Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Table of Contents
Chapter Preview
5.1 Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table
5.2 Ionic Bonds
5.3 Covalent Bonds
5.4 Bonding in Metals
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Chapter Preview Questions
1. The atom is made of protons, electrons, and
a. valence electrons.
b. neutrons.
c. molecules.
d. ions.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Chapter Preview Questions
1. The atom is made of protons, electrons, and
a. valence electrons.
b. neutrons.
c. molecules.
d. ions.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Reactant atoms and molecules interact to form
products with
a. identical physical properties.
b. different physical properties.
c. identical chemical properties.
d. different chemical properties.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Reactant atoms and molecules interact to form
products with
a. identical physical properties.
b. different physical properties.
c. identical chemical properties.
d. different chemical properties.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Chapter Preview Questions
3. In chemical reactions, the number of atoms
a. varies according to the elements involved.
b. changes from one reactant to another.
c. stays the same.
d. depends on atom arrangement.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Chapter Preview Questions
3. In chemical reactions, the number of atoms
a. varies according to the elements involved.
b. changes from one reactant to another.
c. stays the same.
d. depends on atom arrangement.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Chapter Preview Questions
4. Compounds are formed by
a. combining two or more different elements.
b. bombarding atoms with high-speed particles.
c. combining two or more different nuclei.
d. dissolving a solid in a liquid.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Chapter Preview Questions
4. Compounds are formed by
a. combining two or more different elements.
b. bombarding atoms with high-speed particles.
c. combining two or more different nuclei.
d. dissolving a solid in a liquid.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
How do compounds form?
Water is a compound made from
the elements hydrogen and
oxygen. How do the properties
of water differ from those of the
elements that it is made up of?
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
High-Use Academic Words
Word
conduct
Definition
Example Sentence
v. To allow something to
travel along or through it
Metal strips on a circuit board
conduct electric current.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
High-Use Academic Words
Word
stable
Definition
Example Sentence
adj. Not easily or quickly
changed from one state
to another
Gold is a stable metal that
does not rust or tarnish.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
High-Use Academic Words
Word
structure
Definition
Example Sentence
n. The way in which parts
of something are put
together.
The outside structure of the
building is made of brick and
concrete.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
High-Use Academic Words
Word
symbol
Definition
Example Sentence
n. A written sign that
stands for something else.
The symbol for the element
oxygen is O.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Apply It!
Choose the word that best completes the sentence.
1. “H” is the
for hydrogen.
symbol
2. The
of an atom consists of a nucleus of protons and
neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of moving electrons.
structure
3. Platinum jewelry lasts a long time because the metal is very
stable
.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
End of Chapter
Preview
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Section 1:
Atoms, Bonding, and
the Periodic Table
How is the reactivity of elements related to valence
electrons in atoms?
What does the periodic table tell you about the atoms of
elements?
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Valence Electrons and Bonding
The number of valence electrons in an atom of an element
determines many properties of that element, including the
ways in which the atom can bond with other atoms.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
How the Periodic Table Works
The periodic table reveals the underlying atomic structure of
atoms, including the arrangement of the electrons.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Periodic Table Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and
access Active Art about the periodic table.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
The Periodic Table
As the atomic number increases, the number of electrons
also increases. As a result, the properties of the elements
change in a regular way across a period.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
End of Section:
Atoms, Bonding, and
the Periodic Table
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Section 2:
Ionic Bonds
How do ions form bonds?
How are the formulas and names of ionic compounds
written?
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Ions and Ionic Bonds
You and a friend walk past a market that sells apples for 40
cents each and pears for 50 cents each. You have 45 cents
and want an apple. Your friend also has 45 cents but wants a
pear.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Ions and Ionic Bonds
When an atom loses one of its electrons, it becomes a
positively charged ion. The atom that gains the electron
becomes a negatively charged ion.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Ions and Ionic Bonds
Ions are atoms or groups of atoms
that have lost or gained electrons.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Ions and Ionic Bonds
Ionic bonds form as a result of the attraction between
positive and negative ions.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Properties of Ionic Compounds
In general, ionic compounds are hard, brittle solids with high
melting points. When melted or dissolved in water, they
conduct electric current.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Links on Ionic Compounds
Click the SciLinks button for links on ionic compounds.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Salt
Click the Video button to watch a movie about salt.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
End of Section:
Ionic Bonds
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Section 3:
Covalent Bonds
What holds covalently bonded atoms together?
What are the properties of molecular compounds?
How does unequal sharing of electrons affect molecules?
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
How Covalent Bonds Form
The force that holds atoms together in a covalent bond is the
attraction of each atom’s nucleus for the shared pair of
electrons.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
How Covalent Bonds Form
The oxygen atom in water and the nitrogen atom in ammonia
each have eight valence electrons as a result of forming
covalent bonds with hydrogen atoms.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
How Covalent Bonds Form
Double and triple bonds can form when atoms share more
than one pair of electrons.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Comparing Molecular and Ionic Compounds
The table compares the melting
points and boiling points of a few
molecular compounds and ionic
compounds. Use the table to
answer the following questions.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Comparing Molecular and Ionic Compounds
Graphing:
Create a bar graph of just the
melting points of these
compounds. Arrange the bars
in order of increasing melting
point. The y-axis should start
at –200ºC and go to 900ºC.
Check that the graphs are
correctly set up and labeled
before students plot the data.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Comparing Molecular and Ionic Compounds
Interpreting Data:
Describe what your graph
reveals about the melting
points of molecular
compounds compared to
those of ionic compounds.
Melting points of molecular
compounds are lower than
those of ionic compounds.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Comparing Molecular and Ionic Compounds
Inferring:
How can you account for the
differences in melting points
between molecular
compounds and ionic
compounds?
Molecular compounds have
weak attractive force between
molecules compared to those
between ions, so less energy is
needed to melt molecular
compounds.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Comparing Molecular and Ionic Compounds
Interpreting Data:
How do the boiling points of
the molecular and ionic
compounds compare?
Boiling points of molecular
compounds are lower than
those of ionic compounds.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Comparing Molecular and Ionic Compounds
Predicting:
Ammonia’s melting point is
–78ºC and its boiling point
is –34ºC. Is ammonia a
molecular compound or an
ionic compound? Explain.
Students may predict that
ammonia is a molecular
compound because it has
relatively low melting and
boiling points.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Unequal Sharing of Electrons
Fluorine forms a nonpolar bond with another fluorine atom. In
hydrogen fluoride, fluorine attracts electrons more strongly
than hydrogen does, so the bond formed is polar.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Unequal Sharing of Electrons
A carbon dioxide molecule is a nonpolar molecule because
of its straight-line shape. In contrast, a water molecule is a
polar molecule because of its bent shape.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Links on Molecular Compounds
Click the SciLinks button for links on molecular compounds.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
End of Section:
Covalent Bonds
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Section 4:
Bonding in Metals
How do the properties of metals and alloys compare?
How do metal atoms combine?
How does metallic bonding result in useful properties of
metals?
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Metallic Bonding
Metal atoms combine in
regular patterns in which
the valence electrons are
free to move from atom
to atom.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Metallic Properties
The “sea of electrons”
model of solid metals
explains their ability to
conduct heat and
electricity, the ease with
which they can be made
to change shape, and
their luster.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Links on Metallic Bonding
Click the SciLinks button for links on metallic bonding.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
End of Section:
Bonding in Metals
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
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