Monthly Safety Meeting
26 June 2014
Please sign roster
Before we begin…
• Please sign the safety meeting roster
– Used to log safety currency in eServices
• Safety Officer logs currency
– Only other means (not through safety officer) is
through on-line safety education course
• Safety currency necessary for participation in CAP
activities
– Can view most current briefing on squadron website.
– Current only after email sent to safety officer and
logged.
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Topics
• Foot injuries
• Lyme disease
• Effects of density altitude
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Foot Injuries
• Each of your feet has 26 bones, 33 joints, and
more than 100 tendons, muscles, and ligaments. A
lot of things can go wrong - few common problems:
–
–
–
–
–
Bunions: hard, painful bumps on the big toe joint
Calluses/corns: thickened skin from friction or pressure
Plantar warts: warts on the soles of your feet
Fallen arches: flat feet
Blisters
• Ill-fitting shoes often cause these problems. Aging
and being overweight also increase your chances of
having foot problems
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Foot Injuries
• What is a Foot or Ankle Sprain or Fracture?
– A foot or ankle sprain is a soft tissue injury.
– A sprain occurs when an injury pulls, stretches, or tears the ligaments
that connect bone to bone. A fracture is actually a break in the bone.
• Causes
– Injuries are the most common causes of foot and ankle sprains and
fractures. Many fractures and sprains occur during sports. Football and
soccer players are particularly vulnerable to foot and ankle sprains and
fractures. Basketball players are prone to ankle sprains, and runners
may develop stress fractures of the ankle or foot. Gymnasts and dancers
may also develop stress fractures.
– Tripping or stumbling on uneven ground is another common cause of
foot and ankle sprains and fractures.
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Foot Injury Symptoms and Care
• Symptoms
– Pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty walking on the affected foot or
ankle are the most common symptoms of a sprained or fractured foot
or ankle
• Home Care
– Foot or ankle, err on the side of caution. The acronym R-I-C-E can help
you remember what to do:
• Rest: Rest the affected area. Stay off the injured foot or ankle until it can
be fully evaluated. Walking, running, or playing sports on an injured foot
or ankle may make the injury worse
• Ice: Apply ice to the affected area as soon as possible, and reapply it for
15–20 minutes every three or four hours for the first 48 hours after injury.
Ice can decrease inflammation
• Compression: Wrap an elastic bandage (such as an Ace® wrap) around
the affected foot or ankle. The wrapping should be snug, but not so tight
as to cut off circulation
• Elevation: Elevate the affected extremity on a couple of pillows; ideally,
your foot or ankle should be higher than your heart. Keeping your foot or
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ankle elevated also decreases swelling
Foot Injuries
• Toe, Foot, or Ankle injuries most commonly occur during:
– Sports or recreational activities (CAP PT activities or encampment)
– Work related tasks
– Work or projects around the home
• Prevention
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Wear comfortable, supportive shoes
Wrap your ankle during activities where injury is a risk
Wear properly fitting shoes and socks to eliminate blisters
Remove clutter and obstacles from your work area and walking path
Do not walk barefoot
Stretch and warm up before and after any activity
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Lyme Disease
• Transmitted through the bite of infected blacklegged (Deer) ticks
– Caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi
• Symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin
rash
– If left untreated, infection can spread to joints, the heart, and the nervous
system.
• Diagnosed based on symptoms, physical findings (e.g., bulls-eye
rash), and the possibility of exposure to infected ticks
• Most cases can be successfully treated with a few weeks of
antibiotics
• Steps to prevent Lyme disease include using insect repellent,
removing ticks promptly, applying pesticides, and reducing tick
habitat.
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Lyme Disease
• Early localized stage (3-30 days post tick-bite)
– Red, expanding rash. Fatigue, chills, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes
• Erythema migrans (EM) or “bull’s-eye rash”
– Rash occurs in 70-80% of people. Begins after 3-30 days (avg is 7 days)
– Rash gradually expands over several days, can reach 12” across.
– Rash usually feels warm to the touch but is rarely itchy or painful
• Untreated, infection may spread to other parts of body
– Facial or Bell’s palsy (loss of muscle tone on one or both sides of face)
– Severe headaches, neck stiffness due to meningitis
– Pain and swelling in large joints; shooting pains interfering with sleep
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Preventing Tick Bites
• Avoid direct contact with ticks (woods and bushy
areas with high grass); walk in center of trails
• Repel ticks with 20% or more of DEET or Permethrin
• Find and remove ticks from your body
– Bathe or shower as soon as possible
(preferably within 2 hours)
– Conduct a full-body check (e.g., under
arms, behind knees, hair)
– Examine gear and pets (no free rides!)
– Tumble clothes in dryer on high heat for an hour to kill
remaining ticks
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Reported Cases of Lyme Disease - 2011
True / False
• Lyme disease
occurs throughout
US?
• Lyme disease is
transmitted from
person to person?
• Best way to remove
a tick is to grasp
tick close to skin
with tweezers and
pull straight away
from skin
• Tick must be
attached to skin for
>24 hrs before it
can transmit Lyme
disease
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Effects of Density Altitude
• Terms
– Indicated Altitude: altitude shown on altimeter
– True Altitude: height above mean sea level (MSL)
– Absolute Altitude: height above ground level (AGL)
– Pressure Altitude: indicated altitude when altimeter
is set to 29.92” Hg; used in acft performance
calculations and in high-altitude flight
– Density Altitude: pressure altitude corrected for
nonstandard temperature variations
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Why Does Density Altitude Matter?
• High density altitude = decreased performance
– High altitude = less dense air
– High temperatures = less dense air
– High humidity related to engine power vice aerodynamic
efficiency
• At 96oF, water vapor content can be 8X as great as at 42oF
• If high humidity, add 10% to computed takeoff distance
• Increased density altitude
–
–
–
–
Increased takeoff distance
Reduce rate of climb
Increased TAS (but same IAS) on approach / landing
Increased landing roll distance
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Density Altitude Charts
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Flight Planning - Density Altitude
• “Runway temperature” over a hot, paved surface
can be as much as 40oF greater than
temperature reported by sensors
– Consider running a 2nd set of T/O data at +40oF/20oC
• More doubtful the weather, the more
information you need to obtain
• If using cell phone, the 1-800-WX-BRIEF number
connects you with your cell phone’s area code
(might not be the one at your location)
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Review (4 questions on 2 slides)
Email answers to 4 questions:
[email protected]
1.
(Select the best answer) Foot injuries can be prevented by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
Wearing comfortable, supportive, and properly sized shoes
Stretching and warming up before and after your activity
Ensuring your work area and path is clear of clutter
All of the above
(Select the best answer) From this briefing, home care for foot injuries
needs:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Rest, Ice, Compression, Escalation
Cooling and Elevation
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
Reduced exercise and light bandaging
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Review (4 questions on 2 slides)
Email answers to 4 questions:
[email protected]
3.
Select all correct answers regarding Lyme disease:
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
Lyme disease is transmitted through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks
The rash looks like a spider web
The rash usually feels warm to the touch but is rarely itchy or painful
Find and remove ticks from your body
(Select the best answer) Increased density altitude causes the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Increased takeoff distance
Reduced rate of climb
Increased True Air Speed (TAS) on approach and landing
All of the above
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