OMAN COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
General Foundation Program
Level 1 Reading Worksheet No.7
Topic/s: Unit 7 Food, drink, and culture
Read and answer the questions below:
Cambridge University needs chocolate researcher
The job of a lifetime is currently on offer for those with a sweet tooth. Cambridge University in
the U.K. has just posted a position on its careers website advertising for a researcher of
chocolate. Chocolate lovers with a scientific mind will have the chance to apply for a job as a
researcher and study for a PhD. The successful candidate will investigate the properties that
make chocolate melt. Their objective will be to stop chocolate melting in warmer climes. The
careers post states: "The project will investigate the factors which allow chocolate, which has a
melting point close to that of the human body, to remain solid and retain qualities sought by
consumers when it is stored and sold in warm climates."
The position involves three-and-a-half years of experimenting with how chocolate melts in the
mouth and in different temperatures. The university says applicants require good mathematical
skills. There is a lot of science behind the consistency and melting point of chocolate. A variety
of oils and fatty acids are used to control how hard or soft chocolate is when we bite into it, and
when it melts. Chocolatiers spend a lot of money on research and development to get the blend
right so that the chocolate melts in the mouth. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology says:
"Melting is especially important because it controls how well the chocolate disperses and
releases flavour onto your tongue."
http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/1408/140819-researcher.html#ixzz3q8raBJzD
A. Choose the correct answers
1. Cambridge University is looking for
a. a chocolate factory
b. a chocolate researcher
c. a chocolate drinker
d. a chocolate shop
2. What is the objective of the job?
a. to investigate where chocolate come from
b. to study how to stop chocolate from melting
c. to make hot chocolate and chocolate bars
d. to eat as much chocolate as they can
3. What is the requirement of the University?
a. good at making hot chocolate skills
b. good at selling chocolate skills
c. good at business and commerce
d. good at mathematics
4. Oil and fatty acids are
a. used to control the sweetness of chocolate
b. used to make chocolate more delicious
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OMAN COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
General Foundation Program
c. used to control the texture of the chocolate
d. used to control eating lots of chocolates
5. Melting is important
a. because it controls the taste and flavor of chocolates
b. because it helps the person to finish eating the chocolate
c. because chocolate needs to melt to drink
d. because chocolate is very hard
B. Answer the questions.
1. What is on offer for those with a sweet tooth?
2.
What kind of mind will chocolate-loving applicants need?
3.
What qualification could the researcher eventually achieve?
4.
What will researchers try to stop chocolate doing in warmer climates?
5.
What temperature is similar to the melting point of chocolate?
6.
How long is the research position for?
7.
What do chocolatiers spend money on getting right?
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OMAN COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
General Foundation Program
Vocabulary List
1. fridge – a device or room that is used to keep things cold
2. journey – an act of traveling from one place to another
3. disadvantage – something that causes difficulty
4. climate – the average weather conditions of a place over a period of years
5. imported – brought into a country usually for selling
6. ingredient – one of the things that is used to make food
7. trade – the business of buying and selling items
8. pollution – the process of making land, water, air etc dirty or not safe to use
9. reduce – to make smaller or less
10. international – involving two or more countries
Pre-Reading Activity Food from other countries (refer to page 40)
Read “Food miles: from field to plate” and answer the questions below (please refer
to page 41 of your book)
1. What is a food mile?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the disadvantages of the system for farmers and consumers?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Where does the food in the UAE come from?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. What are the worrying reasons for food miles?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Which food has a better taste?
____________________________________________________________________________
Refer to page 45 and answer Review number 2 about coffee.
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OMAN COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
General Foundation Program
Jazz has been called “the art of expression set to music”, and “America’s great contribution to
music”. It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of fairly widespread public
response, in the “jazz age” of the 1920s, in the “swing era” of the late 1930s and in the peak
popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated
around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to
Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime,
marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early sounds
goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New
Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real Jazz
musician, around 1891.
What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of
improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire
piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was
written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of
skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Actually, many of the early Jazz
musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn’t even read music at all. Generally
speaking, these early musicians couldn’t make very much money and were stuck working
menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such
memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small bands
and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater success.
This music is known as “hot Jazz” due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic drive.
A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New
Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all
time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other
talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music.
1. The Passage answers which of the following questions?
(a) Why did Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues lose popularity after about
1900?
(b) What were the origins of Jazz and how did it differ from other forms of music?
(c) What has been the greatest contribution of cornet players to music in the
twentieth century?
(d) Which early Jazz musicians most influenced the development of Blues music?
2. According to the passage, Jazz originated in
(a) Chicago
(b) St. Louis
(c) along the Mississippi river
(d) New Orleans
3. The word “welded” in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(a) squeezed
(b) bound
(c) added
(d) stirred
4. Which of the following distinguished Jazz as a new form of musical expression?
(a) the use of cornets
(c) improvisation
(b) “hot Jazz”
(d) New Orleans
5. The word “skeletal” in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(a) framework
(c) basic
(b) musical
(d) essential
6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(a) many early Jazz musicians had poor sight
(b) there is no slow music in Jazz
(c) many early Jazz musicians had little formal musical training
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OMAN COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
General Foundation Program
(d) the cornet is the most common musical instrument used in Jazz
7. The word “menial” in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(a) mens
(b) attractive
(c) degrading
(d) skilled
8. According to the passage, which of the following belonged to the second wave of New
Orleans Jazz musicians?
(a) Louis Armstrong
(c) St. Louis
(b) Buddy Bolden
(d) Joe Oliver
9. All of the following are true EXCEPT
(a) the late 1930s was called the “swing era”
(b) “hot Jazz” is rhythmic
(c) Jazz has been said to be America’s greatest contribution to music
(d) Joe Oliver is generally considered to be the first real Jazz musician
10. The word “its” in line 21 refers to
(a) small bands
(b) earlier music
(c) men
(d) earlier musicians
11. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
(a) “improvisation” (line 12)
(b) “traditional” (line 12)
(c) “composer” (line 12)
(d) “score” (line 14
TOEFL Reading Practice
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