Applied Mechanics and Materials
ISSN: 1662-7482, Vols. 423-426, pp 1132-1136
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.423-426.1132
© 2013 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
Online: 2013-09-27
A Review of Durability Research of Concrete Bridge
Jingmei Bian1,a
Quan Bai 2,b
Yumei Kang3,c Jun Zhang3,d
(1.
School of Economic and Management, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 110142,
China;
2.
School of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, 110870, China;
3.
School of Resources &Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 110142, China)
a
[email protected], b [email protected], c [email protected], d [email protected]
Keywords: concrete bridge; durability; maintenance decision; review
Abstract: Concrete bridges are most widely used all over the world, it has important practical
significance to research the durability. In this paper, research progress home and abroad of
durability and maintenance decision for concrete bridge is summarized. The main problems in
research are pointed out and future research tendency is discussed. The content of this paper has
good reference value for correlation study.
Introduction
Improving of durability will be one of the important marks of technological progress in bridge
engineering domain of the 21st Century. Haifan Xiang academician, the expert of bridge
engineering points out that in China, the span of bridge is large but the durability is poor, and in the
next 30 years, we should quickly enhance the quality and durability and overtake advanced level of
the world[1]. In 1990s, monographic study of bridge durability began in our country.
Concrete bridge is in the majority of all the bridges. In 1989, concrete bridges accounts for 70%
of bridges in Europe. In the United States, concrete bridges accounts for 52%. In China, the number
is more than 90%[2]. Until 2011, the number of highway bridge reached 689.4 thousand, and the
total length is 33494.4 thousand m[3]. The number of concrete bridge is increasingly large. Besides
effects of multiple environmental factors, bridges are subjected to repeated action of vehicle load,
together with overload, the deterioration law of concrete bridge durability is more complicated.
Because of the large number, the widely region concerned, the serious influence on safety and
fluency of transportation as well as the vast and numerous of repaired expenses, the diseases of
concrete bridge has become the global issues common concerned. It has great practical significance
to research the durability of concrete bridge.
Research Status of Concrete Bridge Durability
Researches of concrete durability started from 1940s[4].Concrete bridge is the widely used bridge
structure, and it's durability problem is extensively concerned. In 1950s, concrete durability began
to be concerned internationally. Approximately in 1960s~1970s, durability issues of concrete
bridges largely emerged. About at in 1980s, Europe and the United States widely began to attach
importance to bridge durability. In 1990s, China started special research on bridge durability
problem. Along with the theory study development of concrete durability[4-17][37-44], durability
research of reinforced concrete bridge has been conducted from multiple aspects[18-36][45-58].
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Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 423-426
1133
Durability research of concrete bridge in foreign countries
Durability research of concrete structure in foreign countries can trace back to 1940s, french
engineer Veica published the first work about concrete corrosion failure caused by seawater[4].
Subsequent researches of concrete durability grossly developed from four levels, that is,
environment, materials, component and structure[5-10]. Recently, durability researches on structure
level are less. It is noteworthy that the concrete durability researches under coupling effect of
multiple factors are gradually carried out[11][15-17].
About the durability of concrete bridge, J. de Brito holds that important measures keeping bridge
durability should be taken through the whole stage from design to construction to maintenance[18].
D. Cusson studied the durability and remain life of concrete bridge under concrete carbonization,
reinforcement corrosion and freeze-thaw cycles respectively[19-22]. Ray evaluated durability of high
performance concrete bridge deck[23], Macía researched sustained and durability design of concrete
bridge in cold region considering frost-freeze-thaw cycles, abrasion of river water and ice, surface
deterioration-drying wetting alternate and change of temperature, salt accumulation, reinforcement
erosion-chloride and concrete carbonization[25]. Yail J. Kim summarized key factors influencing
bridge deterioration by detecting all bridges in the coldest Dakota of America[27]. Overload effects
the durability of bridge greatly, statistics of James McLinn indicates that overload is an important
reason of bridge collapse[28]. Paul N. Roschke1 developed experiment of overload and ultimate load
as well as nonlinear finite element analysis using a 3/10 scale model of post-stressed concrete slab
bridge[29]。Gongkang Fu investigated live-load model concluding overload truck, reliability model,
admissible overload coefficient and resistance coefficient evaluating the safety of highway
bridges[30]. Han Ug Bae discussed load distribution coefficient considering overloading[31].
Durability research of concrete bridge in China
In China, durability research of concrete structure started from 1960s. Nanjing water conservancy
science research institute studied carbonization and reinforcement corrosion of concrete structure[5].
In 1994, national basic research major project(climbing program)“safety and durability basic
research of great civil engineering and hydraulic engineering”obtained many valuable results[5].
Evaluation standard and design code of concrete structure were successively published. Recently,
concrete durability researches considered multiple environment factors coupling effect and
environment-load coupling effect are gradually active[40-44]. Wei Sun academician described the
necessity of durability research under environment-load coupling effect[40]. For more than ten years,
with experimental and theoretical method, Wei Sun together with her students developed many
researches of concrete durability under multiple factors coupling effect, such as bending
load-chloride,
freeze-thaw
cycles-chloride
attack-load,
bending
load-sulfate-dry-wet
[41][42][44]
cycling
, and many valuable conclusions have been obtained. For example, deterioration rate
and degree of concrete performance under double-factor and three-factor damage effect both large
than that of superposition of single factors, namely injury compound effect, durability of structural
concrete should fully consider the influence of load[40][52][64].
Chun Liu summarized the development status of prestressed concrete bridges at home and
abroad[45][46]. He thought the cause of durability failure is insufficient considering of multiple
influence factors, such as service life, deicing salt, combined effect of vehicle overload and fatigue
load, and so on. Durability researches of concrete structure system conclude two parts: durability
design for new structures and durability evaluation for in-service structures. Weiliang Jin presented
a improved multi-level fuzzy evaluation model[48]. Yuqian Wang investigated and analized
durability index systems of concrete bridge at home and abroad[49]. So far, there is still not relatively
ideal concrete durability evaluation mode. In practical engineering application, mostly evaluates
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Applied Materials and Technologies for Modern Manufacturing
concrete durability with AHP based on experience judgment. Airong CHen compiled durability
design guide of highway bridge concrete structure[50].Bridge overloading is more and more
common, but related research are not adequate[51-55]. An investigation by Bohai Ji indicated that
overload is one of important causes of internal bridge collapses recent years[57]. Xiaoyan Sun
investigated the effect of overload on bridge flexural behavior and carrying capacity[52-53]. The
results show that bridge durability research should not neglect the influence of overload. She also
studied the influence of operation with overload on service performance of existing bridges[53].
Jianren Zhang examined structural reaction of existing concrete bridge under the effect of
transfinite load by way of real bridge destructive test, and analyzed the influence on structural
damage accumulation[54]. Jinxin Gong carried out statistical analysis of vehicle load data in
overload non-controlling area and toll-by-weight area as well as in overload controlling area[55].
Chunfen Wang evaluated durability and safety of railway concrete bridges in drought region[56].
Yafei Zhao discussed design technologys improving concrete structural durability of alpine
region[57]. Xiaoyan Sun summarized durability research progress of concrete bridges in coastal and
offshore areas[58].
To sum up, there is some progress in domestic concrete structural damage and deterioration under
coupling effect of environment-load at present. Most durability tests of concrete bridges didn’t
consider combined effect of multiple environment factors or environment-load. Concrete bridges in
real operation state endure complicated environment effect together with stress cycle of vehicle load,
the deterioration rate of durability and carrying ability is obviously faster than that of single
environment effect, thus, it is urgent to carry out relative research. Researches of overload on bridge
durability still have not been started. Durability research of concrete bridge in certain service
environment has been started and needs further deep works.
Problems and Research tendency
(1)There is difference in durability between concrete bridge and common concrete structures. But
so far, durability researches according to concrete bridges are not adequate, especially system
research for those bridges work in specific environment.
(2)Now, internal and external durability researches of concrete bridges mainly consider single
environment factors, which can not accord with the multiplicity of damage factors for practical
engineering and always lead to larger deviation between evaluating durability or in-service life and
real conditions. The key problem is to determine the injury composite effect of various damage
factors, investigate the durability deterioration law of bridge and the relationship between durability
and multi-factor coupling effect.
(3)Bridge Overloading is increasingly common and the harmfulness can not be neglected, but
relative research is still less. Previous bridge deterioration model didn’t consider overload effect,
while recent researches mostly concentrate in flexural behavior, carrying ability and safety. The
influence research of overload on bridge durability is nearly blank, which become a good research
direction.
Acknowledgment
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51204029; No.
51008053) and the Scientific Research Foundation for Doctors of Shenyang University of Chemical
Technology.
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 423-426
1135
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Applied Materials and Technologies for Modern Manufacturing
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A Review of Durability Research of Concrete Bridge
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.423-426.1132
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