1st International Symposium on Fishing Vessel Energy Efficiency – Vigo, Spain, 18th - 20th of May 2010
Coriolis Fuel Mass Flow Metering
for Fishing Vessels
www.ismar.cnr.it
Antonello Sala, Francesco De Carlo, Gabriele Buglioni
[email protected]
National Research Council (CNR) – Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Ancona, Italy.
Coriolis Fuel Mass Flow Measuring System (CorFu-m)
In the current study, the real challenge consisted in measuring the
fuel consumption of fishing vessels during different fishing
operations, and then produce an absolute daily energy
consumption.
A prototype instrument, named CorFu meter (CorFu-m), was
conceived at CNR-ISMAR Ancona (Italy) and installed on board
two semi-pelagic pair trawlers.
The CorFu-m system consists of three components:
a) two mass flow sensors. The sensors use the Coriolis
measuring principle, which permit to operate independently of
the fluid’s physical properties, such as viscosity and density. It
is an economical alternative to conventional volume
flowmeters;
b) one Multi Channel Recorder;
c) one GPS data logger.
Future works
1. Improve the CorFu-m;
2. Energy audit (use a portable fuel monitoring system):
3. Analysis of potential fishing gear design and engineering topics:
• Ways to decrease gear drag by fishing gear design optimisation;
• Ways to decrease gear drag by hydrodynamical optimisation;
• Ways to decrease gear drag by gear replacement.
4. Collection of new, detailed information by fishery (métier) and by type
of vessel.
10th International Workshop Methods for the development and evaluation of maritime technologies – DEMaT 11 –
Split, Croatia - October 26-28, 2011
Analysis of energy use in Italian
fishing vessels
Antonello Sala, Emilio Notti, Gabriele Buglioni
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL – INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCES (ISMAR)
ANCONA (ITALY)
www.ismar.cnr.it - [email protected]
Tel. +39 (071) 2078841
Rationale: crisis of fishing industry
Main factors affecting
fishing industry
Influence on
fishing activities
 Overfishing
 World economic crisis (fishermen do not have any
influence in the market)
Revenue
 Increasing in fuel price
 Fishing vessels not efficient usually because of
outdated technology
Profitability Index
Costs
Management costs:
Fuel
55%
Crew
30%
Maintenance 10%
Other
5%
 European Commission restrictions related to the actual overfishing;
 impossible to fish more;
 fishermen do not have influences on the market prices;
A possible solution is to reduce running costs by reducing fuel consumption
Rationale: energy saving strategy
The solution is to reduce costs by reducing fuel consumption
We need:
1. to define how energy is used during fishing activities
2. to identify heavy energy users
3. to analyze potential technical improvements
4. to draft a business plan for potential improvements
It is necessary a methodical approach to evaluate
best energy improvement strategy.
the
Definition of Energy Audit
Regulatory references
 Council Regulation (EC) Nr. 2371/2002, Art. 33: “Conservation and
sustainable exploitation of fisheries”;
 Council Regulation (EC) Nr. 744/2008 del 24/07/2008: “A Community
contribution should also be provided for collective actions aimed at
delivering expertise to vessel owners in relation to energy audits for
vessels”.
Energy audit is a systematic approach to evaluate energy
consumption in fisheries.
Objectives
 to define the energetic profile of the fishing vessel trough energy
indicators;
 to identify technological improvements;
 to evaluate technical and economical benefits of improvements.
Energy Audit of a fishing vessel
1. Preliminary investigation and inspection of fishing
vessel;
2. installation of the instrumentations on board of
fishing vessel;
3. sea trials during commercial cruises;
4. data post-processing;
5. evaluation of energy performance indicators;
6. evaluation of energy profiles obtained.
Measurement system: instrumentation installed
Instrumentation
Parameter
Fuel flow meters
Fuel consumption
Torque meter and shaft RPM counter
Delivered power
Oil flow and pressure meter
Hydraulic power
Ammeter claws
Electric power
Strain gauges
Gear drag
GPS
Position, course, speed
Gear monitoring system
Trawl geometry
Measurement system: data acquisition software
Fuel
consumption
Hydraulic
power
Drag
resistance
during
fishing
Shaft power
Electric
power
Data
acquisition
software
Data acquisition system conceived at CNR–ISMAR
 Post-processing and data synchronization;
 Control of the correct functioning of the acquisition;
 Data recording rate of 5 seconds.
GPS
Measurement system: acoustic flow meters
Measurement system: torque meter
Strain gauge
Measurement system: torque meter
RPM counter
Measurement system: hydraulic and electric power meter
Oil flow rate
Pressure
Flow meter and pressure: hydraulic power for deck
machinery
Ammeter claws: electric power used onboard
Measurement system: gear drag sensors
Mass flow sensors mounted onboard a fishing vessel for the
measurement of fuel consumption
Multi channel recorder: visualization of the fuel consumption
GPS data logger for the GPS data collection
Main characteristics of the vessels monitored
OTB1
LOA
[m]
21.50
PTM1
28.60
LPP
[m]
17.02
21.20
OTB2
22.80
19.58
6.21
91
574
PTM2
28.95
24.32
6.86
138
940
1.80
2.20
OTB3
21.50
17.02
5.72
82
478
1.78
PTM3
26.50
21.46
6.80
96
870
2.20
OTB
PTM
LOA
LPP
B
GRT
PB
D
B
[m]
5.72
6.85
GRT
[GT]
82
99
PB
[kW]
478
940
D
[m]
1.78
2.18
bottom otter trawler
midwater pair trawler
length overall
length between perpendiculars
beam
international gross tonnage
brake power
propeller diameter
Energy performances indicators
Energy Consumption
Indicator (ECI)
By fishing phase (e.g. sailing, trawling)
ET
FC
PD
v
Total energy
Total fuel consumption
Power delivered
Vessel speed
Fuel Consumption
Indicator (FCI)
Results: trawling phase
1.5
OTB1
PTM1
OTB2
PTM2
OTB3
800
PTM3
600
1.0
PD [kW]
ECI [kJ/(kW·kn)]
700
0.5
500
400
300
200
0.0
2500
3500
4500
5500
6500
7500
100
2500
8500
3500
4500
45
165
40
140
35
115
FC [l/h]
FCI [l/(kW·kn)]
6500
7500
8500
6500
7500
8500
TTF [kgf]
TTF [kgf]
30
90
65
25
20
2500
5500
3500
4500
5500
TTF [kgf]
6500
7500
8500
40
2500
3500
4500
5500
TTF [kgf]
PD power delivered; FC fuel consumption; TTF total towing force; ECI energy
consumption index; FCI fuel consumption index; OTB bottom otter trawler; PTM
mid-water pair trawler.
Results: trawling phase
Average values for one hour of trawling phase.
VS vessel speed; PD power delivered; FC fuel consumption; TTF total towing force;
ECI energy consumption index; FCI fuel consumption index; OTB bottom otter trawler;
PTM mid-water pair trawler.
VS
[kn]
PD
[kW]
FC
[l/h]
TTF
[kg]
ECI
[kJ/(kW·kn)]
FCI
[l/(h·kW·kn)]
OTB1
3.81
248.3
59.8
3994
0.67
31.5
PTM1
4.31
390.6
104.8
5693
0.61
31.1
OTB2
3.83
333.1
63.7
3802
0.79
28.0
PTM2
4.42
620.4
126.1
7225
0.91
36.5
OTB3
3.71
284.6
61.4
3865
0.81
34.0
PTM3
4.84
390.8
126.6
5260
0.50
30.4
 PTM are more energy-intense than OTB;
 OTB2 has both the lowest gear drag and fuel consumption;
 PTM2 has both the highest gear drag and fuel consumption.
Results: sailing phase
0.5
OTB1
PTM1
OTB2
PTM2
OTB3
1200
PTM3
PTM1
OTB2
OTB3
PTM3
800
PD [kW]
0.3
0.2
0.1
600
400
200
0.0
0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
VS [kn]
30
OTB1
PTM1
OTB2
PTM2
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
VS [kn]
OTB3
300
PTM3
25
250
20
200
FC [l/h]
FCI [l/(kW·kn)]
PTM2
1000
0.4
ECI [kJ/(kW·kn)]
OTB1
15
PTM1
OTB2
PTM2
OTB3
PTM3
150
10
100
5
50
0
OTB1
0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
VS [kn]
11.0
12.0
13.0
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
VS [kn]
PD power delivered; FC fuel consumption; VS vessel speed; ECI energy
consumption index; FCI fuel consumption index; OTB bottom otter trawler; PTM
mid-water pair trawler.
Results: sailing phase
Estimated value at 10 kn, average values for one hour of sailing phase.
PD power delivered; FC fuel consumption; ECI energy consumption index; FCI fuel
consumption index; OTB bottom otter trawler; PTM mid-water pair trawler.
PD
FC
ECI
FCI
[kW]
[l/h]
[kJ/(GT·kn)]
[l/(h·GT·kn)]
OTB1
217
54.1
1.33
64.5
PTM1
366
94.0
1.93
95.9
OTB2
268
55.4
1.51
59.7
PTM2
378
84.5
1.41
61.3
 OTB1 and OTB2 have similar fuel consumption;
 PTM1 and PTM2 have similar power request;
 PTM2 has lower fuel consumption than PTM1.
Results: ranking for vessels monitored
ECI of trawling and sailing conditions have been pooled.
PD power delivered; FC fuel consumption; ECI energy consumption index; FCI fuel
consumption index; OTB bottom otter trawler; PTM mid-water pair trawler.
Sailing
ECI(S)
Fishing
FCI(S)
ECI/FCI
Rank
[kJ/(kW·kn)] [l/(h·kW·kn)]
ECI(F)
FCI(F)
ECI/FCI
Rank
[kJ/(kW·kn)] [l/(h·kW·kn)]
OTB1
0.23
11.1
2.07
3
0.67
31.46
2.13
3
PTM1
0.20
10.1
2.01
2
0.61
31.08
1.96
2
OTB2
0.24
9.5
2.52
5
0.79
28.03
2.82
6
PTM2
0.21
9.0
2.31
4
0.91
36.50
2.48
5
OTB3
0.44
15.1
2.92
6
0.81
34.59
2.34
4
PTM3
0.19
13.0
1.44
1
0.50
30.37
1.65
1
Reactions after energy audits
 PTM2 changed the propeller, which has the same diameter
and lower pitch;
 OTB2 made the fishing gear bigger;
 Both PTM2 and OTB2 requested a second energy audit after
the implementation of the abovementioned modifications;
 All the fishermen reduced the steaming speed;
 Another fisherman requested an energy audit in order to
evaluate the best option between an auxiliary engine or an
hydraulic power generator coupled to the main engine.
Main conclusions
 Monitored fishing vessels were not so efficient because of
outdated technology. Restrictions on new constructions impose
modernizations;
 Energy saving is the key to maintain acceptable and sustainable
profitability in fisheries;
 An energy saving strategy is necessary in order to find potential
areas of improvements;
 Gains in propulsive efficiency during free navigation might be
attained using a controllable pitch instead of a fixed pitch
propeller, which can permit an optimum combination of pitch
ratio and propeller revolutions for each operating condition;
 In the steaming conditions fuel saving can be obtained by
reducing vessel speed;
 Other energy users (hydraulic and electric users) did not show
to have noticeably influenced energy consumption, compared to
the propulsion system.
Website on Energy Efficiency in Fisheries