UPPER-INTERMEDIATE GROUP 2016-2017 SPRING SEMESTER
MORE TO READ 2 VOCABULARY JOURNAL FOR THE ACTIVE VOCABULARY LIST
FIRST SPAN
Word
Part of Speech and
Different Forms
Meaning
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ 2
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix, register,
connotation etc.)
COMPLETE THE VOCABULARY JOURNAL FOR THE TEXTS BY FILLING IN THE BLANKS.
27 Who Talks More, Men or Women?
______________________
involve
(v) (T)
______________________
determine
interactive
respond
+ Ving
to be involved in sth.
their play involves more
doing than talking
________________________
_______________________
_
involvement (n)
_____________________
_____________________
involvement with s.o.
emotional involvement
________________________
_______________________
_
(v) (T)
_____________________
_____________________
_
to determine our character
________________________
________________________
_
determination (n)
_
_
the determination of our
character
________________________
________________________
Suffix: -tion
(adj)
_
interactive toys
________________________
________________________
_
interaction (n)
describes a system or computer
program which is designed to
involve the user in the
exchange of information
_
__________________
__________________
_____________________
_____________________
________________________
________________________
_
interactively (adv)
_
_
_
_
(v) (I)
____________________
to respond to sth.
to respond by Ving
____________________
The program lets you work
through a text interactively,
correcting as you go along.
To every question, he
responded "I don't know."
response (n)
_
response to sth.
_____________________
Her proposals met with an
enthusiastic response.
_
1
_
Word
Part of Speech and
Different Forms
Meaning
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ 2
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix, register,
connotation etc.)
to be not like something or
someone else, either
physically or in another way.
X differs from Y
X and Y differ in …
women’s speech differ from
men’s speech
His views differ considerably
from those of his parents.
differences (n)
_
differences between X and Y
_
differences between men’s and
women’s speech
different (adj)
_
X is different from Y
_
differently (adv)
_
X … differently from Y
_
the right of different groups
of people to have a similar
social position and receive
the same treatment
equality between …
racial equality
equal (adj)
_
to be equal with others
_
equally (adv)
_
_
_
to take part in something, to
be included in something
to be involved with sth.
women’s speech is different _
from men’s speech
women speak differently from _
men
equality between the sexes
Synonym:
sameness
Antonym:
inequality Prefix: in
All people are equal with each _
other, deserving the same rights.
In an ideal world, would _
everyone get treated equally?
She's been involved with animal Synonym:
rights for many years.
engaged in
involve (v) (T)
_
to involve s.o. in sth.
_
involvement (n)
_
_
_
If someone has a tendency to
do or like something, they
will probably do it or like it.
._
a tendency + to V1
28 Language and Sex
differ
equality
involved
tendency
verb (v)
intransitive (I)
(n)
(adj)
(n)
tend (v) (I)
to tend + to V1
to claim equality
to be involved with childrearing
to have a tendency to use
fewer standard forms
_
2
Synonym:
vary
Antonym:
match
Suffix:
-ence
It would be difficult not to _
involve the child's father in the
arrangements.
Being on the committee is one
Suffix:
involvement.
-ment
His tendency to exaggerate is Synonym:
well known.
propensity
inclination
We tend to get cold winters and _
warm, dry summers in this part
of the country
Word
Meaning
Collocation
to succeed in finishing
something or reaching an aim,
especially after a lot of work
or effort
_
_
(adj)
seeming likely to be true, or
able to be believed
_
plausibly adv)
_
to explain plausibly
enable
(v) (T)
to make someone able to do
something, or to make
something possible
to enable s.o. + to V1
communication will enable
her to respond
efficiently
(adv)
to make a return by some action
as if in answer in the best
possible manner with the least
waste of time and effort
_
to respond efficiently to the
wishes of others
_
_
(of two or more people or
groups) feeling the same
emotion, or doing the same
thing to or for each other
_
mutual understanding
mutual love
achieve
Part of Speech
and Different
Forms
(v) (T)
achievement (n)
plausible
efficient (adj)
mutual
(adj)
mutually (adv)
Use in MORE TO READ 2
to achieve social status/a
degree
_
_
a plausible explanation
_
_
_
mutual understanding
_
3
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix, register,
connotation etc.)
The government's training Synonym:
policy, he claimed, was attain
achieving its objectives.
achievement of social status Suffix:
(noun)
-ment
She had a plausible explanation Synonym:
for why she was late; there had believable
been a big accident on the road. Antonym:
implausible Prefix: im
The police took the young man _
to the station as he was unable to
plausibly explain what had
happened on the night of the
murder.
Computerization should enable Synonym:
us to cut production costs by facilitate
half.
Antonym:
prevent
The new secretary responds to Synonym:
the needs of our office very effectively
efficiently.
Antonym:
inefficiently Prefix: in
an efficient response
_
Theirs was a partnership based
on mutual respect, trust and
understanding.
Synonym:
shared
It will be a mutually beneficial _
project.
Word
Part of Speech Meaning
and Different
Forms
29 Do Men and Women Speak The Same Language ?
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ 2
judge
(v)
to form an opinion about sb /
sth, based on the information
you have
to judge sb/ sth by sth
to judge+question word
to judge+that
arise
(v)
If sth. arises from a situation,
event, etc, it is caused or
started by that situation etc.
to arise from sth.
1. to say or do sth to stop sb
when they are speaking or
concentrating on sth
2. to stop sth for a short time
to interrupt sb / sth
(with sth)
interrupt
(v)
Judging by the misinterpretation,
misunderstanding and general
mystification that can arise from
a single simple sentence, there
are grave reasons for doubt.
Judging by the misinterpretation,
misunderstanding and general
mystification that can arise from
a single simple sentence, there
are grave reasons for doubt.
They also find interrupting
tricky.
interruption (n) -raise
(v)
To mention sth for people to
discuss or sb to deal with
elaborate
(v)
to add more information to
or explain sth that you have
said
very
complicated
and
detailed; carefully planned
and organized
elaborate (adj)
to raise a topic / a According to sociologist Jennifer
question / a subject / an Coates, when a woman in a group
issue
raises a topic, the others…
to elaborate (on / upon
sth)
to elaborate sth
(v)
contradiction
(n)
contradictory
(adj)
discrepancy (n)
You should never judge a person by
their looks.
It’s difficult to judge whether the
new
system
really
is
an
improvement.
Can we begin by discussing matters
arising from the last meeting?
Emotional or mental problems can
arise from a physical cause.
She tried to explain, but he
interrupted her in mid-sentence.
The game was interrupted several
times by rain.
We can talk here without
interruption.
He did not raise the subject again.
Synonym: bring up
He said he had new evidence, but
refused to elaborate any further.
This point needs greater elaboration.
elaboration (n)
contradict
Miscellaneous (antonym,
synonym, suffix, prefix,
register, connotation etc.)
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
to say that the opposite of
what sb said is true
to contradict sth
to contradict sb /
yourself
But one thing she won't do is
flatly contradict the previous
speaker and abruptly change the
subject.
contradiction between
A and B
a difference between things
that should be the same
He didn’t
parents.
dare
contradict
his Synonym: disagree,oppose
There is a contradiction between the
two sets of figures.
We are faced with two apparently Synonym: conflicting
contradictory statements.
discrepancy between A
and B
4
Word
Part of Speech
and Different
Forms
Meaning
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ 2
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix, register,
connotation etc.)
137 Africa’s Dry Lands
impaired
(adj)
impair (v)
hazard
damaged or not functioning
properly
to damage sth or make it not as
good as it should be
recur (I)
(v)
constraint
(n)
deterioration
(n) (U)
to impair sth
hazard to sb / sth
fire / safety hazard
(n)
hazardous (adj)
…many will suffer impaired
health….
dangerous, esp. to people’s
health or safety
to happen again
sth that limits your freedom to
do what you want
deteriorate (v)
to become worse
degradation
(n)
diminish (I)
(v)
the process of sth being
damaged or made worse
to become less
foremost
(adj)
the most important or famous
measure
(n)
an action, esp an official one,
that is intended to deal with a
particular problem
However, the drought hazard
in Africa….
Hazardous waste / chemicals
a recurring illness / problem /
nightmare
constraint on
financial / environmental /
political etc constraints
deterioration (in sth)
They are the end results of a
long deterioration in the …
impaired vision / memory
The condition doesn’t seem to
impair his ability to work.
Growing levels of pollution
represent a serious health hazard
to the local population.
It would be hazardous to invest
so much.
We must make sure that the
problem does not recur.
Constraints on spending have Synonym : restriction
forced the company to rethink its
plans.
a serious deterioration in
relations between the two
countries
The
weather
deteriorated
rapidly, so the game was
abandoned.
environmental degradation
drastic / tough / extreme etc ….unless serious measures
measures
are taken….
to take measures to do sth
to take measures against sth
5
These drugs diminish blood
flow to the brain.
one of the country’s foremost
authorities on chemical welfare
Measures are being taken to
reduce crime in the city.
Synonym : reduce ;
decrease
Synonym : leading ;
top
Synonym : ________
Word
Part of Speech
and Different
Forms
Meaning
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ 2
to imagine a particular
situation or to think about
something in a particular way
to include a wide range of
ideas, subjects, etc
conceive sth.
conceive (that)
conceive what/how,etc.
to encompass sth
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix, register,
connotation etc.)
140 Causes of Endangerment
conceive
(v.)
encompass
(v.)
conservation
(n.)
the protection of natural things
such as animals, plants, forests
etc, to prevent them being
spoiled or destroyed
However, endangerment ought to
be conceived in a broader context,
one that encompasses habitats.
Although the development of
special breeding programs (also
known as captive conservation)
may help some species in some
cases, it is….
The study encompasses the
social, political, and economic
aspects of the situation.
-wildlife conservation
-conservation efforts
We
must
woodlands
generations.
conserve (v)
(over)exploitat (n.)
ion
Many people can't conceive of a
dinner without meat or fish.
a situation in which you treat
someone unfairly by asking
them to do things for you, but
give them very little in return
if you undergo a change, an
unpleasant experience etc, it
happens to you or is done to
you
undergo-
(v.)
accelerate
(v.)
if a process accelerates or if
something accelerates it, it
happens faster than usual or
sooner than you expect
adjust
(v.)
to gradually become familiar
with a new situation; adapt
potent
(adj.)
powerful and effective
When the pace of change is greatly
accelerated, there may be no time
for individual species to react and
adjust to new circumstances, and
the effects can be disastrous.
…there is no force more potent than
human beings.
6
conserve
our
for
future
The film industry thrives on the
sexual exploitation of women.
the controlled exploitation of
resources
undergo a change/transformation
undergo
treatment/surgery/an
operation
undergo tests/trials
undergo training
-measures to accelerate the rate
of economic growth
They'll soon settle in - kids are
very good at adjusting to
changes.
Advertising is a potent force in
showing smoking as a socially
acceptable habit. to a great
extent
Synonym: preserve,
protect
Word
Part of Speech
and Different
Forms
Meaning
up to a particular degree
to a great
extent
apply
(v.)
to be relevant, useful, or
appropriate; go for
induce
(v.)
to cause a particular physical
condition
detect
(v.)
to notice or discover
susceptible
(adj)
likely to suffer from a
particular illness or be affected
by a particular problem
disrupt
(v.)
utilization
(n.)
to prevent something from
continuing in its usual way by
causing problems
making practical and effective
use of smtg.
put smtg. in
jeopardy
(n.)
jeopardize (v.)
transmit a
disease
Collocation
(v)
Use in MORE TO READ 2
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
To a greater or lesser extent, every
part of the earth has been affected
by human activities, especially
during this past century.
He is right to some extent. I
agree with you to some extent.
… they are highly susceptible to
destruction because the soils in
which they grow are poor in
essential nutrients.
The word overexploitation refers
to the utilization of a species at a
rate that is likely to cause its
extreme endangerment or outright
extinction.
Pollution, too, has seriously
jeopardized a number of
terrestrial species along with
species living in freshwater and
marine ecosystems.
to put smtg. at risk or danger
to risk losing or spoiling
something important
Do the same rules apply to parttime workers?
The offer only applies to flights
from London and Manchester.
Patients with eating disorders
may use drugs to induce
vomiting.
drug-induced/stress-induced
a drug-induced coma
-difficult / impossible / easy
/possible to detect
-detect a change/difference
Older people are more
susceptible to infections.
Soil on the mountain slopes is
very susceptible to erosion.
Climate change could disrupt
the agricultural economy.
This is why the administration
and utilization of land is a very
important undertaking and
needs to be treated as such.
The killings could put the whole
peace process in jeopardy.
Thousands of jobs are in
jeopardy.
-large-scale military offensives
which could jeopardize the UN
peace process
-transmit an infection
to pass a disease to another
person; to cause to spread or
pass on a disease
7
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix, register,
connotation etc.)
Word
Part of Speech
and Different
Forms
Meaning
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ 2
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix, register,
connotation etc.)
141 The Era of High-Tech Pollution
dump (v.) (n.)
v: to throw away, discard, get
rid of, cast aside, dispose of
Recyclable materials are being
dumped or disposed of because of
a lack of effort.
-a garbage dump; a nuclear waste
dump.
component
(n.)
n: a place where unwanted
waste is taken and left;
junkyard
act or process of discarding,
dumping or getting rid of smtg.
a part or element of a larger
whole
emphasis on
smtg. (n.)
a special notice or importance
given to something
It emphasizes the software's
convenience and ease of use.
-to do smtg. with ease
She gave up smoking with ease.
disposal (n.)
40 A Good Life
attain
(v) (T)
attainable (adj.)
steady
contribute
to
(adj)
phrasal v. (T) (I)
the disposal of radioactive waste
-key/major/important component
Exercise is one of the key
components of a healthy lifestyle.
to reach a particular level, age,
size etc.
attain sth
The people of the Caucasus
Mountains of southern Russia
have long been famous for
attaining extremely old ages.
_________________________
_________________________
__
_________________________
_
_________________________
_
to be one of the causes of an
event or a situation
attainable goals / target /
objectives
8
Synonym:
____________
This standard is easily attainable
by most students.
Their lives are regulated by the
rising of the sun, the steady
rhythm of the growing cycle,
the harvest, and the setting sun.
_______________________
_______________________
_
After a year, she had attained her
ideal weight.
The cheetah can attain speeds of
up to 97 kph.
____________________
____________________
Synonym: constant
Smoking contributed to his early
death.
Synonym:
________________
Word
Part of Speech
and Different
Forms
Meaning
longevity
(n)
living for a long time
inclination (n) (C) (U)
____________________
____________________
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ 2
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix, register,
connotation etc.)
To what do you attribute your
longevity?
inclination to do sth
____________________
____________________
He didn’t show the slightest
inclination to leave.
Synonym:
________________
________________
inclined to do sth
inclined (adj)
consistent
(adj)
consistency (n)
always behaving in the same
way, or having the same
opinions, standards, etc.
_________________________
-
They’ll be more inclined to listen
if you don’t shout.
____________________
____________________
She’s not very consistent in the
way she treats her children.
-
We need to ensure the consistency
of service to our customers.
Synonym:
_______________
_________________________
adjust
(v) (T) (I)
stable
(v) (T)
stability
mutual
retain
(adj)
____________________
____________________
… the body and its digestive
system to become entirely
adjusted.
_
…
a
stable
environment with
expectations.
steady and not likely to move or
change
_
____________________
mutually (adv)
done or experienced equally by
two people
(v) (T)
to keep sth.; to continue to have
sth
cultural
certain
political / economic /
social stability
mutual support / respect /
understanding
retain sth
This provides a large network
of people with mutual rights
and obligations.
-
________________________
_____________________
9
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
Synonym:
_______________
Synonym:
___________
The country is now enjoying a
period of relative stability and
prosperity.
Mutual respect is necessary for
any partnership to work.
Can we find a mutually
convenient time to meet?
You have the right to retain Synonym: preserve
possession of the goods.
Word
Part of Speech and Meaning
Different Forms
45 Time As A Social Construction
perceive
(v) (T)
perception (n)
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ 2
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix, register,
connotation etc.)
_______________
_______________
_
time is not perceived in the
same way
___________________
___________________
_
_
_________________
perception of time
These photographs will affect
Suffix:
________
people's perceptions of war.
vary
distinction
precisely
norms vary from culture to
culture
________________________
_______________
Synonym:
_________
_________
_
to vary between …
to vary from X to Y
to vary according to …
to vary with …
_
the variation of norms
____________________
_
various (adj)
______________
_
various norms
_____________________
Synonym: ________
variety (n)
_
_
________________
Work on the production line is
monotonous and lacks variety.
_
(n)
a difference between two
similar things
to make distinctions
between X and Y
____________________
____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Suffix:
-tion
distinct (adj)
_
__________________
__________________
_
There are two distinct factions
_
(v) (I)/(T)
______________
______________
variation (n)
within the one political party.
(adv)
______________
_
____________________
What do you think the
problem is, precisely?
precise (adj)
._
_
precise
schedules/terms/measureme
nts
The bunker's precise location
is a closely guarded secret.
10
Synonym:
___________
___________
Antonym: _______
Prefix: _____
Word
violate
universal
particular
consistent
appreciate
Part of Speech and Meaning
Different Forms
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ 2
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix, register,
connotation etc.)
Synonym:
Antonym:
(v) (T)
______________
______________
_
to violate the rules
_______________________
_______________________
violation (n)
_
_
____________________
Suffix:
-tion
(adj)
_____________
_____________
_
universal terms/standards
He claimed that the way he'd
been treated was a gross
violation of his
civil/constitutional/human
rights.
a universal truth
universally
(adv)
_
_
_
people universally agree on
this
_
(adj)
____________
____________
in particular (especially)
____________________
She wanted a particular type
of cactus.
Synonym:
_________
_________
particularly
(adv)
_
_
_
_______________________
_______________________
Synonym:
________
(adj)
always behaving or happening in
a similar
_
____________________
______________________
______________________
consistently
(adv)
_
_
consistently late/negative
attitude
______________________
______________________
Antonym:
___________
Prefix: _____
Synonym:
____________
Antonym:
____________
(v) (T)
______________
______________
______________
______________
appreciate that + SVO
appreciate Q.W. + SVO
to appreciate cultural
differences
___________________
___________________
Synonym:
__________
appreciation(n)
_
appreciation of sth
appreciation for sth.
in appreciation
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
_
11
Synonym:
_________
Word
Part of Speech
and Different
Forms
Meaning
121 Brain Gene “Clue To Aging”
to keep something; to continue
retain
(v)
to have something
retention (n)
associated
(adj)
deterioration
(n)
deteriorating
(adj)
deteriorate (v)
124 Healing Ilnesses
Cure (n.)
the continued use, existence or
possession of something or
someone
if one thing is associated
with another, the two things are
connected because they happen
together or one thing causes the
other
-
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
a medicine or medical treatment
that makes an illness go away
to make an illness or medical
condition go away; heal
to think about smb./smtg. in a
particular way
smtg. that is done to cure smb.
who is injured or ill
regard
treatment (n.)
treat (v)
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ 2
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix, register,
connotation etc.)
--
retain strong mental capacity
--
synonym: preserve (v)
-
retain strong mental capacity
to retain your independence
Two influential senators have
argued for the retention of the
unpopular tax.
to retain your independence
--
significant nerve cell
changes associated with
ageing
the risks associated with
taking drugs
synonym: connected
(adj)
--
to show greater deterioration
than sth.
--
--
a serious deterioration in
relations between the two
countries
deteriorating weather
conditions
--
--
Her health deteriorated
rapidly, and she died shortly
afterwards.
a cure for smtg.
There is still no cure for
AIDS.
to cure smb./smtg. (v.)
Many types of cancer can now
be cured.
90% of patients can be cured
of the disease.
He is widely regarded as the
father of international law.
There have been great
advances in the treatment of
cancer.
He was given emergency
treatment by paramedics.
Nowadays, malaria can be
treated with drugs.
to regard smb./smtg as
smtg. (v.)
to treat smb. with smtg.
(v.)
12
synonym: preserve (v)
Word
Part of Speech
and Different
Forms
feature (n.)
attempt
detect
Meaning
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ 2
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
a typical quality or an important
part of smtg.
an act of trying to do smtg.
an attempt to do smtg. (n.)
to try to do stmg.
to attempt to do smtg. (v.)
He attempted to escape
through a window.
to discover or notice smtg., esp.
smtg. that is not easy to see,
hear, etc.
to detect smtg. (v.)
This special camera can detect
movement.
The test is used to detect the
presence of alcohol in the
blood.
Miscellaneous
(register, antonym,
synonym, connotation
etc.)
Our latest model has
several new features
All attempts to control
inflation have failed.
Two factories were closed in
an attempt to cut costs.
2 The Thrill of Shoplifting
distinct
(adj)
distinctly
(adv)
manipulate
(v) (T)
resist
(v) (T)
irresistible
(adj)
___________________
___________________
_
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
distinct from sth
to be distinct
___________________
___________________
(adj)
___________________
__________________
__________________
_
the first distinctly modern
crime
___________________
___________________
_
manipulate sth./ s.o. (into
doing sth.)
to manipulate the senses of
the shoppers
___________________
___________________
_
to resist temptation
___________________
___________________
Synonym:
___________________
___________________
_
an irresistible attraction X
resistible
___________________
___________________
a recognized condition
___________________
___________________
recognized
Synonym:
_
___________________
___________________
13
__________________
__________________
Antonym:
__________________
__________________
_
Word
Part of Speech
and Different
Forms
suffer from
(v) (I)
Meaning
___________________
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ 2
suffer from sth
to suffer from an addictivecompulsive disorder
___________________
(adj)
addictive
___________________
(v)
___________________
_
an addictive-compulsive
disorder
(n)
___________________
to include s.o/sth as/in/on
sth
to include professional
criminals
(adj)
___________________
_
an estimate
___________________
_
to feel neglected
(v)
___________________
to neglect a person/ duties/
feelings
___________________
_
to intervene
(v)
___________________
_
(adj)
___________________
___________________
___________________
_________________
_
_
Suffix:
-ence
___________________
_
_
___________________
To provide s.o/ sth with sth
to provide shops with a new
generation of sensor tags
___________________
reluctant
_________________
___________________
___________________
provide
___________________
___________________
___________________
intervention (n)
___________________
Antonym:
___________________
_
___________________
intervene
_
___________________
___________________
neglect (v)
___________________
___________________
___________________
neglected
___________________
___________________
___________________
estimate
___________________
Miscellaneous
(register, antonym,
synonym, connotation
etc.)
_
___________________
___________________
include
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
to be reluctant to pursue
criminal cases
___________________
___________________
Synonym:
_________________
_________________
Antonym:
_________________
_________________
14
Word
Part of Speech and Meaning
Different Forms
Collocation
reason
(v)
_
___________________
Use in MORE TO READ 2
to reason that the cost is not
worth the gain
___________________
worth
(adj)
___________________
intense
___________________
Miscellaneous
(register, antonym,
synonym, connotation
etc.)
_
___________________
_
to be (not) worth the gain
___________________
20 Factors Influencing Pro-Social Behavior
(v)
to meet somebody, or discover
encounter
or experience something,
especially somebody/ something
new, unusual or unexpected
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
___________________
_
___________________
--
to encounter an ambiguous
emergency situation
-She was the most remarkable
woman he had ever
encountered.
(adj)
very great; very strong
--
extremely intense emotions
intensify (v)
to increase in degree or strength;
to make something increase in
degree or strength
--
--
intensive (adj)
involving a lot of effort or
activity in a short period of time
--
--
-an intensive course in English
intensely (adv)
--
--
--
-She disliked him intensely.
intensity (n)
the quality of being felt strongly
or having a very strong effect
--
something that is your job or
duty to deal with
to take responsibility for
s.o.’s actions
responsibility+ to infinitive
responsibility for sth.
responsible for sth.
to take responsibility for
one’s actions
to be responsible for a
difficulty/ problem
-Mike is responsible for
designing the entire project.
-
-
-to act responsibly
synonym: come
across (ph.v)
____________________
____________________
responsibility
(n)
responsible
(adj)
____________________
____________________
____________________
-intensity of feeling
-____________________
____________________
____________________
responsibly
(adv)
_____________________
15
prefix: ir
Word
assess
Part of Speech
and Different
Forms
(v)
assessment (n)
Meaning
to make a judgment about the
nature
or
quality
of
somebody/something
____________________
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ 2
assess s.o./ sth
assess s.o./sth as sth
to assess a person
--
--
deprive
_________________
_________________
to evacuate the lands
_
_
the evacuation of the lands
__________________
__________________
to deprive s.o. of sth.
______________________
deprivation (n)
_
deprivation of sth
deprived (adj)
_
_
inherent
existing as a natural or basic
part of something
_
_
_
(v) (T)
(adj)
inherently
(adv)
____________________
____________________
synonym:
evaluation
____________________
__________________
__________________
evacuation (n)
(register, antonym,
synonym, connotation
etc.)
____________________
____________________
44 The Mountain People-IK
evacuate
(v) (T)/(I)
Miscellaneous
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
The police evacuated the _
village shortly before the
explosion.
_______________________ Suffix: -tion
_
He claimed that he had been
deprived of his
freedom/rights.
_____________________
Suffix: -tion
_
____________________
_
I have an inherent distrust of
lawyers.
Synonym:
intrinsic
_______________________
_
_____________________
_
_
regard
(v) (T)
to consider or have an opinion
about something or someone
Regard s.o./sth. With sth.
to regard children with joy
_______________________
_______________________
_
seek
(v) (T)
_________________.
_
to seek help
Synonym: ________
consider
(v) (T)
_________________
_________________
________________
________________
consider + object + (to be) + to consider someone’s
noun or adjective
behavior natural
to take sth into consideration _
_______________
_______________
_
Legal advice should be
sought before you take any
further action.
We don't consider her
suitable for the job.
_______________________
_______________________
_
He's considerably fatter than
he was when I knew him.
consideration
(n)
considerably
(adv)
_
16
Antonym: ________
_
Synonym: _________
Synonym:
___________
Word
Part of Speech
and Different
Forms
attitude
(n)
flourish
(v) (I)
51 Culture and Fieldwork
customary
(adj)
custom (n)
Meaning
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ 2
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix, register,
connotation etc.)
_
a feeling or opinion about sth
or sb, or a way of behaving that
is caused by this
__________________
__________________
to have a(n) adj attitude
to/towards sth./s.o.
a change in/of attitude
_
__________________
_______________________
_______________________
prostitution flourishes among
the young girls.
_______________________
_______________________
______________
______________
to participate in sth.
customary behavior
She's not her customary
cheerful self today.
Suffix: -ary
_________________
_________________
custom + to infinitive
local customs
________________________
________________________
Synonym:
________
_
prevalent
(adj)
existing very commonly or
happening often
_
___________________
___________________
________________________
________________________
Synonym:
_________
prevail
(v)/(I)
__________________
__________________
to prevail among a group of
people
_____________________
_____________________
This attitude still prevails
among the middle classes.
_
prevailing (adj) existing in a particular place
or at a particular time
the prevailing attitude
_________________
(adj)
_________________
_
prevailing fashion/economic
climate
________________________
________________________
_
the inevitable
inevitable
consequence/confrontation
________________________
________________________
Synonym:
______________
inevitably (adv) _
_
Their arguments inevitably
end in tears.
_
inevitable
employ
(v) (T)
to use sth.
employment (n) _
confide
_
_
to employ strategies
________________________
_
employment of sth.
employment of strategies
______________________
______________________
Suffix:
________
____________________
____________________
He confided (to her) that his
hair was not his own.
_
______________________
Synonym: _______
(v) (T)
________________
________________
to confide sth. to s.o.
to confide in s.o.
confidential(
adj)
secret, often in a formal,
business or military situation
_
confidential information
17
Word
Part of Speech
and Different
Forms
Meaning
Collocation
dismiss
(v) (T)
_____________________
_____________________
to dismiss sth from s.o.’s mind to dismiss a concern
_
_
______________________
______________________
________________________
________________________
_
(v) (T)
____________________
____________________
_
______________________
______________________
________________________
________________________
_
suspension (n)
_
_
the suspension of research
___________________________
_____________________
_
dismissal (n)
suspend
Use in MORE TO READ 2
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
________________________
________________________
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix, register,
connotation etc.)
_
21 The Study of Behavior
distinction
____________________
distinction (between X and Y)
make/draw a distinction
____________________
clearly different or of a
different kind
distinct from sth.
(adv)
--
independently (of sth. /s.o.)
independent
(adj)
____________________
independent (of s.o./sth)
(adj)
____________________
(n)
distinct (adj)
independently
mature
--
an independent child
____________________
____________________
maturation (n)
the distinction between the
two types of behavior
the process of becoming or
the distinction between formal
and informal language
The results of the survey fell
into two distinct groups.
The two departments work
independently of each other
____________________
____________________
mature behavior
a mature and sensible attitude
---
--
cell maturation
being made mature
instinctive
(adj)
instinct (n)
identical
(adj)
based on instinct and not
involving thought
____________________
____________________
similar in every detail
an instinctive behavior
by instinct
instinct to do sth.
instinct for sth.
identical to s.o./ sth
identical with s.o./ sth
behavior based on instinct
identical activity
a mother's instinctive love
Animals have a natural instinct
for survival.
____________________
____________________
18
antonym:
dependent
prefix: im
Word
substitute
Part of Speech
and Different
Forms
(v)
substitution (n)
substitute (n)
artificial
(adj)
artificially (adv)
innovative
(adj)
innovation (n)
Meaning
Collocation
to take the place of
somebody/something else; to
use somebody/something
instead of
somebody/something else
the use of one person or thing
instead of another
substitute for s.o./ sth
substitute A for B
substitute B with/by A
substitute s.o./ sth
--
-
a thing or person that is used
instead of another thing or
person
made by people, often as a
copy of something natural
--
--
--
Use in MORE TO READ 2
to substitute porcelain eggs
for a bird’s eggs
(v)
--
artificial eggs
--
--
introducing or using new
ideas, ways of doing
something, etc…
--
____________________
innovation (in sth.)
provide
(v)
provision (n)
satisfy
(v)
satisfaction (n)
to vary between two particular
amounts, sizes, etc.., including
others between them
to give something to
somebody or make it available
for them to ue
____________________
____________________
to provide what is wanted,
needed or asked for
____________________
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix,
register, connotation
etc.)
Nothing can substitute for the
advice your doctor is able to
give you.
Margarine can be substituted
for butter in this recipe.
the substitution of low-fat
spreads for butter
____________________
____________________
innovative nest
--
___________________
range
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
an artificial heart, an artificial
lake
artificially created lakes
There will be a prize for the
most innovative design
an age of technological
innovation
to range from sth. to sth.
to range from the very hot to
very cold
Accommodation ranges from
tourist class to luxury hotels.
to provide something for
somebody
to provide somebody with
something
--
provide shelter for people
____________________
____________________
-to satisfy man’s needs/ a
drive
--
---
____________________
19
synonym: supply
The government is responsible
for the provision of health care.
to satisfy demand/ s.o.’s
hunger/ the requirement
to gain/ get/ derive satisfaction
from sth.
with satisfaction
prefix: dis
Word
require
Part of Speech
and Different
Forms
(v)
requirement (n)
obtain
(v)
Meaning
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ
2
to need something; to depend
on somebody/something
require sth
require s.o./ sth to do sth
something that you must have
in order to do something else
--
to require food
--
to get something, especially by
making an effort
to obtain food
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix, register,
connotation etc.)
____________________
____________________
What is the minimum entrance
requirement for this course?
____________________
____________________
that you can get, buy or find
--
_______________________
--
22 Addictive Personality
addictive
(adj)
___________________
_
associated
___________________
___________________
addictive behavior
associated with food
_
associated with food
available
(adj)
availability (n)
(adj)
available food
--
___________________
relieve
(v)
___________________
___________________
relief (n)
abuse
(v)
abusive (adj)
available resources/ facilities
to make available
to become available
the availability of cheap
flights
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
relieve someone of
something
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
_
to relieve anxiety
___________________
relief from anxiety
20
___________________
___________________
substance/alcohol abuse
___________________
___________________
an abusive relationship
___________________
___________________
He becomes abusive when he
is drunk.
_
Synonym:
___________________
Synonyms:
___________________
Synonym:
___________________
Synonym:
___________________
___________________
_
Word
Part of Speech
and Different
Forms
23 Schizophrenia
deterioration (n.)
Meaning
Collocation
Use in MORE TO READ 2
to become worse; to worsen
Some are clearly the result of
organic
deterioration
or
damage of the brain.
an apparent inability to live up
to the expectations of society
without feeling guilty.
…approximately half of the
hospital beds occupied by
psychiatric patients.
deteriorate (v.)
live up to
(phr. verb)
to be as good as expected
occupy
(v.)
to fill, exist in, or use
a place or period of time
peculiar
(adj.)
unusual and strange, sometimes in
an unpleasant way
______________________
______________________
(adj.)
distort (v.)
Miscellaneous
(antonym, synonym,
suffix, prefix, register,
connotation etc.)
-We’ve seen a deterioration
in relations between the
countries.
-Ethel’s health has
deteriorated.
-The film has certainly lived
up to my expectations.
-The bathroom is occupied I think John's in there.
-It's peculiar that they
didn't tell us they were going
away.
-You couldn't help but
be aware of the
peculiarity of the situation.
peculiarity (n.)
distorted
Extra Examples from
Dictionaries
Distorted perceptions are
shown in responses to the
projective tests.
to change from the usual, original,
natural, or intended form
-Advertisements usually
distort the truth.
-He is under the delusion that
I am going to cheat him.
-Her eyes filled with tears of
rage and frustration.
distortion (n.)
delusion
(n.) (C) (U)
a false idea or belief
rage
(n.)
anger
onset
(n.)
liable
(adj.)
considerable
(adj.)
the moment at which something
unpleasant begins
likely to be affected or harmed by
something
having large or noticeable
importance
Their emotions often seem
inappropriate, showing great
anxiety or rage for no apparent
reason.
the onset of sth
liable to do sth
considerable
amount/number etc
of sth
21
-the onset of winter
These cases are more liable to
develop systematic delusions.
-He's liable to make a fuss if
you wake him.
-We've saved a considerable
amount of money.
Synonym:
substantial,
significant