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ULJKWWRYRWH6HYHQ\HDUVODWHU1RUZD\EHFDPHWKHILUVWLQGHSHQGHQWQDWLRQWRJUDQWIHPDOH VXIIUDJHZKLOHDOVRDOORZLQJZRPHQWRKROGSXEOLFRIILFH(Unit 8.2, p. 8) Ξ,ŝƐƚŽƌLJ^ĂŐĞ͘ĐŽŵϮϬϬϴ ͲϯϬͲ AP European History Comprehensive Exam #1 :KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJGDWHVGRHVWKHDERYHPDSEHVWUHSUHVHQWIRU(XURSH"(1996. 7KHPDSVKRZVFRXQWULHVLQHDVWHUQ(XURSHWKDWEHFDPHLQGHSHQGHQWDIWHUWKHIDOORIWKH 6RYLHW8QLRQLQ0RUHRYHUWKH&]HFK5HSXEOLFDQG6ORYDNLDEURNHDZD\IURPHDFK RWKHULQ7KHPDSDOVRVKRZVLQGHSHQGHQWFRXQWULHVZKHUH<XJRVODYLDRQFHVWRRG LQFOXGLQJ%RVQLDZKLFKZRQLWVLQGHSHQGHQFHLQWKHPLGV ,QFRQWUDVWWRDUWLVWVGXULQJWKHODVWKDOIRIWKHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXU\%DURTXHDUWLVWV% depended primarily on wealthy donors from the aristocracy,QFRQWUDVWWRWKH%DURTXHHUD ZKHUHZHDOWK\IDPLOLHVJRYHUQPHQWVDQGWKH&DWKROLFFKXUFKVSHQWHQRUPRXVVXPVRI PRQH\SDWURQL]LQJWKHYLVXDODUWVDUWLVWVE\WKHODWHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXU\SURGXFHGDUWIRUDUW¶V VDNH$UWLVWVZKRSURGXFHGUHDOLVWLPSUHVVLRQLVWDQGSRVWLPSUHVVLRQLVWZRUNVZHUHXVXDOO\ QRWZRUNLQJRQEHKDOIRIDSDWURQEXWUDWKHUKRSHGWRVHOOWKHLUSDLQWLQJVWRWKHJHQHUDO SXEOLF7KHPLGGOHFODVVLQSDUWLFXODUEHFDPHDQHZDQGLPSRUWDQWFRQQRLVVHXURIODWH QLQHWHHQWKFHQWXU\DUW(Unit 7.2, pp. 12-13) :KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJEHVWVXPPDUL]HVWKHSRLQWRIWKLVFDUWRRQE\6LU-RKQ7HQQLHO" 'Kaiser Wilhelm II was assuming more authority in the German Empire through the resignation of Otto von Bismarck. +RSLQJWRJDLQPRUHVXSSRUWIURPWKHZRUNLQJFODVVHV WKH\RXQJ.DLVHU:LOKHOP,,UHPRYHG%LVPDUFNIURPKLVSRVLWLRQDV&KDQFHOORU%LVPDUFN KDGSODQQHGWRRXWODZWKH6RFLDO'HPRFUDWLF3DUW\63''LSORPDWLFDOO\%LVPDUFN¶V UHPRYDOSURYHGXQIRUWXQDWHDVWKHFDUHIXOO\FRQVWUXFWHGEDODQFHRISRZHULQ(XURSHWKDWKDG ODUJHO\EHHQHQJLQHHUHGE\KLPVRRQEHJDQWRXQUDYHOUHVXOWLQJLQLQWHUQDWLRQDOLQVWDELOLW\ WKDWZRXOGEHDFDXVHRI:RUOG:DU,(Unit 8.2, p. 6) .DUO0DU[DQG9ODGLPLU/HQLQERWKEHOLHYHGWKDWLPSHULDOLVPZDVWKHORJLFDO RXWJURZWKRI(capitalism.,QDas Kapital, 0DU[DUJXHGWKDWWKHERXUJHRLVLHQHHGHG FRQVWDQWO\H[SDQGLQJPDUNHWVWRLQFUHDVHLWVSURILWV7KLVZRXOGLQWXUQOHDGWRWKHFRQTXHVW RIOHVVGHYHORSHGSHRSOHV/HQLQVDZLPSHULDOLVPOHDGLQJWRFRORQLDOULYDOULHVDQGZDU7KH 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DORQJOLEHUDODQGGHPRFUDWLFOLQHV+HSURSRVHGIUHHGRPRIWKHVHDVDQGWKHHOLPLQDWLRQRI HFRQRPLFEDUULHUVVXFKDVWDULIIVDQGTXRWDV+HDOVRXUJHGVHOIGHWHUPLQDWLRQIRUODUJH JURXSVRIHWKQLFPLQRULWLHVZKRZHUHFXUUHQWO\VXEMXJDWHGE\HPSLUHV$ORQJWKHVDPHOLQHV KHVRXJKWPRUHIUHHGRPVIRUSHRSOHLQFRXQWULHVFRORQL]HGE\(XURSHDQV0RVWLPSRUWDQWO\ WR:LOVRQKHVRXJKWDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOFROOHFWLYHVHFXULW\RUJDQL]DWLRQWKDWZRXOGSUHVHUYH SHDFHDQGHFRQRPLFSURVSHULW\DIWHUWKHZDU7KLVLGHDEHFDPHWKH/HDJXHRI1DWLRQVEXW LURQLFDOO\WKH86QHYHUMRLQHG(Unit 9.1, pp. 10-11) ,QZKLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJZD\VGLG:RUOG:DU2QHWUDQVIRUP(XURSHDQVRFLHW\"'It ended the rule of long-standing dynasties in central and eastern Europe.:RUOG:DU, SURYHGWREHDSROLWLFDOZDWHUVKHGDVWKH\HDU5RPDQRYG\QDVW\\HDU+RKHQ]ROOHUQ G\QDVW\DQG\HDU+DSVEXUJG\QDVW\ZHUHDOOUHPRYHGIURPSRZHU,QDGGLWLRQWKH 2WWRPDQ(PSLUHLQ(XURSHVLQFHZDVQRZFRPSOHWHO\UHPRYHG(Unit 9.1, pp. 12-13) Ξ,ŝƐƚŽƌLJ^ĂŐĞ͘ĐŽŵϮϬϬϴ ͲϯϮͲ AP European History Comprehensive Exam #1 7KH)UHQFK5HYROXWLRQDQGWKH%ROVKHYLN5HYROXWLRQZHUHVLPLODULQWKDWWKH\% caused a dramatic decrease in the influence of the nobility. 7KHQRELOLW\ZDVYLUWXDOO\ DEROLVKHGDIWHUWKH%ROVKHYLN5HYROXWLRQZKLOHPDQ\QREOHVIOHGIRUWKHLUOLYHVGXULQJWKH )UHQFK5HYROXWLRQ$:KLOHWKH%ROVKHYLN5HYROXWLRQZDVFDXVHGE\LQWHUQDWLRQDOZDUV :RUOG:DU,WKH)UHQFK5HYROXWLRQZDVQRW&:KLOHWKHERXUJHRLVLHOHGWKH)UHQFK 5HYROXWLRQWKHPLGGOHFODVVZDVGHPRQL]HGE\WKHFRPPXQLVW%ROVKHYLNV'$QGZKLOH WKH)UHQFK5HYROXWLRQHDUO\RQHQMR\HGVXSSRUWIURPDPDMRULW\RIWKHSRSXODWLRQWKH %ROVKHYLNVZHUHDOZD\VLQWKHPLQRULW\( $PDMRUWDUJHWRI6WDOLQ¶VZUDWKGXULQJWKH6RYLHWFROOHFWLYL]DWLRQRIDJULFXOWXUHZDV WKH'kulaks. ³.XODN´ZDVDWHUPXVHGWRSHMRUDWLYHO\UHIHUWRDZHDOWKLHUSHDVDQWZKR RSSRVHG6WDOLQ¶V)LYH<HDU3ODQV6WDOLQKDGRUGHUHGIDUPHUVLQWKH6RYLHW8QLRQWRMRLQ FROOHFWLYHIDUPV7KHNXODNVZKRKDGVRPHSURSHUW\VWRRGWRORVHPXFKLQFROOHFWLYL]DWLRQ DQGUHVLVWHGWKHSURJUDP,QUHVSRQVH6WDOLQVRXJKWWROLTXLGDWHWKHNXODNVDVDFODVV %HWZHHQVHYHQDQGWHQPLOOLRQNXODNVGLHGLQ8NUDLQHLQWKHHDUO\VDVDUHVXOWRID IRUFHGVWDUYDWLRQVSRQVRUHGE\6WDOLQ(Unit 10.1, pp. 6-7) 7KHPRVWQRWRULRXVH[DPSOHRIDSSHDVHPHQWGXULQJWKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\RFFXUUHGDW WKH%Munich Conference.,Q$GROI+LWOHUGHPDQGHGIURP&]HFKRVORYDNLDDVWULS RILWVWHUULWRU\²WKH6XGHWHQODQG²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¶VSROLF\RIDSSHDVHPHQWEHFDPHDQRWRULRXVH[DPSOHRIKRZ QDLYHO\SODFDWLQJUXWKOHVVGLFWDWRUVFRXOGOHDGWRGLVDVWHU(Unit 10.2, p. 5) 7KHWKRUQ\LVVXHRI86)UHQFKDQG%ULWLVKIRUFHVLQ:HVW%HUOLQGXULQJWKH&ROG :DUZDVHVVHQWLDOO\VHWWOHGE\$the building of the Berlin Wall8QWLO(DVW*HUPDQ\ 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