs) to reduce detection limits
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Plant A verification test results
Comparison of methods
±19.5% ±30.4%
±1.0% ±1.2%
±1.4% ±1.7%
±23%
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Plant B verification test results
Comparison of methods
±15.3% ±20.5%
±1.9% ±1.9%
±2.4% ±2.6%
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Verification test conclusions
• The draft standard was found to satisfy the requirements for Accuracy, Transparency,
Consistency, Relevance, Completeness and practicality
• The mass-balance-based input and output methods are workable, produce results in close
agreement and have reasonable levels of uncertainty, especially if conducted over 12
months
• The suitability of the stack measurement method is primarily dependent on the ability to
make a representative measurement of the carbon dioxide content of the exhaust gas and is
especially sensitive to its flow rate
• The stack measurement method requires sophisticated equipment, a high degree of
maintenance and often significant changes to the configuration of the flue gas pipes
• The verification tests show that the stack measurement method is likely to be subject to
greater uncertainty than the calculation-based methods. For stack measurement compliance
with reasonable uncertainty levels is likely to remain a challenge even when permanent
measurement systems are optimised for plant characteristics
• Excluding the non-CO2 GHGs, does not have a significant impact on the completeness of the
overall determination of GHGs
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Thank you !
Martyn Kenny, Sustainability director (Lafarge Tarmac)
Julien Coubronne, Environmental and industrial adviser (EuLA)
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Stack emissions test methods – Round 1
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Stack emissions test methods – Round 2
EN 15259 Stationary source emissions – Requirements for the measurement sections and sites
and for the measurement objective, plan and report
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Chemical analysis methods
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Fuel analysis methods
Sample
Property
Method
Natural Gas
Calorific value
EN ISO 6976-05
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