INTERSTATE RIVER BOUNDARY MONITORING PROGARMME
SERIES: IRBM/01/2015
Water Quality of Rivers at Interstate Borders
CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
(Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Govt. of India)
‘Parivesh Bhawan’, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi – 110032
Website: www.cpcb.nic.in
e-mail: [email protected]
DEDICATED TEAM
Overall Supervision
and Co-ordination
Dr. A.B.Akolkar
Sh. R.M. Bhardwaj
Sh. A K Sinha
Member Secretary
Scientist ‘D’
Scientist ‘D’
Report Preparation
Sh. A K Sinha
Sh. Vishal Gandhi
Sh. Jitendra Kr Vimal
Ms. Himani Ravish
Scientist ‘D’
Scientist ‘C’
Senior Research Fellow
Project Trainee
Data Entry
Sh. R.D.Swami
Data Entry Operator
Dedicated Monitoring and Inspection team
Team from ZO Lucknow
Sh. P.K.Mishra,
Dr. D.K. Soni
Sh. J.P.Meena
Dr.H.P.S.Rathore
Sh A.K.Tripathi,
Scientist ‘E’
Scientist ‘D’
Scientist ‘C’
Scientist ‘C’
SSA
Sh. R.S.Kori
Sh. P. Jagan,
Sh. Anil Rawat,
Dr.Y.K.Saxena,
Dr.Anoop Chaturvedi,
Sh. Sunil Kolhtkar,
Scientist ‘E’
Scientist ‘C’
SSA
SSA
JSA
JLA
Team from ZO Vadodara
Sh. B. R Naidu
Sh. Shashikant Lokhande
Sh. Amit R. Thakkar
Sh. N. Semwal
Sh. T.K. Parmar
Scientist ‘E’
Scientist ‘D’
Scientist ‘C’
SSA
SLA
Team from ZO Kolkata
Sh. R.K.Saxena
Dr Rita Shah
Sh. S. Suresh
Sh. V. Pattusami
Sh. Z. Changson
Scientist ‘D’
Scientist ‘D’
Scientist ‘D’
Scientist ‘E’
Scientist ‘D’
Team from ZO Bhopal
Team from ZO Bangalore
Team from ZO Shilong
Table of Contents
Chapter
No.
1.
Chapter Name
Introduction
Page
No.
1-5
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Interstate River Boundary Monitoring Network
Methodology
Water Quality of Rivers
Status of Water Quality
Assessment of Water Quality at Interstate Points
Water Quality Trend
Conclusion
Action Taken
Recommendations
6-9
10
11-19
20-24
25-31
32-128
129
130-132
133
List of Tables and Graphs
S. No.
Table 1
Table 2
Page No.
4
4
Table 4
Table 5
Table/Graph Name
Major Interstate Water Disputes in India
Disputed Interstate Rivers and States Sharing the
River Boundaries
List of Water Quality Monitoring Locations at
Interstate Boundaries
State Wise Distribution of Monitoring Stations
Statistical Summary of Water Quality Data
Table 6
Table 7
Table 8
Pie Chart 1
Pie Chart 2
Pie Chart 3
Pie Chart 4
Graphs
Observed Range of Water Quality Parameters
Prescribed Standard for BOD, DO, TDS and TC
Profile of Water Quality for Last Four Years
Percentage Wise Variation in BOD Values
Percentage Wise Variation in DO Values
Percentage Wise Variation in TDS Values
Percentage Wise Variation in TC Values
Water Quality Trend
20-24
25
37-31
25
26
26
27
32-128
Table 3
6-9
9
16-19
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Availability of Water Resources
The availability and the quality of the fresh water resources is the most pressing of the many
environmental challenges on the national horizon in India. The stress on water resources is
from multiple sources and the impacts can take diverse forms. Geometric increase in
population coupled with rapid urbanization, industrialization and agricultural development
has resulted in high impact on quality and quantity of water in India. The urban population
has increased almost 11 fold in last 100 year period from 26 million to 285 million.
Unregulated growth of urban areas, particularly over the last two decades, without
infrastructural services for proper collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of
domestic wastes led to increased pollution & health hazards. The municipalities and such
other civic authorities have not been able to cope up with this massive task which could be
due to various reasons including erosion of authority, inability to raise revenues and
inadequate managerial capabilities. That is why it became necessary to launch the Ganga
Action Plan and subsequently the National River Action Plan, which is essentially addressed
to the task of trapping, diversion and treatment of municipal waste water. The situation
warrants immediate redressal through radically improved water resource and water quality
management strategies.
Depletion of available freshwater resources, falling ground water levels and deteriorating
water quality are all posing a variety of challenges in managing India’s water resources.
Competing demands from the needs of a growing population are quite often leading towards
disputes among users. The per capita water availability in India is raising concerns.
By the increase in population by the end of 21st century, the per capita availability is likely to
drop below 1000 cubic meters a situation labeled as water scarcity. From the East to the West
and from the North to the South, water has defined life in the Indian subcontinent for
thousands of years. On an average, the combination of rainfall, surface and groundwater
resources have been sufficient in providing adequate water to the Indian population. Rise in
demand and development pressures are changing the characteristics of water in India. Erosion
in the watershed due to the fast growing development and poor land management practices is
changing stream hydraulics. Groundwater reserves are becoming more and more depleted as
surface water sources have become too polluted for human use.
Water security is emerging as an increasingly important and vital issue for India. Many
Indian cities are beginning to experience moderate to severe water shortages, brought on by
the effects of agricultural growth, industrialization and urbanization. Population stress,
irrigation requirements and industrialization are the major pressures for water insecurity. The
environmental challenges of water resource development and management in India are
expected to manifest themselves more rapidly in the coming years. These environmental
challenges may be addressed through four broad approaches (1) Improving efficiencies and
minimizing losses (2) Recharging groundwater aquifers (3) Abatement and treatment of
water pollution (4) Reuse and recycling of wastewater (Status of Water Quality in India2011, CPCB ( Series: MINARS/35/2013-14).
1
1.1.1 Current and Future Water Requirements
In 1990, the total water withdrawal was estimated at 552 bcm i.e. 30 per cent of the country's
renewable water resources. The contribution from surface water was 362 bcm, while the
groundwater withdrawal was estimated at 190 bcm. Approximately 460 bcm was used for
irrigation while 25 bcm was used for domestic needs. About 19 bcm and 15 bcm were used
for energy and industrial purposes respectively. Currently, more than 80 per cent of the 750
bcm water used in India is for irrigation. The balance 20 per cent is used to meet domestic,
energy, industrial and other requirements. With the rapidly growing population, along with
industrial and urbanization activities, the demand for water is expected to increase even
faster. Estimates indicate that by the year 2025, the total water demand of 1050 bcm will be
very close to the total utilizable water resources of 1,122 bcm in the country. Though
projections are not available beyond 2025, it is evident that the country may have to face an
acute water crisis unless clear and strategic measures are adopted now. It is important to note
that more attention is also required to scientifically assess the water requirements for
ecosystems security. Today, approximately 40 per cent (748 bcm) of available water
resources is considered to be unutilizable due to a variety of factors. Probably, this is a
blessing since that water must be used for the requirements of the ecosystems (Status of
Water Quality in India-2011, CPCB ( Series: MINARS/35/2013-14).
1.2 Water Pollution
The key challenges to better management of the water quality in India are temporal and
spatial variation of rainfall, uneven geographic distribution of surface water resources,
persistent droughts, overuse of ground water and contamination, drainage & salinisation and
water quality problems due to treated, partially treated and untreated wastewater from urban
settlements, industrial establishments and runoff from irrigation sector besides poor
management of municipal solid waste and animal dung in rural areas.
It is estimated that about 38,000 million litres per day (mld) of wastewater are generated in
the urban centres having population more than 50,000 in India (housing more than 70% of
urban population). The municipal wastewater treatment capacity developed so far in India is
about 11,000 mld accounting for 29% of wastewater generation in these two classes of urban
centers. In view of population increase, demand of freshwater for all the uses will be
unmanageable. It is estimated that the projected wastewater from urban centres may cross
1,00,000 mld by 2050 and the rural India will also generate not less than 50,000 mld in view
of water supply designs for community supplies in rural areas. However, waste water
management is not addresses to that pace.
Most human activities whether domestic, agricultural or industrial have an impact on water
and the ecosystems. Water borne diseases can be, to a large extent, controlled by managing
human consumption and production patterns. It is therefore important to have an
understanding of human activities, including water management initiatives, and their impacts
on water and the environment (Status of Water Quality in India-2011, CPCB (Series:
MINARS/35/2013-14).
1.2.1 Domestic Water Pollution
Waste management systems have not been able to keep pace with the huge volumes of
organic and non-biodegradable wastes generated daily. As a consequence, garbage in most
parts of India is unscientifically disposed and ultimately leads to increase in the pollutant load
of surface and groundwater courses. On the other hand, the large population of the poor in
2
India does not have much choice but to live off the natural resource base and pollute the
environment in the process. They deforest for food, fuel, fodder and fibre and pollute the
water sources on which they depend, since they cannot afford access to sanitation services.
Domestic water use today, though a small fraction of the total water requirement, is underpriced for political reasons. This leads to a considerable waste of the precious resource and
inadequate revenues for operation and maintenance. Low revenues result in the loss of the
resource due to system inefficiencies. In most parts of the country, waste water from
domestic sources is hardly treated, due to inadequate sanitation facilities. This waste water,
containing highly organic pollutant load, finds its way into surface and groundwater courses,
very often close to dense pockets of human habitation from where further water is drawn for
use. Considerable investments will be required to install treatment systems in at least the 500
major cities and towns of the country. Estimates indicate that it is viable to set up
decentralized treatment systems for approximately 100 to 200 households where it is possible
to convince users to pay for efficient services. Incentives like soft loans may be provided to
these initiatives (Status of Water Quality in India-2011, CPCB ( Series: MINARS/35/201314).
1.2.2 Industrial Water Pollution
The Industrial sector, contributing to about 20 per cent of the national income, accounts for
about 8 per cent of the current water use. With rapid industrialization and urbanization, the
water requirement for energy and industrial use is estimated to rise to about 18 per cent of the
total requirements in 2025. Poor environmental management systems, especially in industries
such as thermal power stations, chemicals, metals and minerals, leather processing and sugar
mills, have led to discharge of highly toxic and organic wastewater. This has resulted in
pollution of the surface and groundwater sources from which water is also drawn for
irrigation and domestic use. The enforcement of regulations regarding discharge of industrial
wastewater and limits to extraction of groundwater needs to be considerably strengthened,
while more incentives are required for promoting waste water reuse and recycling(Status of
Water Quality in India-2011, CPCB ( Series: MINARS/35/2013-14).
1.2.3 Agricultural Water Pollution
Two-thirds of India's farm production comes from one-third of its land which is irrigated. The
rest is from rainfed areas that employ large populations. In order to meet the increasing
demand for food and farm employment, India has to increase the area under irrigation, and
enhance productivity in both irrigated and rainfed areas. Cropping patterns and farming
practices also do not encourage the judicious use of water. Conservative estimates indicate
that the same quantity of irrigation water used today can irrigate double the current area with
optimized irrigation and farming practices. With limited revenues and budgetary support, the
state engineering departments are unable to operate and maintain the irrigation systems
efficiently, leading to increasing deterioration of the structures and systems over time.
Consequently, there are further water losses due to breaches and seepage, resulting in water
logging and salinity. Water quality is further affected due to the overuse of chemical
fertilizers and pesticides (Status of Water Quality in India-2011, CPCB ( Series:
MINARS/35/2013-14).
1.3 Interstate Water Disputes
Water security is emerging as an increasingly important and vital issue for India. Many
Indian cities are beginning to experience moderate to severe water shortages, brought on by
the simultaneous effects of agricultural growth, industrialization and urbanization. Another
3
concern in the region is the growing competition over shared water resources. Conflict over
freshwater resources can strain relationships between various states sharing these resources.
1.3.1 The main causes due to which water disputes arise between states are:
 River doesn’t follow political limits.
 Uneven distribution of water resources.
 Increasing rainfall variability and frequent draughts.
 Increasing demand of river water.
 Regionalization of the national policy.
 Industrial activity which leads to deterioration of water quality
 Untreated domestic wastewater
Table 1: Major Interstate Water Disputes in India
River(s)
Satluj, Beas
States
Punjab and Rajasthan
Markanda
Himachal Pradesh and Haryana
Yamuna
Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh
Sahibi
Rajasthan and Haryana
Dhela, Bahela,
Kosi and
Ramganga
Uttrakhand and Uttar Pradesh
Issue
Harike
Barrage,
Canals
originating from Punjab and
entering into Rajasthan
Wastewater discharge from Kala
Amb industrial Area (H.P.). and
entering into Haryana
Ammonia issue raised frequently
for supply of drinking water in
Delhi and in Agra(U.P.)
Wastewater
discharge
from
Bhiwadi (Rajasthan) entering into
territory of Dharuhera (Haryana).
Magh Mela and Kumbh Mela
issue- Wastewater discharge from
Uttrakhand into Uttar Pradesh.
Table 2: Disputed Interstate Rivers and States Sharing the River Boundaries
S.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Disputed River
States
Vardha
Mahi
Krishna
Bhima
Sabarmati
Manjara
Tapi
Narmada
Wainganga
Damanganga
Indrawati
Mahanadi
Damodar
Subarnrekha
Cauvery
M.P., Maharashtra
M.P., Rajasthan, Gujarat
Maharashtra, A.P., Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
Maharashtra, Karnataka
Gujarat, Rajasthan,
Maharashtra, Karnataka
Maharashtra, Gujarat, M.P.
Gujarat, M.P.
M.P., Maharashtra
Gujarat, UT of Daman
Orissa/ Chattisgarh
Orissa, Chattisgarh
Jharkhand, W.B.
Jharkhand, Orissa, W.B.
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
4
S.
No.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
Disputed River
States
Thenpennai
Tungabhadra
Churni
Godavari
Pennar
Ganga
Betwa
Sone
Ramganga
Satluj
Beas
Markanda
Ghaggar
Yamuna
Chambal
Dhela
Kitcha
Kosi
Bahela
Pilakhar
Sarsa
Swan
Ravi
Dhansari
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
Maharashtra, Karnataka
W.B./Bangladesh
Maharashtra, Karnataka
A.P., Karnataka
U.P., Bihar, Uttarakhand
M.P., U.P.
M.P., U.P.
Uttarakhand, U.P.
HP, Punjab
HP, Punjab
HP, Haryana
HP, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan
U.P., Haryana, Uttarakhand, HP, Delhi
Rajasthan, M.P., U.P.
U.P., Uttarakhand
U.P., Uttarakhand
U.P., Uttarakhand
U.P., Uttarakhand
U.P., Uttarakhand
HP, Punjab
HP, Punjab
J&K, Punjab
Nagaland, Assam
Manjira
Karnataka/A.P.
5
CHAPTER 2: INTERSTAE RIVER BOUNDARY MONITORING NETWORK
One of the function of the Central Pollution Control Board(CPCB), under the Section 16 2(b)
of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 is to “coordinate the activities of
the State Boards and resolve disputes among them.
CPCB is monitoring water quality of rivers at the interstate borders since 2005. At present, the
monitoring is carried out at 86 locations. Present report covers only 83 locations (as given in
table 3) spread over 40 rivers. Monitoring frequency is preferably on quarterly basis though
few river locations are monitored once in a year which are either small/seasonal or not
carrying any interstate dispute.
Table 3: List of Water Quality Monitoring Locations at Interstate Boundaries
Sl.
No.
1
River
Location
Vardha
Bangaon Village near Pandhurana
Village (M. P.)
2
3
Vardha
Mahi
Belur Dharmadabad (Maharashtra)
Village Bajna, Ratlam (M. P.)
Maharashtra/M.P.
M.P./Rajasthan
4
Mahi
Kadna Dam, (Gujarat)
Gujarat /Rajasthan
5
6
Mahi
Krishna
Gammon Bridge, (Rajasthan)
Kurundwad, Kolhapur (Maharashtra)
Rajasthan/MP
Maharashtra/A.P.
7
8
Bhima
Sabarmati
Takli, Solapur (Maharashtra)
Khedbrahma (Gujarat)
Maha./Karnataka
Gujarat/Rajasthan
9
Manjara
Aurad Shahajani (Maharashtra
10
11
12
13
Tapi
Tapi
Tapi
Narmada
Prakasha (Maharshtra)
Ajnad (Marashtra )
NIzhar (Gujarat)
Navagam (Gujarat)
Maharashtra/
Karnataka
Maharashtra/Gujarat
Maharashtra/M.P.
Maharashtra/Gujarat
Gujarat/M.P.
14
Wainganga
Bapera, Bhandara (Maharashtra)
M.P./ Maharashtra
15
Damanganga
16
Damanganga
Jarry Causeway D/S of CETP
discharge (Gujarat)
U/S of CETP discharge GIDC Weir
(UT of Daman)
Gujarat/UT of
Daman
UT of Daman/
Gujarat
17
Indrawati
Nowrangpur (Orissa)
Orissa/Chhattisgarh
18
Mahanadi
Hirakund (Orissa)
Orissa/Chattisgarh
19
Churni
Bijoypur (West Bengal)
Bangladesh/W. B.
20
Damodar
Sindri (Jharkhand)
Jharkhand/W.B.
21
Damodar
Dishergarh (West Bengal)
WB/Jharkhand
22
Subarnrekha
Behragora (Jharkhand)
Jharkhand/Orissa
6
Interstate
Boundaries
MP/Maharashtra
Sl.
No.
23
24
River
Location
Subarnrekha
Subarnrekha
Gopiballavpur (West Bengal)
Lakhannath (Orissa)
25
Cauvery
26
Thenpennai
Satyagala Bridge, Narsipur
(Karnataka)
Mugalur Bridge, Bangalore
(Karnataka)
Deodurg (Karnataka)
27
28
Krishna
Tungabhadra
Hochchelli (Karnataka)
29
Bhima
Jewargi, Gangapur, (Karnataka)
30
31
Pennar
Manjira
Mothikepli, (Karnataka)
Janwada, (Karnataka)
32
Godavari
Basra Kavalguda,(Maharashtra)
33
UttraPinkhani
(North
Pennar)
Ganga
Hindupur (Andhra Pradesh)
34
Interstate
Boundaries
WB/Orissa
Orissa/W.B.
Karnataka
/Tamilnadu
Karnataka/
Tamilnadu
Karnataka/
Tamilnadu
Maharashtra/
Karnataka
Maharashtra/Karnata
ka
Karnataka
Karnataka/
Maharashtra
Karnataka/
Maharashtra
A.P./Karnataka
Tarighat, Gazipur (U. P.)
U.P./Bihar
M.P./U.P.
35
Betwa
Kanjira Bridge , Sagar (M.P.)
36
Betwa
UP/MP
37
38
Sone
Sone
39
Ramganga
D/S Dukwan Dam Babina, Birdha
Road, Distt. Lalitpur (U.P.)
Chopan (U.P.)
U/S of Deora before Reservoir,
Rihand (U.P.)
D/S Sherkot, Kalagarh (U. P.)
40
Ramganga
D/S Kalagarh, Dam (Uttrankhand)
Uttrakhand/U.P.
41
42
43
Ganga
Satluj
Beas
U.P/Bihar
H.P/Punjab
H.P/Punjab
44
45
Beas
Markanda
Dariganj, Distt. Sonepur, (Bihar)
Nangal (H.P.)
Talwara U/s (Pong Dam), Kangra
(H.P.)
D/S (Changarwa Village), (Punjab)
Kala Amb (H.P.)
46
Markanda
Narayangarh (Haryana)
Haryana/H.P.
47
Ghaggar
u/s Parwanoo (H.P.)
H.P/Haryana
48
49
Ghaggar
Ghaggar
Parwanoo D/S , Amravati, (Haryana)
Mubarakpur (Punjab)
Haryana/H.P.
Punjab/Haryana
50
51
52
Ghaggar
Ghaggar
Ghaggar
Tiwana village (Punjab)
Sirsa Dabwali Road (Haryana)
Chandrapur Siphon (Haryana)
Punjab/ Haryana
Punjab/Haryana
Punjab/Haryana
7
M.P./U.P
M.P./U.P
Uttrakhand/U.P.
Punjab/H.P.
H.P/Haryana
Sl.
No.
54
55
56
River
Location
Ghaggar
Ghaggar
Ganga
Interstate
Boundaries
Ottu Weir (Haryana)
Haryana/Rajasthan
Sirsa Hanumangarh Road (Rajasthan) Rajasthan/Haryana
Sultanpur (Uttrakhand)
Uttrakhand/U.P.
57
Ganga
Bijnour (U.P.)
UP/ Uttrakhand
58
Yamuna
Shergarh, Juhika (U. P.)
UP/Haryana
59
60
Yamuna
Yamuna
Mohena Palwal Road (Haryana)
Pontasahib (H. P.)
Haryana/U.P.
HP/ Uttrakhand
61
Yamuna
Haryana/HP
62
Yamuna
Buriya U/S Jagadhari, Mandoli,
(Haryana)
Sonipat Baghpat Road (Haryana)
63
Yamuna
Palla, Wazirabad (Delhi)
Delhi/Haryana
64
Yamuna
Asgarpur village, (U.P. )
U.P./Delhi
65
Yamuna
Hasanpur, Mohali (Haryana)
UP/Haryana
66
Chambal
Udi (U.P.)
U.P./M.P.
67
Chambal
Fish farm , Gandhisagar Dam, (M.P)
Rajasthan/MP
68
69
Dhela
Adampur Village, Bhojpur
Kitchha
Pull Bhatta, Bareili Road, (Uttrakhand)
UP/Uttrakhand
UP/Uttrakhand
70
Kosi
Dadiyal Bridge, (Uttrakhand)
UP/Uttrakhand
71
Bahela
Badli Village, Tehseel - Tanda (U.P.)
UP/Uttrakhand
72
Pilakhar
Rampur, Bhot (Uttar Pradesh)
UP/Uttrakhand
73
Sarsa
H.P./Punjab
74
Sarsa
Badhi D/S, (Ghanoli Village B/C to R.
Satluj, (Punjab )
U/s Saini Mazra , (Punjab)
75
Swan
Dhangla Village, Santoshgarh
(Punjab)
H.P./Punjab
76
Ravi
Madhopur U/S , (Punjab)
Punjab/J&K
77
Ravi
Lakhanpur, D/s Madhopur (Jammu)
Punjab/J&K
78
Dhansari
U/S Ganesh nagar , (Nagaland)
Nagaland/ Assam
79
Dhansari
Nagaland/ Assam
80
Dhansari
81
Dhansari
U/S, Nagarjan Bridge, Dimarpur
Town, (Nagaland)
D/S Dimarpur Town , Khatkati Gate,
(Nagaland)
Bokajan, (Assam)
82
83
Dhansari
Yamuna
Nimligarh, (Assam)
Dak Pather (Uttranchal)
Nagaland /Assam
Uttranchal/H.P.
8
Haryana/U.P.
H.P./Punjab
Nagaland/ Assam
Nagaland /Assam
Table 4: State Wise Distribution of Monitoring Stations
Sl. No. States/UT
No. of Stations
2
1. Delhi
2
2. Andhra Pradesh
2
3. UT of Daman
Chattisgarh
2
4.
2
5. Bihar
2
6. J & K
3
7. Jharkhand
3
8. Tamil Nadu
5
9. West Bengal
3
10. Nagaland
Assam
11.
2
6
12. Rajasthan
6
13. Orissa
7
14. Gujarat
9
15. Uttarakhand
11
16. Maharashtra
11
17. Karnataka
11
18. Punjab
13
19. M.P
14
20. Himachal Pradesh
16
21. Haryana
21
22. U.P.
9
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3.0 Methodology
The methodology adopted for collection of information and preparation of this report is as
follows:
3.1 Source of information
Monitoring is conducted by CPCB on quarterly basis in a year, however few designated
locations are monitored once in a year which are either small/seasonal or not carrying any
interstate dispute. After analysis of samples, laboratories of Head Office and Zonal Offices
produce result of water quality parameters.
3.2 Dry Inventory
To carry out the present study, first desk inventory was performed based on background
information available inhouse. During desk inventory, sites were finalized for the survey &
monitoring of the interstate rivers. The concerned Zonal Offices were also informed about the
programme to depute those officers who have sufficient knowledge of rivers and interstate
boundary locations.
3.3 Wet Inventory
The team visited the locations at which the rivers share the interstate boundaries.
The identified sampling points from the possible sources were selected out to carry the water
quality monitoring.
3.4 Analysis
The data collected out through dry and wet inventories was analyzed and processed further.
3.5 Data Interpretation and Processing
The data collected from laboratories of Head offices and Zonal Office of Central Pollution
Control Board was structured through MS-Excel and stored. Data was compiled and
processed to remove inconsistencies.
10
CHAPTER 4: WATER QUALITY OF RIVERS
4.0 Water Quality
The water quality monitoring results based on the observations made during 2005 to 2013
indicate that the organic and bacterial contamination are continued to be critical in water
bodies. This is mainly due to discharge of domestic wastewater mostly in untreated form
from the urban centres of the country. The municipal corporations at large are not able to
treat increasing load of municipal sewage flowing into water bodies without treatment.
Furthermore, the receiving water bodies also do not have adequate water for dilution.
Therefore, the oxygen demand and bacterial pollution is increasing day by day.
The water quality monitoring results obtained were analyzed with respect to indicator of
oxygen consuming substances (Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand), Dissolved Oxygen, indicator
of pathogenic bacteria (Total coliform and Fecal coliform), Total Dissolved Solids and
Chemical Oxygen Demand.
The water quality of the rivers covered under Interstate River Boundary Monitoring (IRBM)
Network is discussed below based on the data analyzed from Table 5.
The water quality of river is assessed with respect to primary water quality data criteria for
bathing . the primary water quality criteria is placed in Table 6.
4.1 Water Quality of River Satluj:
Water quality monitoring of the river Satluj is carried out at the interstate boundaries of H.P.
and Punjab(Detail of location is provided in Table 3) . BOD and DO concentrations are
within the prescribed range i.e.1.11mg/l and 8.11 mg/l respectively. The Total Coliform
range is exceeding the prescribed limit.
4.2 Water Quality of River Beas:
Water quality monitoring of the river Beas is carried out at 02 locations at the interstate
boundaries of H.P. and Punjab at Talwara U/s (Pong Dam), Kangra (H.P.) and Changwara
Village, Punjab. The analysis results show that the BOD concentration is exceeding to the
prescribed range at both the locations i.e., however DO concentration is meeting to the
prescribed standard at both the locations. Total Coliform range is also exceeding the
prescribed limit.
4.3 Water Quality of River Markanda:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 02 different locations at the interstate
boundaries of H.P. and Haryana. The analytical results show that BOD and DO
concentrations at Naraingarh (Haryana) are not meeting the prescribed limit. However, at
Kala Amb (H.P.), the water quality is meeting to prescribed standards in respect of DO and
BOD. Total Coliform is not meeting the prescribed limit at both the locations.
4.4 Water Quality of River Ghaggar:
Water quality monitoring of the river Ghaggar is carried out at 09 different locations at the
interstate boundaries of H.P./ Haryana, Punjab/ Haryana and Haryana/ Rajasthan. Analytical
results indicate that water quality in respect of DO and BOD concentrations is not meeting to
11
the prescribed standards except at Parwanoo(H.P.) and Amravati (Haryana). Total Coliform
range is also exceeding the prescribed standard.
4.5 Water Quality of River Ganga:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 04 different locations at the interstate
boundaries of Uttarakhand/ U.P. and U.P./ Bihar. At all these 4 locations, the BOD and DO
concentrations are meeting the prescribed standards. However, the Total Coliform count is
deviating at all locations.
4.6 Water Quality of River Yamuna:
Water quality monitoring of the river Yamuna is carried out at 9 different locations at the
interstate boundaries of U.P./ Haryana, HP/Uttarakhand, Haryana/H.P., Delhi/Haryana and
U.P./Delhi. The water quality results are meeting to prescribed norms with respect to DO and
BOD except at 3 locations i.e. Asgarpur Village (U.P.), Hasanpur (Haryana) and Buriya U/S,
Jagadhari (Haryana). Total Coliform count is exceeding the prescribed standards at all
locations.
4.7 Water Quality of River Chambal:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 02 locations at the interstate boundaries
of U.P/M.P. and Rajasthan/M.P. The BOD and DO concentrations are meeting to the
prescribed standards at both the locations. However, Total Coliform count is exceeding at the
location Udi (U.P.).
4.8 Water Quality of River Dhela:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location at the interstate boundary
of U.P./Uttarakhand. The BOD, DO and Total Coliform concentration are not meeting the
prescribed standards indicating polluted condition of the river at the monitoring location.
4.9 Water Quality of River Kitchha:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the interstate boundary of
U.P./Uttarakhand. At the monitoring location, BOD and DO concentrations are within the
prescribed standard, However, Total Coliform Count is exceeding to the prescribed standard.
4.10 Water Quality of River Kosi:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location at the interstate boundary
of U.P./Uttarakhand. The water quality is meeting the prescribed standards with respect to
BOD and DO whereas Total Coliform Count is exceeding the prescribed standards.
4.11 Water Quality of River Bahela:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location at the interstate boundary
of U.P./Uttarakhand. At the location, BOD, DO and Total Coliform Count is exceeding the
prescribed standards.
4.12 Water Quality of River Pilakhar:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the interstate boundary of
U.P./Uttarakhand. BOD and DO are within the range at the location whereas the Total
Coliform Count is exceeding .
12
4.13 Water Quality of River Sarsa:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 locations at the interstate boundary of
H.P./Punjab. At both the locations, BOD and DO concentrations are meeting the prescribed
range. Total Coliform count is exceeding to the prescribed standards at both the locations.
4.14 Water Quality of River Swan:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the interstate boundary of H.P./Punjab.
The BOD and DO concentrations are within the prescribed standards at the location whereas
Total Coliform count is exceeding to the prescribed standards.
4.15 Water Quality of River Ravi:
Water quality monitoring of the river Ravi is carried out at 2 different locations of the
interstate boundary of J.K./Punjab. The BOD and DO concentration are within the prescribed
standards at the location whereas Total Coliform count is exceeding at said locations.
4.16 Water Quality of River Mahi:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations of interstate
boundary of M.P./Rajasthan and Gujarat/ Rajasthan. The BOD and DO concentrations are
within the prescribed range at both the locations. Total Coliform count is exceeding at Kadna
Dam, (Gujarat).
4.17 Water Quality of River Ramganga:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations of interstate
boundary Uttarakhand/U.P. The BOD and DO concentrations are within the prescribed range
whereas the Total Coliform count is exceeding at both the locations.
4.18 Water Quality of River Betwa:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations of interstate
boundary M.P./U.P. Concentration of BOD and DO is meeting the prescribed standards
whereas Total Coliform count is exceeding at both the locations.
4.19 Water Quality of River Sone:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations of the interstate
boundary M.P./U.P. The BOD and DO level are within the prescribed range whereas Total
Coliform count is exceeding at both the locations.
4.20 Water Quality of River Vardha:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations at the interstate
boundary M.P./Maharashtra. The BOD and DO level are meeting to the prescribed standards.
However, Total Coliform count is exceeding at one location i.e. Belur Dhemadabad
(Maharashtra).
4.21 Water Quality of River Bhima:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations at the interstate
boundary of Maharashtra/Karnataka. The BOD and DO concentrations are meeting the
prescribed range. However, Total Coliform count is exceeding at both the locations.
4.22 Water Quality of River Sabarmati:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the interstate boundary of
Gujarat/Rajasthan. The BOD and DO concentration are meeting to the prescribed standard at
the location. Total Coliform count is exceeding at the location to the prescribed standard.
13
4.23 Water Quality of River Manjira:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations of the interstate
boundary Karnataka/Maharashtra. The BOD and DO concentration are within the prescribed
standard. However, Total Coliform count is exceeding at one location i.e. Janwada
(Karnataka).
4.24 Water Quality of River Tapi:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 3 different locations at the interstate
boundaries of Maharashtra/Gujarat and Maharashrta/M.P. The BOD and DO level are
meeting the prescribed standard. However, Total Coliform count is exceeding the prescribed
standards at all 03 locations.
4.25 Water Quality of River Narmada:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location at the interstate boundary
of Gujarat/M.P. The BOD and DO level are meeting the prescribed Standards. Whereas the
Total Coliform count is exceeding at said location.
4.26 Water Quality of River Wainganga:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location of interstate boundary of
Maharashrta/M.P. The BOD and DO level are within the prescribed range indicating the good
water quality at the location. Total Coliform count is exceeding at the aforesaid location.
4.27 Water Quality of River Damanganga:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations at the interstate
boundary of Gujarat/ UT of Daman. The BOD and DO level are exceeding the prescribed
limit at Jarry Causeway D/S of CETP Discharge (Gujarat). Total Coliform count is within
the range at both the locations.
4.28 Water Quality of River Indrawati:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location at the interstate boundary
of Orissa/Chattisgarh. The BOD and DO level are within the prescribed range indicating the
good water quality at the location. But the Total Coliform count is exceeding at the location.
4.29 Water Quality of River Mahanadi:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location at the interstate boundary
of Orissa/ Chhattisgarh. The BOD and DO level are within the prescribed range and Total
Coliform count is exceeding at the location.
4.30 Water Quality of River Churni:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the interstate boundary of
Bangladesh/W.B. The BOD and DO level are not meeting to the prescribed standards and
Total Coliform count is exceeding the prescribed standards.
4.31 Water Quality of River Damodar:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations at the interstate
boundary Jharkhand/W.B. BOD and DO concentration are meeting to the prescribed
standards at the locations. However, Total Coliform count is exceeding at all the locations.
4.32 Water Quality of River Subarnrekha:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 3 different locations at the interstate
boundaries of Jharkhand/Orissa and W.B./Orissa. BOD and DO concentration is meeting the
14
prescribed standard. However, the Total Coliform count is exceeding to the prescribed
standards at all the locations.
4.33 Water Quality of River Cauvery:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried at the interstate boundary of Karnataka/Tamil
Nadu. BOD and DO concentrations are meeting the prescribed standards. Total Coliform
count is also meeting to the prescribed standard at the said location.
4.34 Water Quality of River Thenpennai:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location of the interstate boundary
of Karnataka/Tamil Nadu. BOD, DO and TC concentrations are exceeding to the prescribed
standards.
4.35 Water Quality of River Krishna:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations of the interstate
boundaries of Karnataka/Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra/A.P. BOD and DO concentration are
meeting at the prescribed standards. Total Coliform count is exceeding the prescribed
standard at all the locations.
4.36 Water Quality of River Tungabhadra:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location of the interstate boundary
of Karnataka/ Maharashtra. BOD and DO concentrations are meeting the prescribed
standards and the Total Coliform count is not meeting to the prescribed standard at the
location.
4.37 Water Quality of River Pennar:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the boundary of Karnataka.
Observation of monitoring results reveal that water quality is meeting to the prescribed
standard.
4.38 Water Quality of River Godavari:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the interstate boundary of Karnataka/
Maharashtra. BOD, DO & Total Coliform concentrations are meeting to the prescribed
standards.
4.39 Water Quality of River Uttra Pinkhani:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the interstate boundary of Karnataka/
A.P. BOD, DO & Total Coliform concentrations are meeting to the prescribed standards.
4.40 Water Quality of River Dhansari:
Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 05 different locations at the interstate
boundary of Assam/Nagaland. BOD, DO & Total Coliform concentrations are meeting to the
prescribed standards.
15
Table 5: Statistical Summary of Water Quality at Identified Locations
S. No
River
Location
N
1
1
Yamuna
2
Ghaggar
3
Ganga
4
Beas
5
Markanda
6
7
Satluj
Dhela
Period of Observ
ation
Min
BOD(mg/l)
Max
Mean
S.D.
Min
DO(mg/l)
Max
Mean
S.D.
Paonta Sahib, (H.P.)
Sonipat Baghpat Road, (Haryana)
Palla, (Delhi)
Asgarpur Village, (U.P.)
Buriya U/S Jagadhari (Haryana)
Mohena Palwal Road (Haryana)
Shergarh (U. P.)
Dak Pathar, (Uttarakhnad)
Hasanpur, Maholi,
Parwanoo,(H.P. )
Sirsa Dabwali Road, (Haryana)
Mubarakpur, (Punjab)
Tiwana Village, (Punjab)
Chandrapur Siphon, (Haryana)
Sirdulgarh, (Punjab)
Parwanoo D/S , Amravati,
(Haryana)
Ottu Weir (Haryana)
Sirsa Hanumangarh Road (Rajasthan)
28
25
25
17
17
18
25
22
7
14
13
15
15
15
14
14
2005-2013
2005-2013
2005-2012
2005-2013
2005-2013
2005-2013
2005-2010
2005-2013
2009-2013
2006-2013
2006-2013
2006-2013
2006-2013
2006-2013
2006-2013
2006-2013
0
1
1
6
1
2
1
1
4
1
2
3
2
3
3
1
3.6
8.2
4
50
4
37
10
3.8
26
27
31
24
25
30
22
27
1.19
2.38
1.85
18.76
1.48
14.9
3.79
1.42
7.68
1.22
8.79
7.94
9.88
9.84
10.35
1.03
0.62
1.55
1.77
14.43
0.91
9.58
2.38
0.80
8.35
0.80
8.86
7.16
8.40
7.84
6.02
7.10
6.1
4.5
5.5
0
1
0
4.1
6.7
0
3.8
0
1.8
0.8
0
0
3.8
10.7
11.3
10.7
4
12
12
20.6
10.2
1.35
7.5
2.1
7.4
19.8
4.5
10.2
7.5
7.8
7.29
7.55
2.75
8.52
3
9.05
8.47
2.62
8.49
2.75
4.94
3.31
2.76
2.52
8.13
1.40
0.83
1.58
1.82
1.13
3.24
3.29
0.97
2.90
3.40
3.60
1.69
4.36
1.72
2.77
1.86
12
7
2005-2012
2005-2012
0
1
28
24
6.01
8.24
8.03
8.25
0
1.5
7
6.3
3.65
4.28
1.87
2.38
Tarighat, Gazipur, (U.P.)
Sultanpur (Uttrakhand)
Bijnor Deoband Road (U. P.)
Dari Ganj, Sonepur, (Bihar)
Changwara Village, (Punjab)
Talwara U/S (Pong Dam) Distt
14
22
16
10
17
18
2005-2012
2005-2013
2005-2013
2008-2012
2006-2013
2005-2013
1
1
1
1.6
1
1
6
3
9.5
4.8
5
6
2.52
1.38
1.59
2.55
1.37
1.48
1.61
0.62
0.94
1.11
1.32
1.26
5.2
8
7
5.8
6.1
6
8.8
12
9
8.7
17.1
9
7.81
8.75
8.10
7.26
9.87
7.69
1.11
1.18
0.80
1.21
2.72
1.05
Naraingarh, (Haryana)
Kala Amb U/S (H. P.)
Nangal (H. P.)
Kashipur-Muradabad Road,
Adampur
Village(U.P.)
17
19
16
13
2005-2013
2005-2013
2006-2013
2008-2013
1
1
1
6
85
4
2
131
6.44
1.69
1.11
53.15
5.54
2.34
0.37
44.04
1.5
4.4
6
0
6.7
11.2
9.4
2.3
3.34
8.02
8.11
0.80
1.91
1.93
0.87
1.13
- 16 -
S. No
River
Location
N
1
Period of Observ
ation
BOD(mg/l)
DO(mg/l)
Min
Max
Mean
S.D.
Min
Max
Mean
S.D.
8
Bahela
Badli Village, Tehseel-Tanda
(U.P.)
12
2008-2013
2
77
22.64
30.69
0.2
1.5
1.15
2.75
9
10
Kosi
Kitcha
13
14
2008-2013
2008-2013
1
0
4
8
2.30
4.63
1.24
3.26
3.5
2.2
10.4
26
6.70
6.30
1.52
6.96
11
Sarsa
5
2009-2010
1
10
2.75
2
3
7.8
6.70
2.21
12
Swan
Dadyal Bridge(U.P.)
Pull Bhatta, Bareli road,
(Uttrakhand)
Badhi D/S, (Ghanoli Village)
Punjab
(B/C to R. Satluj)
U/S at Saini Mazra, Punjab
Dhangla Village, Santoshgarh
2009-2013
2009-2013
3
1
4.21
4
3.68
2.35
1.09
1.37
10.4
2.4
12.8
11.2
9.64
6.25
2.90
2.96
13
Pilakhar
Rampur, Bhot (Uttar Pradesh)
7
2009-2013
1
2
2.76
1.06
0
7.8
6.25
1.26
14
Ravi
Madhopur U/S , Punjab
7
2009-2013
1
2
1.12
0.40
7.8
9.2
8.61
0.54
Lakhanpur, D/s, Madhopur
4
2010-2012
1
2
1.18
0.5
7.4
9.8
8.92
1.38
Vardha
Pandhurana Village, (M.P.)
17
2006-2012
1
6
2.24
1.34
5.2
9.1
6.62
1.08
4
2006- 2007
0.1
2.1
0.61
1
6.6
9.2
7.65
1.17
Mahi
Belur Dharmadabad & Karwar
(Mosi) village (Maharashtra)
Bajna,R., Ratlam, (M.P.)
18
2006-2012
1
20
2.44
4.30
4.7
7.11
6.19
1.58
Bajaj Sagar, near Bansawara,
(Rajasthan)
19
2006-2012
1
8
2.60
0.85
4
8.6
6.23
1.75
Fish farm , Gandhisagar Dam,
(M.P)
Udi (U.P.)
Bijoypur (West Bengal)
D/S Dukwan Dam at
Babina,Birdha
Road,Distt. Lalitpur, (U.P.)
19
2006-2012
1
4.7
2.10
1.66
6.1
9.8
6.65
1.63
25
17
13
2006-2013
2005-2013
2005-2012
1
2
0
4
31
7.6
1.81
7.7
1.39
0.96
7.23
1.48
6.7
1
5.3
11
5.8
10.8
8.16
1.84
6.98
1.26
1.94
1.82
Kanjia bridge sagar, (M.P.)
Mugalur Bridge, (Karnataka)
15
11
2005-2012
2005-2011
0.8
2
4
19
1.54
7.42
0.90
7.24
2.8
1
10.4
6
7.24
2.43
1.93
1.70
15
16
17
Chambal
18
19
Churni
Betwa
20
Thenpennai
6
8
- 17 -
S. No
River
Location
N
1
21
Sone
22
Tapi
23
24
Manjara
Bhima
25
26
27
Krishna
Damanganga
Dhansari
28
Damodar
29
30
Indravati
Cauvery
Period of Observ
ation
BOD(mg/l)
DO(mg/l)
Min
Max
Mean
S.D.
Min
Max
Mean
S.D.
Chopan, (D/S before Reservoir
Rihand), (U.P.)
15
2005-2012
1
3
1.52
0.87
5.5
10.2
7.09
1.54
Deora (U/S before Reservoir
Rihand),
(M.P.)
Prakasha, (Maharashtra)
Nizhar, (Gujarat)
Ajnad (Maharashtra)
Aurad Shahajani
Takli, Solapur,
(Maharashtra)
Jewargi,
(Ganagapur),(Karnataka)
Khurundward, Kolhapur,
(Maharashtra)
15
2005-2012
0.5
2
1.08
0.52
5.7
10.5
7.21
1.46
5
5
6
2
9
2006-2012
2006-2012
2006-2012
2006-2007
2005-2011
0.5
1
0.7
4.3
1
8.3
5.5
12.6
4.3
5.7
3.45
2.21
2.92
4.3
2.30
3.00
1.72
4.68
1.38
7
7.1
7.1
7.3
6.8
9.7
8.1
14.5
7.3
11.2
8.24
7.13
10.38
7.3
8.34
1.20
1.00
3.12
1.64
8
2005-2011
0.5
10
2.13
3.73
6.2
8
7.27
0.61
10
2005-2011
0.6
4.6
1.42
1.16
5.8
11.5
7.57
2.18
Deodurg (Karnataka)
Jerry Causways, D/S of
CETP, (Gujarat)
U/S of CETP discharge
GIDC Weir
Bokajan, (Assam)
10
18
2005-2011
2007-2013
0
1.41
1.6
29
0.97
5.92
0.77
8.18
5.5
0.3
7.9
8.47
7.21
3.07
3.17
2.35
18
2007-2013
0.7
4.2
1.73
1.02
6.1
9.1
7.62
0.80
16
2005-2010
1.6
4.7
3.10
1.49
4.8
9
7.00
1.89
Ganeshnagar, (Nagaland)
Nagarjan Bridge, (Nagaland)
Khatkati Gate, (Nagaland)
Numaligarh, (Assam)
Sindri (Jharkhand)
Dishergarh ( West Bengal)
Nowrangpur (Orissa)
Satyagala Bridge, Narsipur
Karnataka
16
16
16
16
17
17
13
8
2005-2010
2005-2010
2005-2010
2005-2010
2005-2013
2005-2013
2005-2013
2005-2011
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.6
0
0
1.1
0
16.5
10.2
2.6
4.4
3
3
3
5
1.88
1.91
1.61
1.96
2.10
1.94
2.03
1.18
4.42
2.64
0.68
1.11
0.63
0.65
0.49
1.57
0.3
1
5.8
0.6
4.9
6.1
6.1
6.2
10
10
10.5
15.4
8.9
9.3
8
8.6
5.35
6.33
7.85
6.63
7.42
7.48
7.20
6.59
3.18
2.34
1.38
3.00
0.85
0.70
0.50
1.29
- 18 -
S. No
River
Location
N
1
Period of Observ
ation
BOD(mg/l)
DO(mg/l)
Min
Max
Mean
S.D.
Min
Max
Mean
S.D.
31
Tungabhadra
Hochchelli (Karnataka)
8
2005-2011
0
7.4
2.56
3.53
4
9
7.73
2.36
32
33
Pennar
Godavari
Mothukapalli (Karnataka)
Basra Kavalguda,
(Maharashtra)
2
5
2005
2005-2012
1.1
1
1.1
3
1.1
1.84
1.00
5.3
4
5.3
6.8
5.3
5.46
1.44
34
Ramganga
D/S Sherkot, Kalagarh
(U.P.)
12
2005-2012
1
4.9
1.88
1.03
4.4
8.5
7.39
1.18
D/S Kalagarh, Dam
(Uttrakhand)
Hirakud (Orissa)
Navagam (Gujarat)
Bapera, Bhandara
(Maharashtra)
Khedbrahma (Gujarat)
12
2005-2012
1
2.6
1.79
0.55
6.2
9.2
7.79
0.92
14
8
7
2005-2013
2006-2012
2006-2012
0
0.8
0.3
3
3.5
6.4
2.15
1.68
0.94
0.75
0.90
0.42
6.4
4.8
5.8
8.3
9.84
8.2
7.35
7.33
6.82
0.43
1.28
2.95
2
2005-2006
1.1
1.1
1.1
-
6.7
10.5
8.38
2.68
Bheragora (Jharkhand)
Gopiballavpur (West
Bengal)
Lakhannath (Orissa)
17
17
2005-2013
2005-2013
0
0
3
3
2.14
2.28
0.86
1.00
7
6.4
9.7
8.7
7.67
7.55
0.79
0.64
17
5
2005-2013
2005-2010
0
1
2.6
6
2.05
1.21
0.2
0.48
6.1
0.8
9.7
5.4
7.69
2.89
0.90
1.69
35
36
37
Mahanadi
Narmada
Wainganga
38
Sabarmati
39
Subarnarekha
40
Uttra-Pinkhani
Hindupur(Andhra Pradesh)
- 19 -
CHAPTER 5: STATUS OF WATER QUALITY
5.1 Identified polluted river locations:
Close observation of the results indicate that water quality of interstate rivers is deteriorating in
respect to BOD, DO, TDS & TC and observed not fit for any designated usage. Discharge of
untreated/partially treated wastewater or dumping solid waste into the rivers directly or through
the drains are the main factor for the increase in pollution at these locations. Observed range of
water quality parameters is summarized in Table 7:
Table 7: Observed Range of Water Quality Parameters
Sl.
No.
River
N
Period of
observation
DO
(mg/l)
1
Vardha Bangaon at
Bangaon Village near
Pandhurana Village (M.
P.)
Vardha at Belur
Dharmadabad
(Maharashtra)
Mahi at Village Bajna,
Ratlam
(M. P.)
Mahi Bajaj sagar Dam
at Gammon Bridge,
(Rajasthan)
Krishna at Kurundwad,
Kolhapur (Maharashtra)
Bhima at Takli, Solapur
(Maharashtra)
Mahi at Kadna Dam,
Gujarat
Sabarmati at
Khedbrahma (Gujarat)
Manjara at Aurad
Shahajani (Maharashtra)
Tapi at Prakasha
(Maharshtra)
Tapi at Ajnad
(Marashtra )
Tapi at Nizhar (Gujarat)
17
2006-12
5.29.1
12-331
TC
(MPN/
100 ml)
18-350
FC
(MPN/
100ml)
3-180
4
2006-07
6.5-22
4-193
110-900
130-300
18
2006-12
1-20
6-27
25-296
15-440
2-210
19
2006-12
1-8
7-32
5-390
23-320
4-140
10
2005-11
0.6-4.6
8.8-36.0
4.0-380
800-2800
1.0-5.7
8.2-36.0
0.7-5.9
12-31
12.3844
9-192
17005000
90-700
40-90000
40-90000
1.1
7.5-14
2-18
4.3
4.3
26
2400500000
130
300-500
2006
5.811.5
6.811.2
4.59.3
6.710.5
7.3
9
2005-11
8
2005-12
2
2005-06
2
5
2006-12
7-9.7
0.5-8.3
18-69
53-311
910-5000
6
2006-12
0.7- 2.6
14.0 -35
9.2-413
5
2006-12
1.0-5.5
11-30.3
9.4-191
Narmada at Navagam
(Gujarat)
Wainganga at Bapera,
Bhandara (Maharashtra)
Damanganga at at Jarry
Causeway D/S of CETP
discharge (Gujarat)
Damanganga U/S of
CETP discharge GIDC
Weir (UT of Daman)
8
2006-12
0.8-3.5
1.8-21
6.0-136
7
2006-12
0.3-6.4
8.0-34
13-124
170-9000
130-5000
18
2007-2013
7.114.5
7.18.1
4.89.84
5.88.2
0.38.47
23009000
80016000
140046000
80-1100
1.41-29
4.2-224
44631262
90090000
900031262
18
2007-2013
6.19.1
0.7-4.2
8.6-32
121-242
900050000
90030000
17
Indrawati at
Nowrangpur (Orissa)
13
2005-13
6.18.0
1.1-3.0
2-23
28-52
40827000
63-6900
18
Mahanadi at Hirakund
(Orissa)
14
2005-13
6.48.3
0.0-3.0
5.0-15.0
15-30
81697000
20428280
19
Churni at Bijoypur
(West Bengal)
17
2005-13
1.05.8
2-31
8-121
31-478
1224146000
20430600
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
COD
(mg/l)
TDS
(mg/l)
1-6
7-29
6.69.2
0.1-2.1
4.77.11
4.08.6
- 20 -
BOD
(mg/l)
40-500
-
300-9000
110024000
70-500
Table 7: Observed Range of Water Quality Parameters
Sl.
No.
River
N
Period of
observation
DO
(mg/l)
20
Damodar at Sindri
(Jharkhand)
17
2005-13
4.98.9
21
Damodar at Dishergarh
(West Bengal)
17
2005-13
SSubSubarnrekha
22
atataBehragora(Jharkhand)
17
23
24
25
Subarnrekha at
Gopiballavpur (West
Bengal)
Subarnrekha at
(Lakhnath)
Cauvery at Satyagala
Bridge, Narsipur
(Karnataka)
26
27
28
Thenpennai at Mugalur
Bridge, Bangalore
(Karnataka)
Krishna at Deodurg
(Karnataka)
Tungabhadra at
Hochchelli (Karnataka)
BOD
(mg/l)
COD
(mg/l)
TDS
(mg/l)
TC
(MPN/
100 ml)
1734146000
FC
(MPN/
100ml)
600146000
0-3
8-14
40-243
6.19.3
0-3.0
6-28
34-208
200448000
30083600
2005-13
7-9.7
0-3.0
0-15
15-168
1900197000
200109000
17
2005-13
6.48.7
0-3
0-2
1-157
306362400
20230400
17
2005-13
6.19.7
6.28.6
0-2.6
3-12
27-154
0-5
3.0-16
222
51085300
140
20285300
34
8
2005-11
11
2005-11
1.06.0
2.0-19
24.3104
36-581
35071600
35071600
10
2005-11
0-1.6
2-16
386
21-22000
21-22000
8
2005-11
5.57.9
4.09.0
0-7.4
1.5-19
7.4-548
13-16100
13-1100
29
Bhima at Jewargi,
Gangapur, (Karnataka)
8
2005-11
6.28.0
0.5-10
1.3-28
6-596
240018000
240018000
30
Pennar at Mothikepli,
(Karnataka)
Manjira at Janwada
(Karnataka)
Godavari at Basra
Kavalguda,(Maharashtra
1
2005
5.3
1.1
16
-
-
-
5
2005-12
1.3-3.6
6.0-54
12-272
930-8600
3500
5
2005-12
6.16.6
4.06.8
1-3
8.7-31.4
1861081
258-5400
800-5400
33
Uttra-Pinkhani at
Hindupur (Andhra
Pradesh)
5
2005-10
0.85.4
0-2
3.8-19
122315552
130
130
34
Ganga at at Tarighat,
Gazipur (U. P.)
14
2005-12
5.28.8
1-6
11-33.6
23-4081
350220000
240110000
15
2005-12
2.810.4
0.8-4.0
5-39
157-176
22100000
22100000
Betwa at D/S Dukwan
Dam Babina, Birdha
Road, Distt. Lalitpur
(U.P.)
Sone at Chopan (U.P.)
13
2005-12
5.310.8
0.7-6
2.6-44
111-239
1.7-8000
1.8-49000
1-3
3.9-44
102-421
170-35000
Sone at U/S of Deora
before Reservoir, Rihand
(U.P.)
Ramganga at D/S
Sherkot, Kalagarh (U.
P.)
15
2005-12
5.510.2
5.710.5
0.5-2.0
4-44
170-232
130110000
13024000
79-13000
12
2005-12
4.48.5
1.0-4.9
7-36
62.4404
200220000
31
32
35
Betwa at Kanjira Bridge
, Sagar (M.P.)
36
37
38
39
15
2005-12
- 21 -
50110000
Table 7: Observed Range of Water Quality Parameters
Sl.
No.
River
N
Period of
observation
DO
(mg/l)
40
Ramganga at D/S
Kalagarh, Dam
(Uttrankhand)
12
2005-12
6.29.2
41
Ganga at Dariganj, Distt.
Sonepur, (Bihar)
Satluj at Nangal (H.P.)
10
2008-12
16
2006-13
Beas at Talwara U/s
(Pong Dam), Kangra
(H.P.)
River Beas at D/S
(Changarwa Village),
(Punjab)
18
42
43
44
COD
(mg/l)
TDS
(mg/l)
1.0-2.6
3-16
158-436
5.88.7
6-9.4
1.6-4.8
8.0-46
0-213
1.0-2.0
2.0-95.0
114-324
2005-13
6.09.0
1.0-6.0
1.0-472
94-472
17
2006-13
6.117.1
1-5
4-180
19
2005-13
4.411.2
1.0-4.0
Narayangarh
17
2005-13
1.56.7
45
Markanda at Kala Amb
(H.P.)
46
47
Markanda
(Haryana)
at
BOD
(mg/l)
TC
(MPN/
100 ml)
40-160000
FC
(MPN/
100ml)
20-28000
170220000
2500016000000
43006600000
110110000
6101910000
4001010000
116-180
60002700000
4201630000
2.0-22.0
196-294
1100013000000
0.12800000
1.0-85
7-4700
2026594
12601070000
3.818
3.87.5
1-27
2-51
156-504
1-27
2-57
172-504
1200011100000
00
430021200000
430010900000
11000021100000
0
210013700000
1700030800000
0
40031700000
0
100002600000
8500026000000
0
11002100000
24001950000
130035000000
530008900000
93009000000
3600153000
9009100000
15001790000
3300011300000
0
103300000
930010500000
490030000000
0
9003900000
Ghaggar
u/s Parwanoo (H.P.)
Ghaggar at Parwanoo
D/S , Amravati,
(Haryana)
Ghaggar at Mubarakpur
(Punjab)
14
2006-13
14
2006-13
15
2006-13
1.87.4
3-40
17-148
168-514
Ghaggar at Tiwana
village (Punjab)
Ghaggar at Sirsa
Dabwali Road (Haryana)
15
2006-13
2-25
18-132
13
2006-13
0.819.8
0-2.1
2-31
20-588
2041224
1981228
52
Ghaggar at Chandrapur
Siphon (Haryana)
15
2006-13
0-4.5
3-30
11-299
244-984
53
Ghaggar at Sirdulgarh
(Punjab)
Ghaggar at Ottu Weir
(Haryana)
14
2006-13
3-22
20-301
12
2005-12
010.2
0-7
0-28
17-252
1461024
1-960
Ghaggar at Sirsa
Hanumangarh Road
(Rajasthan)
Ganga at Sultanpur
(Uttarakhand)
Ganga at Bijnour (U.P.)
7
2005-12
10.56.3
1-24
10-142
1321114
19
2005-13
8-12
1-3
2-20
90-242
16
2005-13
7-9
1-9.5
2-13
18-242
58
Yamuna at Shergarh,
Juhika (U. P.)
25
2005-10
4.120.6
1-10
34-107
70-292
59
Yamuna at Mohena
Palwal Road (Haryana)
18
2005-13
0-12
2-37
34-107
1901162
60
Yamuna at Pontasahib
(H. P.)
28
2005-13
6.110.7
0-3.6
1.0-30
1.0-304
61
Yamuna at Buriya U/S
Jagadhari, Mandoli,
(Haryana)
17
2005-13
1.012.0
1-4
2-22
62-224
48
49
50
51
54
55
56
57
- 22 -
500330000
3601010000
37001010000
200220000
200750000
10022000
130023000000
28111000
6-530000
Table 7: Observed Range of Water Quality Parameters
Sl.
No.
River
62
N
Period of
observation
DO
(mg/l)
COD
(mg/l)
TDS
(mg/l)
25
2005-13
4.511.3
1-8.2
4-74
161-276
25
2005-12
5.510.7
1-4
3-27
17
2005-13
0-4
6-50
7
2009-13
01.35
Yamuna at Sonipat
Baghpat Road (Haryana)
63
Yamuna at Palla,
Wazirabad (Delhi)
64
River Yamuna at
Asgarpur village, (U.P.)
65
River Yamuna at
Hasanpur, Mohali
(Haryana)
BOD
(mg/l)
TC
(MPN/
100 ml)
7007200000
FC
(MPN/
100ml)
8003900000
124-394
700017700000
190017700000
28-282
540-958
430002400000
4-26
23-82
266-820
24000017800000
0
490006100000
77001100000
66
River Chambal at Udi
(U.P.)
25
2005-13
6.711.0
1-4
2-29
20-700
150400000
70-36000
67
Chambal at Fish farm ,
Gandhisagar Dam,
(M.P)
19
2006-12
6.19.8
1.0-26.0
7.0-37.0
2.0-441
19-380
4-360
68
Dhela at Adampur
Village, Bhojpur
13
2008-13
0-2.3
6.0-131
62-1044
1941044
43008800000
14
2008-13
2.226
0-8
0.8-50
325-450
9300015200000
0
170016000000
13
2008-13
3.510.4
1-4
12-82
168-380
170002400000
700220000
69
70
Kitchha at Pull Bhatta,
BareiliRoad,
(Uttrakhand)
Kosi at Dadiyal Bridge,
(Uttrakhand)
7002200000
71
Bahela at Badli Village,
Tehseel - Tanda (U.P.)
12
2008-13
0.21.5
2-77
18-1148
2642012
1878000000
1810100000
72
Pilakhar at Rampur,
Bhot (Uttar Pradesh)
River Sarsa at Badhi
D/S, (Ghanoli Village)
Punjab (B/C to R. Satluj)
7
2009-13
0-7.8
1-2
12-32
278-416
40-4500
5
2009-13
3.07.8
1-10
10-49
106-372
70001400000
1180175000
6
2009-13
10.412.8
3-4.21
21-85
330-540
1680002700000
900-2800
8
2009-13
2.411.2
1.0-4.0
4.0-22.0
146-312
23004600000
4004600000
7
2009-13
7.89.2
1-2
3-10
96-370
430095000
2204600000
4
2010-12
7.49.8
1-2
5-6
114-130
4300220000
900-4100
16
2005-10
0.7-16.5
8-82.32
80-125
17-1600
17
16
2005-10
0.310.0
1.010
0.1-10.2
7.8-21
90-130
19-540
4
16
2005-10
5.8-
0.3-2.6
3.4-23.9
0.08-
27-1600
17-22
73
74
Sarsa at U/s Saini
Mazra , (Punjab)
75
76
River Swan at Dhangla
Village, Santoshgarh
(Punjab)
Ravi at Madhopur U/S ,
(Punjab)
77
Ravi at Lakhanpur, D/s
Madhopur(Jammu)
78
79
80
Dhansari at U/S Ganesh
nagar , Nagaland
Dhansari at U/S,
Nagarjan Bridge,
Dimarpur Town,
Nagalan
Dhansari at D/S
- 23 -
1180192000
Table 7: Observed Range of Water Quality Parameters
Sl.
No.
81
82
83
River
Dimarpur Town ,
Khatkati Gate, Nagaland
Dhansari at Bokajan,
Assam
Dhansari at Nimligarh,
Assam
Yamuna, Dak Pathar,
Uttaranchal
N
Period of
observation
DO
(mg/l)
BOD
(mg/l)
COD
(mg/l)
10.5
16
2005-10
16
2005-10
22
2005-2013
4.89.0
0.615.4
6.710.2
TDS
(mg/l)
TC
(MPN/
100 ml)
FC
(MPN/
100ml)
27-1600
17
17-220
17-26
211030000
20039000
145
1.6-4.7
6.7-35.2
0.6-4.4
12-31
0.14150
51-103
1-3.8
2-77
74-162
Note: N denotes to no. of observations made.
5.2 Polluted River Locations Identified on Close Observation of above Tabulated Data:
1. Damanganga at Jarry Causeway, D/S of CETP Discharge (Gujarat).
2. Churni at Biyojpur (West Bengal).
3. Thenpennai at Mughalpur Bridge, Bangalore (Karnataka).
4. Markanada, Narayangarh (Haryana).
5. Ghaggar at Mubarakpur (Punjab).
6. Ghaggar at Tiwana Village (Punjab).
7. Ghaggar at Sirsa Dabwali Road (Haryana).
8. Ghaggar at Chandrapur Siphon (Haryana).
9. Ghaggar at Sirdulgarh (Punjab).
10. Ghaggar at Ottu Weir (Haryana).
11. Ghaggar at Sirsa Hanumangarh Road (Rajasthan).
12. Yamuna at Mohena Pawal Road (Haryana).
13. Yamuna at Asgarpur Village (U.P.)
14. Yamuna at Hasanpur, Mohali (Haryana).
15. Dhela at Adampur Village, Bhojpur.
16. Bahela at Badli Village, Tehseel- Tanda (U.P.)
- 24 -
CHAPTER 6: ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY AT INTERSTATES
POINTS
6.1 Water quality of rivers monitored at various identified locations covered under IRBM
Network is assessed based on the primary water quality criteria of the 04 parameters - DO,
BOD, TDS and TC as depicted in Table 7. Locations showing any deviation from prescribed
range are considered as polluted and are summarized in section 6.2.
Table 7: Prescribed Standards for BOD, DO, TDS and TC
Parameter
Prescribed Criteria
BOD
<= 3 mg/l
DO
>= 5 mg/l
TDS
500 mg/l
TC
500 MPN/100 ml
Source: Primary Water Quality Criteria for Bathing Water as per the notification at serial no. 93
under Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.
6.2 Percentage Wise Variation in BOD Values:
BOD (mg/l)
12%
6%
Less Than 3 mg/l
7%
Between 4-6 mg/l
75%
Between 7-10
mg/l
Above 10 mg/l
Figure 1: Pie Chart indicating BOD distribution
The close scrutiny of the Figure 1 shows that:
• 75% locations having BOD concentration in the range of 3 mg/ml indicate the water
quality is meeting the prescribed norms.
• 7% of the locations have BOD concentration between 4 to 6 mg/l whereas 12% locations
have BOD concentration between 7 to 10 mg/l and exceeding from the prescribed
standards .
• 6% locations having BOD concentration more than 10 mg/l indicate that water quality is
deteriorated .
- 25 -
6.3 Percentage Wise Variation in DO Values:
DO (mg/l)
1%
21%
Below Than 5 mg/l
Between 5-10 mg/l
78%
Above 10 mg/l
Figure 2: Pie Chart indicating DO distribution
The close scrutiny of the Figure 2 shows that:
• 78% of the locations have DO concentration in the range of 5 to 10 mg/l and meeting the
prescribed standard.
• 21% locations have DO concentration below 5mg/l and are not meeting the prescribed
standard.
• 1% of the locations show that DO concentration is above 10 mg/l.
6.4 Percentage Wise Variation in TDS Values:
TDS (mg/l)
20%
4%
76%
Below Than 500
mg/l
Between 5001000 mg/l
Above 1000 mg/l
Figure 3: Pie Chart indicating TDS distribution
The close scrutiny of the Figure 3 shows that:
 76% of the locations i.e. 63 locations contain TDS within the prescribed limit of 500 mg/l.
 20% of the locations contain TDS more than 500 mg/l but less than 1000 mg/l.
 4% of the locations have TDS more than 1000 mg/l.
- 26 -
6.5 Percentage Wise Variation in TC Values:
TC (MPN/100ml)
11%
4%
Less Than 500 MPN/100 ml
Between 500-1000 MPN/100
ml
85%
Above 1000 MPN/100ml
Figure 4: Pie Chart indicating TC distribution
The close scrutiny of the Figure 4 shows that:
:
 11% of the locations indicate the TC range within the prescribed limit .
 4% of the locations have TC range between 500-1000 MPN/100 ml.
 85% of the locations have TC above 1000 MPN/100 ml and not meeting to the
prescribed standards.
Table 8: Profile of Water Quality for Last Four Years
River
Location
Yamuna
Ponta Sahib
(H.P.)
Sonipat
Baghpat Road
(Haryana)
Palla (Delhi)
Asgarpur
Village (U.P.)
Buriya U/S
Jagadhari
(Haryana)
Mohena
Palwal Road
(Haryana)
Shergarh
(U.P.)
Dak Pathar
(Uttarakhand)
BOD (mg/l)
Remarks
2010 2011 2012 2013
1
1
1.3
Within
Prescribed
Limits
1.5
2.3
1
2
Within
Prescribed
Limits
1
2
2
Within
Prescribed
Limits
10.3 9
5
6
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
1
1.5
3
Within
Prescribed
Limits
14.3 5
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
9.85 Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
2
26
1.4
Within
Prescribed
Limits
- 27 -
DO (mg/l)
Remarks
2010 2011 2012 2013
8.6
7.8
7.2
Within
Prescribed
Limits
9.1
7.6
9
Within
Prescribed
Limits
21.4 8.2
6.5
Within
Prescribed
Limits
-
9
-
8.3
8.5
1.2
3.3
-
-
4
-
-
3
8.4
7.8
11
-
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Table 8: Profile of Water Quality for Last Four Years
River
Location
BOD (mg/l)
Remarks
2010 2011 2012 2013
16
4
6
5
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
1
1
1
Within
Prescribed
Limits
8
11
3
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
38
40
4
6
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
25
50
18
5
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
10
3
6
7
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
10
17
8
7
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
1
3
1
Within
Prescribed
Limits
DO (mg/l)
Remarks
2010 2011 2012 2013
1
1.35 5
7
Within
Prescribed
Limits
18
9.2
Within
Prescribed
Limits
2.4
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
5
Within
Prescribed
Limits
5.2
4.2
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
3.4
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
4.6
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
7.8
7.2
Within
Prescribed
Limits
-
4
24
1
Within
Prescribed
Limits
-
-
-
-
-
12
9
-
-
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
-
-
-
-
-
Tarighat,
Gazipur
(U.P.)
1.5
3.1
2.4
-
Within
8.2
Prescribed
Limits
8.3
8.1
-
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Sultanpur
(Uttarakhand)
1
1
1.3
1
8.8
-
-
10.4
Bijnor
Deoband
Road (U.P.)
Dari Ganj,
Sonepur
(Bihar)
Changwara
Village
(Punjab)
8.2
0.6
1.3
-
8.21
-
8.4
8.2
1.8
4.1
1.6
-
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
8.3
8.4
8.3
-
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
1
2.5
1
-
Within
9
Prescribed
Limits
8.8
-
-
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Talwara U/S
(Pong Dam)
Dist.
Naraingarh
(Haryana)
1
-
-
-
8.4
6.2
7.8
-
6
4.6
17
7
5.6
8
0.6
-
Kala Amb
U/S (H.P.)
2.5
1
5
2
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
4.7
9.7
-
9.9
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Hasanpur,
Maholi
Ghaggar
Parwanoo
(H.P.)
Sirsa Dabwali
Road
(Haryana)
Mubarakpur
(Punjab)
Tiwana
Village
(Punjab)
Chandrapur
Siphon
(Haryana)
Sirdulgarh
(Punjab)
Parwanoo
D/S,
Amravati
(Haryana)
Sirsa
Hanumangarh
Road
(Rajasthan)
Ottu Weir
(Haryana)
Ganga
Beas
Markanda
- 28 -
Table 8: Profile of Water Quality for Last Four Years
River
Location
BOD (mg/l)
Remarks
2010 2011 2012 2013
1
1
1
Within
Prescribed
Limits
105 6
105 35
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
DO (mg/l)
Remarks
2010 2011 2012 2013
8.6
7.8
Within
Prescribed
Limits
-
Satluj
Nangal (H.P.)
Dhela
KashipurMuradabad
Road,
Adampur
Village (U.P.)
Badli Village,
TehseelTanda (U.P.)
Dadyal
Bridge (U.P.)
76
70
27
26
1
1
0.6
-
1.5
4
8.1
1.5
7.6
6.1
8.3
-
Pull Bhatta,
Bareli Road
(Uttarakhand)
Badhi D/S
(Ghanoli
Village)
Punjab (B/C
to R. Satluj)
U/S at Saini
Mazra,
Punjab
Dhangla
Village,
Santoshgarh
Rampur, Bhot
(U.P.)
9
8
7.3
8
2.2
4.7
6.2
5.6
7.5
3
-
5
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
-
-
-
-
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
-
30
5
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.1
3.5
2.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
4
3.3
3
8.4
7.8
11
-
Madhopur
U/S, Punjab
1
1.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
Within
Prescribed
Limits
-
Lakhanpur
D/S,
Madhopur
Pandhurana
Village
(M.P.)
Bajna R.,
Ratlam (M.P.)
2
1
1
-
3.9
2.3
2.6
-
6.8
6
5.8
-
4.1
2
3.5
-
6.3
6.4
5.8
-
Bajaj Sagar,
near
Bansawara
(Rajasthan)
Fish Farm,
Gandhisagar
Dam (M.P.)
Udi (U.P.)
3.7
2.4
2.5
-
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
6.5
6.6
6.6
-
2.9
2
5
-
6.8
6.4
5.8
-
2
2
-
-
9.6
-
-
-
Churni
Biyojpur
(W.B.)
15
10.5
21
7.5
0.9
0.9
0.9
-
Betwa
D/S Dukwan
1.3
1.1
4.6
-
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
7.8
8
-
-
Bahela
Kosi
Kitcha
Sarsa
Swan
Pilakhar
Ravi
Vardha
Mahi
Chambal
- 29 -
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Table 8: Profile of Water Quality for Last Four Years
River
Thenpennai
Sone
Tapi
Bhima
Krishna
Damanganga
Dhansari
Location
BOD (mg/l)
Remarks
2010 2011 2012 2013
Prescribed
Limits
DO (mg/l)
Remarks
2010 2011 2012 2013
Prescribed
Limits
1.8
1.7
1
-
9
7.8
-
-
6.3
19
-
-
3.7
5.6
-
-
2
1.3
2
-
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
8.7
7.4
8.6
-
1.5
1
-
-
Within
Prescribed
Limits
8.2
7.9
8.7
-
Within
Prescribed
Limits
-
6.3
5.7
-
-
9.7
9
-
Nizhar
(Gujarat)
-
-
2.4
-
-
-
5.6
-
Ajnad
(Maharashtra)
-
12.6
3.4
-
-
13
11
-
Takli, Solapur
(Maharashtra)
2
3.4
-
-
-
7.1
-
-
Jewargi
10
(Gangapur)
(Karnataka)
Khurundward, 1.1
Kolhapur
(Maharashtra)
Deodurg
(Karnataka)
6
-
-
6.9
7.9
-
-
1.3
-
-
6
8.6
-
-
-
-
-
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
-
5.5
7.8
-
-
Jerry
Causeways,
D/S of CETP
(Gujarat)
U/S of CETP
discharge
GIDC Weir
Bokajan
(Assam)
23
7.3
24
-
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
2.3
3.9
3.8
-
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
1.7
3
2.3
-
8.1
8
8.4
-
5.5
-
-
-
6.7
-
-
-
Ganeshnagar
(Nagaland)
1.2
-
-
-
6.9
-
-
-
Nagarjan
Bridge
1.3
-
-
-
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
7.1
-
-
-
Dam at
Babina,
Birdha Road,
Dist. Lalitpur,
(U.P.)
Kanjira
Bridge Sagar
(M.P.)
Mugalur
Bridge
(Karnataka)
Chopan, (D/S
before
Reservoir
Rihand)
(U.P.)
Deora (U/S
before
Reservoir
Rihand)
(M.P.)
Prakasha
(Maharashtra)
- 30 -
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Table 8: Profile of Water Quality for Last Four Years
River
Location
BOD (mg/l)
Remarks
2010 2011 2012 2013
Limits
2
Within
Prescribed
Limits
4.4
Within
Prescribed
Limits
2.5
2
Within
Prescribed
Limits
2.3
2
Within
Prescribed
Limits
-
DO (mg/l)
Remarks
2010 2011 2012 2013
Limits
7.2
Within
Prescribed
Limits
7.4
Within
Prescribed
Limits
7
7.9
7.1
8.9
Within
Prescribed
Limits
7.4
7.7
7.7
8.5
Within
Prescribed
Limits
6.5
6.2
Within
Prescribed
Limits
2.6
2
2
2
6.6
7.4
7.1
7.6
-
-
-
-
Within
Prescribed
Limits
-
8
8
-
-
Basra
Kavalguda
(Maharashtra)
D/S Sherkot,
Kalagarh
(U.P.)
D/S Kalagarh
Dam
(Uttarakhand)
Hirakund
(Orissa)
9
-
19
-
6
-
-
-
3
2.7
-
-
6.9
8.4
8
-
2.6
1
-
-
6.6
9.2
7
2
-
2
-
7.7
7.3
7.4
7.7
Narmada
Navagam
(Gujarat)
-
3.3
3.5
-
-
9.8
7.6
-
Wainganga
Bapera,
Bhandara
(Maharashtra)
Bheragora
(Jharkhand)
-
-
0.92
-
-
-
6.4
-
3
-
3
-
7.4
8.5
8
7.8
Gopiballavpur (W.B.)
-
3
-
7.5
7.7
7.7
7.6
Hindupur
(A.P.)
-
-
-
Not Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
-
3
-
-
-
(Nagaland)
Khatkati Gate
(Nagaland)
Numaligarh
(Assam)
Damodar
Sindri
(Jharkhand)
Dishergarh
(W.B.)
Cauvery
Indrawati
Satyagala
Bridge,
Narsipur,
Karnataka
Nowrangpur
(Orissa)
Tungabhadra Hochchelli
(Karnataka)
Godavari
Ramganga
Mahanadi
Subarnrekha
Uttra Pikhani
-
- 31 -
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
Within
Prescribed
Limits
CHAPTER 7: WATER QUALITY TREND
7.1 Water Quality of River Satluj
River Satluj originates from beyond Indian borders in the Southern lopes of the Kailash mountain
near Mansarover lake from Rakas lake, It enters Himachal at Shipki and flows in the SouthWesterly direction through Kinnaur, Shimla, Kullu, Solan, Mandi and Bilaspur districts. Its corse
in Himachal Pradesh is 320 km. Water quality of river Satluj is monitored at Nangal (H.P.),
interstate boundary for H.P. and Punjab.
Water Quality of River Satluj at Nangal (H.P.)
The water Quality of river Satluj is monitored for year 2006-13 having 16 number of
observations.
Summary of Observations:
Year
2006
Observations 2
2007
2
2008
3
2009
4
2010
1
2011
2
2012
1
2013
1
Total
16
Water Quality of River Satluj at Nangal (H.P.) during 2006-2013 is depicted in figures (1-6) :
10
BOD (mg/l)
DO (mg/l)
8
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
6
4
2
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Min
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
Mean 1.5
1
1.3
1
1
1
1
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Min
6
7.45 7.4
8.2
8.6
7.8
Max
8.2
7.8
8.7
9.4
8.6
7.8
Mean 7.1
7.6
8.1
8.8
8.6
7.8
Figure 1
100
Figure 2
400
80
300
60
200
40
100
20
0
2006
Min
2
Max
11
Mean 6.5
TDS(mg/l)
COD (mg/l)
0
2007
2
91
46.5
2008
4
9
7.3
2009
3
95
26.5
2010
4
15
8
2006
Min 136
Max 140
Mean 138
2011
18
18
18
Figure 3
2007
116
130
123
2008
114
124
117
Figure 4
- 32 -
2009
112
324
200
2010
124
124
124
2011
140
204
172
2013
130
130
130
20000000
15000000
2500000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
2000000
FC (MPN/100 ml)
1500000
10000000
1000000
5000000
500000
0
200 200 200 200
6
7
8
9
Min 45000 4E+06 29000 3E+06
Max 9300002E+06 1E+07 2E+07
Mean 4875008E+06 5E+06 7E+06
201
0
25000
25000
25000
201
1
93000
93000
93000
0
2006 2007 2008 2009
Min
610 56000 2300 460
Max 4900 2E+06 77000 580000
Mean 2755 983000 30066 231365
Figure 5
2010 2011
1000 23000
1000 23000
1000 23000
Figure 6
Close examination of figures 1 to 6 reveals following observations:
DO concentration is meeting to the minimum limit of 5.0 mg/l during 2006-2011 and ranges
between 6mg/l in 2006 and 9.4 mg/l in 2009 respectively. BOD concentration is within the
prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l and ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 2.0 mg/l during 2006 and 2008
respectively . COD concentration ranges between 2.0 mg/l and 95.0 mg/l. TDS concentration
ranges between 114 mg/l and 324 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009 respectively. TC count
ranges between 25,000 MPN/100ml and 16,000,000 MPN/100ml during 2010 and 2009
respectively. FC count ranges between 460(MPN/100ml) and 19, 10,000(MPN/100ml) during
2009 and 2007 respectively.
7.2 Water Quality of River Beas:
Beas River flows in the northern part of India. The river rises in the Himalayas in central Himachal
Pradesh, and flows for some 470 km (290 miles) to the Sutlej River in the Indian state of Punjab.
Its total length is 460 kilometres (290 mi) and its drainage basin is 20,303 square kilometres
(7,839 sq m) large. Water quality of river Beas is monitored at two locations : (i) Talwara U/s
(Pong Dam), Kangra (H.P.) and (ii) D/S (Changarwa Village), (Punjab) , interstate boundaries for
H.P. and Punjab
7.2.1 Water Quality of River Beas at Talwara U/s (Pong Dam), Kangra (H.P.)
The water Quality of river Beas at Talwara U/s (Pong Dam), Kangra (H.P.) is monitored for year
2006-13 having 18 number of observations.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
1
2006
2
2007
2
2008
3
2009
4
2010
1
2011
2
2012
2
2013
1
Total
18
Water Quality of River Beas at Talwara U/s (Pong Dam), Kangra (H.P.) during 2005-2013 is
depicted in graphs (from figures 7 - 12 ):
- 33 -
DO (mg/l)
10
BOD (mg/l)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
6
4
2
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
Min
6
Max
6
7.6 6.4
7
9 7.06 9
Mean 6
7.2 8.4 5.4 6.4
8.8 8.4
7
9.2
8.3 6.73 7.9 8.1 8.4 6.2 7.8
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Min
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max
1
3
2
2
6
1
Mean
1
2
1.5
1.3
2.5
1
Figure 7
Figure 8
500
COD (mg/l)
500
400
300
200
100
0
TDS (mg/l)
400
300
200
100
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Min
6
4
1
10
94
4
Min
117
103
112
112
94
128
Max
6
14
12
6.3
472
4
Max
117
128
178
124
472
128
Mean
6
9
6.5
1
236
4
Mean 117
116
145
116
236
128
Figure 10
Figure 9
TC (CFU/100 ml)
FC (CFU/100 ml)
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
12000000
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
200 200 200 200 200 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
Min
1300 740 35000 2900 740 400
Min
Max
1300 750 410001E+051E+06 400
Max 11000 6E+05 7E+06 4E+06 1E+07 82000
Mean 1300 610 38000539664E+05 400
Mean 11000 3E+05 3E+06 2E+06 4E+06 82000
Figure 11
11000 79000 3E+05 27000 1E+05 82000
Figure 12
Close examination of figures 7 to 12 shows that:
DO concentration is well above the minimum limit of 5.0 mg/l during 2005-2012. DO
concentration ranges between 5.4 mg/l and 9.0 mg/l during 2011 and 2008 respectively. BOD
concentration ranges from 1.0 mg/l to 6 mg/l during 2005-2010. COD concentration ranges from
1.0 mg/l to 472 mg/l during 2005-2010. TDS concentration ranges between 94 mg/l and 472 mg/l
in year 2009 only. TC count ranges between 11000MPN/100ml and 9700000 MPN/100ml during
2005 and 2009. FC count ranges between 400 MPN/100ml and 1010000 MPN/100ml during
2010 and 2009.
- 34 -
7.2.2 Water Quality of River Beas at D/S Changarwa Village, (Punjab)
The water Quality of river Beas at D/S Changarwa Village, (Punjab) is monitored for year 2006-13
having 17 number of observations.
Summary of Observations :
Year
Observations
2006
2
2007
2
2008
3
2009
4
2010
1
2011
2
2012
2
2013
1
Total
17
Water Quality of River Beas at D/S (Changarwa Village), (Punjab) during 2005-2013is depicted in
graphs (from figures 13 - 18) below:
6
DO (mg/l)
20
4
15
3
10
2
1
5
0
Min
BOD(mg/l)
5
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
9
8.6
Min
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
17.1 12.2
9
9
Max
5
1
2
3
1
4
1
Mean 12.4 7.82 11.2 10.2
9
8.8
Mean
3
1
1
2.5
1
Max
11.8 7.64 6.1
13
8
9
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
Figure 13
200
Figure 14
200
COD (mg/l)
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
1.3 1.5
0
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
TDS(mg/l)
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
3
Min
142 156
4
5
9
9
4
Min
142 156 152 116 164 160 144
Max
162 180
11
16
9
14
8
Max
162 180 168 162 164 164 144
Mean 152 168 7.7
9.5
9
11.5
6
Mean 152 168 161 133 164 164 144
Figure 15
Figure 16
- 35 -
FC (MPN/100ml)
TC (MPN/100 ml)
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
0
201
1
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
420
Min
8E+05 65000 1E+06 2E+06 6000 6000
Min
4100 1700 4700 34000 420
Max
1E+06 2E+05 3E+06 2E+07 6000 1E+05
Max
4400 30000 1700 2E+06 420 15000
Mean 1700 15850 28000 5E+05 420 7710
Mean 1E+06 1E+05 2E+06 1E+07 6000 58000
Figure 17
Figure 18
Close examination of figure 13 to 18 shows that:
DO concentration is meeting the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l during 2006-2011. DO
concentration ranges between 6.1 mg/l and 17.1mg/l during same year i.e. 2008. BOD
concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 5.0 mg/l during 2006 and 2012. COD concentration
ranges between 4 mg/l and 180 mg/l during 2008/2012 and 2007 respectively. TDS
concentration ranges between 116 mg/l and 180 mg/l during 2008 & 2007 respectively. TC count
ranges between 6000 MPN/100 ml and 19900000 MPN/100 ml during 2010 and 2009
respectively. FC count ranges between 420 MPN/100ml and 1630000 MPN/100ml during 2010/
2011 and 2009 respectively.
7.3.1 River Sarsa at U/s Saini Mazra , (Punjab)
Water quality of river Sarsa is monitored at two locations : (i) U/s Saini Mazra , (Punjab) and (ii)
Badhi D/S, (Ghanoli Village), (B/C to R. Satluj) Punjab, interstate boundaries for H.P. and
Punjab
The water Quality of river Sarsa at U/s Saini Mazra , (Punjab) is monitored for year 2009-13
having 06 numbers of observations.
Summary of Observations :
Year
Observations
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Total
1
1
1
2
1
6
.
Water Quality of River Sarsa at U/s Saini Mazra , (Punjab) during 2009-2013 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 19-23 ):
- 36 -
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
100
BOD (mg/l)
COD (mg/l)
80
60
40
20
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
2009
2010
2012
Min
5
30
5
3
Min
21
85
23
Max
5
30
5
3
Max
21
85
30
Mean
5
30
5
3
Mean
21
85
26.5
Figure 19
Figure 20
TDS (mg/l)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
TC (MPN/100 ml)
2009
2010
2011
2013
Min
330
540
0.3
250
Max
330
540
0.3
Mean
330
540
0.3
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
2009
2010
2011
Min
168000
270000
2000
250
Max
168000
270000
2000
250
Mean
168000
270000
2000
Figure 21
3000
2500
Figure 22
FC (MPN/100 ml)
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2009
2010
2011
Min
900
2600
1500
Max
900
2600
1500
Mean
900
2600
1500
Figure 23
Close examination of figures 19 to 23 shows that:
BOD concentration is not within the prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l except in 2012. BOD
concentration ranges between 3 mg/l and 30mg/l during year 2012 and 2010 respectively. COD
concentration ranges between 21 mg/l and 85 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010 respectively. TDS
concentration ranges between 0.3 mg/l and 540 mg/l during year 2011 and 2010 respectively. TC
count ranges between 2000 MPN/100mland 270000 MPN/100ml during 2011 and 2010. FC
concentration ranges between 900 MPN/100ml and 2600 MPN/100ml during 2009 and 2010.
7.3.2 River Sarsa at Badhi D/S, (Ghanoli Village), (B/C to R. Satluj), Punjab
- 37 -
The water Quality of river Sarsa at Badhi D/S, (Ghanoli Village), (B/C to R. Satluj) Punjab is
monitored for year 2009-13 having 05 numbers of observations.
Summary of Observations:
Year
2009
2010
2012
2013
Total
1
2
1
1
5
Observations
Water Quality of River Sarsa at Badhi D/S, (Ghanoli Village) Punjab (B/C to R. Satluj) during
2009-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 24-26 ):
COD (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2009
2010
2012
2013
Min
1
5
3
5
Max
1
10
3
Mean
1
7.5
3
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2009
2010
2012
2013
Min
10
23
30
16
5
Max
10
49
30
16
5
Mean
10
36
30
16
Figure 24
Figure 25
TDS (mg/l)
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2009
2010
2013
Min
106
220
364
Max
106
372
364
Mean
106
296
364
Figure 26
Close examination of figures 24 to 26 shows that:
BOD concentration is not meeting to the prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l in year 2009. BOD
concentration ranges between is 1 mg/l in year 2009 whereas maximum BOD concentration is 10
mg/l in year 2010. Minimum COD concentration is 10 mg/l in year 2009 whereas maximum COD
concentration is 49 mg/l in year 2010. Minimum TDS concentration is 106 mg/l in year 2009.
Whereas maximum TDS concentration is 372 mg/l in year 2010.
7.4 River Swan at Dhangla Village, Santoshgarh (Punjab)
The water Quality of river Swan at Dhangla Village, Santoshgarh (Punjab) is monitored for year
2009-13 having 08 numbers of observations.
- 38 -
Summary of observations:
Year
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Total
2
1
2
2
1
8
Observations
River Swan at Dhangla Village, Santoshgarh (Punjab) during 2009-2013 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 27 to 31 ):
5
25
BOD (mg/l)
4
3
15
2
10
1
5
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
1
2.1
3
1
Max
4
2.1
4
Mean
2.5
2.1
3.5
Min
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
Min
4
4
10
8
4
Max
8
4
22
10
2.5
Mean
6
4
16
9
Figure 27
Figure 28
TC (MPN/100 ml)
TDS (mg/l)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
5000000
4000000
3000000
2000000
1000000
0
2009
2010
2011
Min
700000
70000
2300
146
Max
4600000
70000
4300
146
Mean 2650000
70000
3300
2009
2010
2011
2013
Min
150
312
284
146
Max
150
312
317
Mean
150
312
300.5
Figure 29
300000
250000
Figure 30
FC (MPN/100 ml)
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
COD (mg/l)
20
2009
2010
2011
Min
1020
400
900
Max
250000
400
900
Mean
125510
400
900
Figure 31
Close examination of figures 194 to 198 shows that:
- 39 -
BOD concentration is meeting the prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l in year 2010. BOD concentration
ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 4.0 mg/l during year 2012 and 2009 respectively. COD
concentration ranges between 4.0 mg/l and 22 mg/l during year 2009/2010 and 2011. TDS
concentration ranges between 146 mg/l and 317 mg/l during in year 2013 and 2011. TC count
ranges between 2300MPN/100ml and 4600000MPN/100ml during in year 2011 and 2009. FC
count ranges between 400 MPN/100ml and 250000 MPN/100ml during year 2010 and 2009.
7.5 Water Quality of River Markanda:
River Markanda is a tributary of the River Ghaggar. It originates from the southern face of the
lower Himalayas on the western extremity in the Paonta Valley. This rain-fed river has very low
flow in the winters and summers, but during monsoon the water level rises abruptly. Water quality
of river Markanda is monitored at two locations : (i) Kala Amb (H.P.) (ii) Naraingarh at interstate
boundaries for H.P. and Haryana
7.5.1 River Markanda at Kala Amb (H.P.)
The water Quality of river Markanda at Kala Amb (H.P.) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 19
numbers of observations.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
1
2006
2
2007
2
2008
3
2009
4
2010
1
2011
1
2012
3
2013
2
Total
19
Water Quality of River Markanda at Kala Amb (H.P.) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 32-27 ):
12
12
DO (mg/l)
10
10
8
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
2
3
Min
6.2
6.8
Max
6.2
7.2 8.13 10.8 11.2
Mean 6.2
7
6.4 6.79 6.8
7.3
8.3
8.5
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
4.4
9
9.9
Min
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
5
11
9.9
Max
1
2
2
1
3
4
1
11
2
4.7
9.7
9.9
Mean 1
2 1.5 1.7 2.7 2.5 1
5
2
Figure 32
Figure 33
- 40 -
350
350
COD (mg/l)
300
250
250
200
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
TDS (mg/l)
300
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013
Min
2
2
6
6
6
23
5
5
7
Min
Max
2
8
7
8
22
33
6
329
22
Max
Mean
2
5
6.5
6.7 12.3 28
206 216 196 202 214 208 240 218
206 294 224 234 244 224 270 236
Mean 206 255 210 216 228.7 216 255 227
5.5 114 14.5
Figure 34
Figure 35
FC (MPN/100 ml)
TC (MPN/100 ml)
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
16000000
14000000
12000000
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
Min 1100 8500 1E+0 3600 2E+0 1E+0 9E+0
Max 1100 3E+0 3E+0 1E+0 1E+0 1E+0 9E+0
Mean 1100 2E+0 2E+0 5E+0 9E+0 1E+0 9E+0
200 200 200 200 200 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
Min 2200 1330 4200 3500 3300 4500
Max 2200 4300 15402E+02E+02300
Mean 2200 2815 9800 75808E+01375
Figure 36
201
2
0.1
0.1
0.1
201
3
3E+0
3E+0
3E+0
Figure 37
Close examination of figure 32 to 37 shows that:
Dissolved Oxygen is well above the minimum limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2010. DO
concentration ranges 4.4 mg/l and 11.2 mg/l during year 2010 and year 2009. BOD concentration
is within the minimum limit of 3.0 mg/l except in year 2010 and 2012 .BOD concentration ranges
between 1 mg/l to 11 mg/l. COD concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 329 mg/l during year
2005/2006 and 2012. TDS concentration ranges between 196 mg/l and 294 mg/l during year 2007
and 2006. TC count ranges between 11000 MPN/100 ml and 134000000 MPN/100 ml during
2005 and year 2009 respectively. FC count ranges between 0.1 MPN/100ml and
2800000MPN/100ml during year 2012 and year 2013.
7.5.2 River Markanda at Narayangarh (Haryana)
The water Quality of River Markanda at Narayangarh (Haryana) is monitored for year 2005-13
having 17 numbers of observations.
Summary of Observation made during 2005-13:
Year
Observations
2005
1
2006
2
2007
2
2008
3
2009
4
2010
1
2011
1
2012
2
2013
1
Total
17
Water Quality of River Markanda at Narayangarh (Haryana) during 2005-2013 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 38-43 ) below:
- 41 -
10
2500
DO (mg/l)
8
6
1500
4
1000
2
500
0
BOD (mg/l)
2000
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
Min
6
6
0
2
1.5
5.6
7
0
Min
1
7
6
4.6
2
7
Max
6
6
5
6.7
5.2
4.4
9
1.2
Max
1 2340 402 784 85
6
4.6 32
7
Mean
6
6
2.5
4.4
3.3
5.6
8
0.6
Mean
1
6
4.6 17
7
2
6
Figure 38
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2
6
202 318 37
Figure 39
7000
COD (mg/l)
TDS(mg/l)
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
Min
8
Max
Mean
7
10
33
58
32
18
8
8
4700 1379 3025 514
49
20
772 39
8
2354 695 1237 222 40.5 19
390 39
0
39
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
3
Min
296 308 224 202 266 626 244 424
Max
296 6594 890 1330 1044 470 244 424
Mean 296 3451 557 661 720 244 244 424
Figure 40
Figure 41
TC (MPN/100 ml)
1.2E+09
1E+09
800000000
600000000
400000000
200000000
0
FC (MPN/100 ml)
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
13
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
13
1200 8E+0 4E+0 1E+0 8E+0 2E+0 5E+0
Min
1200 2E+0 2E+0 1E+0 1E+0 6E+0 5E+0
Max 170025002E+01E+02E+06E+02E+0
Mean 1200 1E+0 1E+0 4E+0 6E+0 3E+0 5E+0
Mean 1700191585636E+09E+05E+02E+0
Min
Max
Figure 42
1700133012601E+050005E+02E+0
Figure 43
Close examination of figure 38 to 43 shows that:
DO concentration is not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2005,
2006 and 2011. Minimum and maximum concentration of DO observed is 0 mg/l in year 2007 &
2012 and 9 mg/l in year 2011 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1mg/l to 2340
mg/l.Minimum BOD concentration observed is 1 mg/l in year 2005 whereas maximum
concentration of BOD observed is 2340 mg/l in year 2006. Minimum COD concentration
observed is 7 mg/l in year 2006 whereas maximum concentration of COD observed is 4700 mg/l
- 42 -
in year 2006. Minimum concentration of TDS observed is 202 mg/l in year 2008 whereas
maximum concentration of TDS observed is 6594 mg/l in year 2006. Minimum count of TC
observed is 12000 MPN/100ml in year 2005 whereas maximum count of TC observed is
1110000000 MPN/100ml in year 2008. Minimum count of FC observed is 1260 MPN/100ml in
year 2007 whereas maximum count of FC observed is 2400000 MPN/100ml in year 2009.
7.6 Water Quality of River Ghaggar
The Ghaggar is an intermittent river in India, flowing during the monsoon season. It originates in
the Shivalik Hills of Himachal Pradesh and flows through Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. The
Ghaggar originates in the Shivalik Range, northwestern Himachal Pradesh , and flows about 200
miles (320 km) southwest through Pinjore in the state of Haryana. It originates in the outer
Himalayas between the Yamuna and the Sutluj and enters Haryana near Pinjore. Passing
through Ambala and Hissar it reaches Bikaner in Rajasthan and runs a course of 290 miles before
finally disintegrating in the deserts of Rajasthan.
It eventually loses itself in the sands of the Thar Desert . Just Southwest of Sirsa, it feeds two
irrigation canals that extend into Rajasthan . Its seasonal flow is dependent on monsoon rainfall.
7.6.1 River Ghaggar at U/S Parwanoo (H.P.)
The water Quality of River Ghaggar at U/S Parwanoo (H.P.) is monitored for year 2005-13
having 14 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Himachal Pradesh and Haryana.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2006
1
2007
3
2008
3
2009
3
2010
1
2011
1
2012
1
2013 Total
1
14
Water Quality of River Ghaggar at U/S Parwanoo (H.P.) during 2006-2013 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 44-49):
DO (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
20
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
15
10
5
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Min
3.8
7.8
18
9.2
Max
3.8 7.06 10.2 9.8
18
9.2
Mean 3.8 6.43 9.5 8.93
18
9.2
5.8
8.3
Figure 44
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Min
27
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max
27
3
3
1
1
1
1
Mean
27
2
1
1
1
1.67 1.17
Figure 45
- 43 -
60
COD (mg/l)
50
TDS (mg/l)
600
40
500
30
400
20
300
200
10
0
100
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013
Min
51
7
3
2
5
Min
504 172 202 156 170 226 196
Max
51
8
4
9
5
Max
504 344 298 212 170 226 196
5
Mean 504 258 250 199.5 170 226 196
Mean
51
7.5
3.5
6.43
Figure 46
Figure 47
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
TC (MPN/100 ml)
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
Min
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
13
5E+0 1E+0 1E+0 6900 2500 4300 2100
Min
FC (MPN/100 ml)
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
13
49002E+0 600 2100 500 900 1100
Max 5E+0 2E+0 2E+0 3E+0 2500 4300 2100
Max 49003E+021003E+0 500 900 1100
Mean 5E+0 2E+0 7E+0 3E+0 2500 4300 2100
Mean 49003E+088677711 500 900 1100
Figure 48
Figure 49
Close examination of figure 44 to 49 shows that:
DO concentration is meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2006
which is 3.8 mg/l. DO concentration ranges between 3.8 & 18 mg/l during 2006 & 2010. BOD
concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 27 mg/l in during same year i.e. 2006. COD ranges
between 2 mg/l and 51 mg/l during year 2009 and year 2006 respectively. TDS ranges between
156 mg/l & 504 mg/l during year 2009 & year 2006 respectively. TC count ranges between 2100
MPN/100ml and 21200000 MPN/100ml during 2013 and 2008. Minimum count of FC observed
is 500 MPN/100ml in year 2010. Maximum count of FC observed is 330000 MPN/100ml in
year 2007.
7.6.2 River Ghaggar at Parwanoo D/S, Amravati, (Haryana)
The water Quality of River Ghaggar at Parwanoo D/S, Amravati, (Haryana) is monitored for year
2005-13 having 14 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and Himachal
Pradesh.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2006
1
2007
2
2008
3
- 44 -
2009
4
2010
1
2011
1
2012
1
2013
1
Total
14
Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Parwanoo D/S , Amravati, (Haryana)during 2005-2013 is
depicted in graphs (from figures 50-55 ) below:
30
DO (mg/l)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
25
20
15
10
5
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Min
3.8
7.4
7.8
7.2
Max
3.8 7.06 11.2 9.5
7.8
7.2
7.8
7.2
5.8
8.3
Mean 3.8 6.43 9.6
8.2
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Min
27
1
1
1
1
3
1
Max
27
3
3
2
1
3
1
Mean
27
2
1
3
1
Figure 50
Figure 51
60
TDS (mg/l)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1.7 1.25
COD (mg/l)
50
40
30
20
10
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Min
504
172
298
244
280
468
272
Min
51
Max
504
344
360
304
280
468
272
Max
51
Mean 504
258
329
282
280
468
272
Mean 51
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
Min
200
8
200
9
5
20
8
17
8
5
20
5
20
FC (MPN/100 ml)
25000000
200
7
5
Figure 53
TC (MPN/100 ml)
200
6
2
7.5 7.33 6.5
Figure 52
0
7
201
0
201
1
201
3
Min
5E+06 1E+07 4E+06 95000 27000 4300 13000
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
13
4900 2E+0 5000 2000 360 1500 7900
Max 5E+06 2E+07 2E+07 1E+07 27000 4300 13000
Max 4900 3E+0 1700 1E+0 360 1500 7900
Mean 5E+06 2E+07 1E+07 4E+06 27000 4300 13000
Mean 4900 3E+0 1100 4E+0 360 1500 7900
Figure 54
Figure 55
Close examination of figure 50-55 shows that:
DO concentration is above the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2006 which is
3.8 mg/l. DO concentration ranges between 3.8 mg/l and 11.2 mg/l during year 2006 & 2008.
BOD ranges between 1 mg/l and 27 mg/l during year 2006 and 2007 respectively. COD
concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 51 mg/l during year 2008 & 2006 respectively. TDS
ranges between 72 mg/l and 504 mg/l in year 2007 and 2006 respectively. TC count ranges
- 45 -
between 4300MPN/100ml and 10900000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2009 respectively.
FC count ranges between 360 MPN/100ml and 1010000 MPN/100 ml during year 2010 and
2009.
7.6.3 River Ghaggar at Mubarakpur (Punjab)
The water Quality of River Ghaggar at Mubarakpur (Punjab) is monitored for year 2006-13
having 15 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Punjab and Haryana.
Summary of Observations:
Year
Observations
2006
2
2007
2
2008
3
2009
4
2010
1
2011
1
2012
1
2013
1
Total
15
Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Mubarakpur (Punjab) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 56-61 ) below:
50
DO (mg/l)
8
6
30
4
20
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
40
10
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Min
3.4
Max
7
3.72
4.8
5.4
Mean 5.2
1.8
0
5
7.4
6.6
5
4.56 5.73
4.5
5
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Min
3
Max
16
Mean 9.5
3
12
3
38
40
4
6
4
24
14
38
40
4
6
19 10.25 38
40
4
6
3.5
Figure 56
Figure 57
COD (mg/l)
160
TDS (mg/l)
140
600
120
500
100
400
80
300
60
200
40
100
20
0
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Min
33
22
40
17
148
85
46
30
Max
56
26
72
40
148
85
46
30
Mean 44.5 24 55.6 31.5 148
85
46
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013
Min
248
168
302
264
334
514
400
Max
366
320
408
366
334
514
400
244 354.66 324
334
514
400
Mean 307
30
Figure 58
Figure 59
- 46 -
250000000
FC (MNP/100 ml)
TC (MNP/100 ml)
200000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
150000000
100000000
50000000
0
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
3
Min
4E+06 3E+06 8E+05 1E+05 1E+06 1E+05 2E+05
Max
1E+07 2E+07 2E+08 2E+07 1E+06 1E+05 2E+05
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
3
Min 1E+051E+051E+05240060542150001E+05
Max 1E+062E+062E+062E+0660542150001E+05
Mean 4E+055E+052E+056536160542150001E+05
Mean 7E+06 7E+06 3E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+05 2E+05
Figure 60
Figure 61
Close examination of figure 56 to 61 shows that:
DO concentration is not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2010.
DO concentration ranges between 1.8 mg/l and 7.4 mg/l during year 2009 and 2008 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 3 mg/l and 40 mg/l during year 2006/ 2007/2009 and 2011.
COD concentration ranges between 17 mg/l and 148 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010. TDS
observed is 168 mg/l in year 2007whereas maximum value of TDS observed is 514 mg/l in year
2011. Minimum count of TC observed is 11000MPN/100ml in year 2011 whereas maximum
count of TC observed is 211000000MPN/100ml in year 2008. Minimum count of FC observed
is 2400 MPN/100mlyear 2009 and maximum count of FC observed is 1950000 MPN/100mlin
year 2008.
7.6.4 River Ghaggar at Tiwana village (Punjab)
The water Quality of River Ghaggar at Mubarakpur (Punjab) is monitored for year 2006-13
having 15 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Punjab and Haryana.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2006
2
2007
2
2008
3
2009
4
2010
1
2011
1
2012
1
2013 Total
1
15
Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Tiwana village (Punjab) during 2006-2013 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 62-67 ) below:
25
DO (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
20
60
50
15
40
10
30
5
0
20
10
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Min
4
4
1.7
0.8
5.2
4.2
Min
12
3
3
2
25
50
18
5
Max
19.8
4.8
4.8
4.6
5.2
4.2
Max
21
5
21
23
25
50
18
5
4.2
Mean 16.5
4
11.7
15.3
25
50
18
5
Mean 11.9
4.4
3.5
2.5
5.2
- 47 -
Figure 62
Figure 63
1400
COD (mg/l)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
TDS(mg/l)
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
Min
64
20
28
18
132 121
73
28
Max
66
34
59
82
132 121
73
28
27 43.5 53.3 132 121
73
28
Mean 65
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013
Min
410
264
204
456
892 1224 546
Max
842
442
522
588
892 1224 546
Mean 626
353
363
500
892 1224 546
Figure 64
Figure 65
1200000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
16000000
14000000
12000000
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
Min
1000000
F C (MPN/100 ml)
800000
600000
400000
200000
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
3
0
1E+06 8E+05 8E+05 5E+05 7E+05 210004E+05
Min
Max 5E+06 9E+05 1E+07 1E+07 7E+05 210004E+05
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013
97000 89000 56000 37000 40000 4300 79000
Max 430000182000480000 1E+06 40000 4300 79000
Mean 3E+06 9E+05 5E+06 5E+06 7E+05 210004E+05
Mean 263500135500208333536750 40000 4300 79000
Figure 66
Figure 67
Close examination of figure 62 to 67 shows that:
Minimum concentration ranges between 0.8 mg/l and 19.8 mg/l during year 2009 and 2006
respectively. BOD Concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 50 mg/l during year 2009 and 2011
respectively. COD ranges between 18 mg/l and 132 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010 respectively.
TDS ranges between 204 mg/l and 1224 mg/l during year 2009 and 2011 respectively. TC
count ranges between 21000 MPN/100ml and 13700000 MPN/100ml
during year 2008
respectively. FC ranges between 4300 MPN/100ml and 1010000 MPN/100ml during year 2011
and 2009 respectively.
7.6.5 River Ghaggar at Sirsa Dabwali Road (Haryana)
The water Quality of River Ghaggar at Sirsa Dabwali Road (Haryana) is monitored for year 200613 having 13 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and Punjab.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2006
1
2007
2
2008
3
- 48 -
2009
4
2010
1
2011
1
2012
1
Total
13
Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Sirsa Dabwali Road (Haryana) during 2006-2013 is depicted
in graphs (from figures 68-73 ) below:
14
BOD (mg/l)
DO(mg/l)
12
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
12.2
4.2
0
0
2.4
Min
15
2
4
9
8
11
3
15
8
128
23
8
11
3
15
5
54.3
19
8
11
3
10
8
6
4
2
0
Min
12.2
4.7
6
2.1
2.4
Max
Mean 12.2
4.45
3
0.4
2.4
Mean
Max
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013
Figure 68
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Figure 69
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
COD(mg/l)
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
3
TDS (mg/l)
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
3
Min
68
72 127 47
Min
306 198 256 386 604 1026 418
Max
68 100 588 118 72 127 47
Max
306 640 1228 768 604 1026 418
Mean 68
20 143 42
60 365 80
72 127 47
Mean 306 419 730.7 577 604 1026 418
Figure 70
Figure 71
TC (MNP/100 ml)
350000000
300000000
250000000
200000000
150000000
100000000
50000000
0
FC (MNP/100 ml)
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
0
20
13
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
3
Min
3E+0 8E+0 1E+0 3E+0 2800 2E+0 1700
Min
Max
3E+0 1E+0 3E+0 1E+0 2800 2E+0 1700
Max 2E+05 2E+05 2E+0590000 200 4000011000
Mean 3E+0 9E+0 1E+0 4E+0 2800 2E+0 1700
Mean 2E+05 2E+058873310350 200 4000011000
Figure 72
2E+05 1E+0511200 2700 200 4000011000
Figure 73
Close examination of figure 68 to 73 shows that:
DO concentration is not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2006.
Minimum concentration of DO observed is 0 mg/l in year 2008 and 2009 whereas maximum
concentration of DO observed is 12.2 mg/l in year 2006. Concentration of BOD is not meeting to
the maximum prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l except in year 2013. Minimum concentration of BOD
- 49 -
observed is 2 mg/l in year 2007 whereas maximum concentration of BOD observed is 128 mg/l in
year 2008. Minimum concentration of COD observed is 20 mg/l in year 2007. Maximum
concentration of COD observed is 588 mg/l in year 2008. Minimum concentration of TDS
observed is 198 mg/l in year 2007 whereas maximum concentration of TDS observed is 1228 mg/l
in year 2008. Minimum count of TC observed is 17000MPN/100ml in year 2013 whereas
maximum count of TC observed is 308000000MPN/100mlin year 2008. Minimum count of FC
observed is 200MPN/100ml in year 2010 whereas maximum count of FC observed is
220000MPN/100ml in year 2006.
7.6.6 Ghaggar at Chandrapur Siphon (Haryana)
The water Quality of River Ghaggar at Chandrapur Siphon (Haryana) is monitored for year 2006-13
having 15 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and Punjab.
Year
Observations
2006
2
2007
2
2008
3
2009
4
2010
1
2011
1
2012
1
2013
1
Total
15
Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Chandrapur Siphon (Haryana) during 2005-2013 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 74-79 ):
100
5
DO (mg/l)
4
3
60
2
40
1
0
BOD (mg/l)
80
20
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Min
0.2
0
2.5
1.6
3.4
Max
2.6
3.2
4.2
4.5
Mean
1.4
1.6
3.4
3.2
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Min
13
4
3.4
Max
30
20
3.4
Mean 21.5
Figure 74
11
10
3
6
7
95
21
10
3
6
7
10
3
6
7
38.3 14.7
Figure 75
COD (mg/l)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
12
5
TDS (mg/l)
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013
Min
170 22
11
81
23
83
48
Min
898
244
326
445
484
352
368
Max
241 82
299 153 81
23
83
48
Max
984
740
868
445
484
352
368
Mean 205.5 52
130 85.3 81
23
83
48
Mean 941
492
628
445
484
352
368
35
Figure 76
Figure 77
- 50 -
FC (MPN/100 ml)
TC (MPN/100 ml)
350000000
300000000
250000000
200000000
150000000
100000000
50000000
0
Min
800000
700000
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
3
Min
2E+07 1E+06 2E+055E+05 9000 15000 400
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
3
2900 5200 6100 2300 200 7000 200
Max 2E+07 4E+06 3E+086E+06 9000 15000 400
Max 4400 1E+0 3E+0 8E+0 200 7000 200
Mean 2E+07 2E+06 1E+082E+06 9000 15000 400
Mean 3650 9550 1E+0 3E+0 200 7000 200
Figure 78
Figure 79
Close examination of figure 74 to 79 shows that:
DO concentration is not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0mg/l. concentration of DO
ranges between 0 mg/l and 4.5 mg/l during year 2007 and year 2009 respectively. BOD
concentrations is not meeting to the maximum prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l except in year 2011and
ranges between 3mg/l and 95 mg/l during year 2008 and year 2011 respectively. COD
concentration ranges between 11 mg/l and 299 mg/l in the same year i.e. year 2008. TDS
concentration ranges between 244 mg/l and 984 mg/l during year 2007 and year 2006 respectively.
TC count ranges between 400MPN/100ml and 317000000MPN/100ml during year 2013 and
year 2008 respectively. FC count ranges between is 200 MPN/100ml and 750000 MPN/100ml
during year 2013 and year 2008.
7.6.7 River Ghaggar at Sirdulgarh (Punjab)
The water Quality of River Ghaggar at Sirdulgarh (Punjab) is monitored for year 2006-13 having
14 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and Punjab.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2006
2
2007
2
2008
3
2009
3
2010
1
2011
1
2012
1
2013
1
Total
14
Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Sirdulgarh (Punjab) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 80-85 ):
DO (mg/l)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
100
80
60
40
20
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Min
0.1
6
0
1.4
4.6
Max
10.2
6
5.4
3.6
4.6
Mean 5.15
6
3
2.2
4.6
Figure 80
200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
Min
8
3
8
8
10
17
8
7
Max
22
64
84
21
10
17
8
7
Mean 15 33.5 36 14.3 10
17
8
7
Figure 81
- 51 -
1200
COD (mg/l)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Min
TDS (mg/l)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
21 30 20 45 71 67 111 43
Max 124 158 301 92 71 67 111 43
Mean 72.5 94 16174.7 71 67 111 43
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
3
Min
146 222 276 390 586 592 410
Max
1024 880 834 714 586 592 410
Mean 585 551 556 562 586 592 410
Figure 82
60000000
50000000
40000000
30000000
20000000
10000000
0
Min
Figure 83
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
TC (MPN/100 ml)
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
13
FC (MPN/100 ml)
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
3
8E+0 7E+036001E+010002E+04900
Min 490007500 2100 2200 100 4000022000
Max 2E+0 2E+0 5E+0 1E+010002E+04900
Max 2E+05670001650080000 100 4000022000
Mean 1E+0 2E+0 2E+0 4E+010002E+04900
Mean 1E+0537250816734400 100 4000022000
Figure 84
Figure 85
Close examination of figure 80 to 85 shows that:
DO concentration are not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2007.
DO concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 10.2 mg/l during year 2008 and 2006 respectively.
BOD concentration is exceeding to the maximum prescribed limit and ranges between 3 mg/l and
84mg/l during year 2008 and year 2007 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 20 mg/l
and 301 mg/l during same year i.e. 2008. TDS concentration ranges between 146mg/l and 1024
mg/l in the same year i.e. 2006. TC count ranges between 10000 MPN/100ml in and 19500000
MPN/100ml during 2010 and 2006 respectively. FC count ranges between 100 MPN/100ml in and
151000 MPN/100ml during 2010 and 2006 respectively.
7.6.8 River Ghaggar at Ottu Weir (Haryana)
The water Quality of River Ghaggar at Ottu Weir (Haryana) is monitored for year 2005-13 having
12 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and Rajasthan.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
1
2006
2
2007
2
2008
3
- 52 -
2009
2
2011
1
2012
1
Total
12
Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Ottu Weir (Haryana) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 86-91 )below:
DO (mg/l)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BOD (mg/l)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Min
6.1
6.6
3.14
0
2.8
Max
6.1
7
5
4
Mean
6.1
6.8
4.07
2.65
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012
Min
2
2
2
0
11
12
9
3.7
Max
2
3
6
70
13
12
9
3.3
Mean
2
2.5
4
14
12
12
9
Figure 86
Figure 87
1200
COD (mg/l)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
TDS (mg/l)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2013
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011
Min
57
90
19
17
36
129
54
Min
125
581
168
1
106
960
Max
57
90
50
252
106
129
54
Max
125
581
644
744
106
960
Mean
57
90
71
129
54
Mean
125
581
406
130.5
106
960
34.5 134.5
Figure 88
Figure 89
250000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
30000000
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
FC (MPN/100 ml)
200000
150000
100000
50000
2007
2008
2009
0
2011
2007
2008
2009
2011
85000 1980000 450000 430000
Min
7700
1300
4000
230000
Max 1180000 2.6E+07 1700000 430000
Max
27000 111000 230000 230000
Mean 632500 2890000 1075000 430000
Mean 17350
Min
Figure 90
83500 117000 230000
Figure 91
Close examination of figure 86 to 91 shows:
DO concentration is not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2005
and 2006. DO Concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 7 mg/l during year 2008 and 2006
respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 70 mg/l in the same year i.e. 2008.
BOD concentration ranges between 17 mg/l and 252 mg/l in the same year 2008. TDS ranges
between 1 mg/l and 960 mg/l during year 2008 and 2011 respectively. TC count ranges between
85000 MPN/100ml and 26000000MPN/100ml during year 2007 and 2008 respectively. FC
- 53 -
count ranges between 1300MPN/100ml and 23000000MPN/100ml during year 2008 and 2009/
2011 respectively.
7.6.9 River Ghaggar at Sirsa Hanumangarh Road (Rajasthan)
The water Quality of River Ghaggar at at Sirsa Hanumangarh Road (Rajasthan) is monitored for
year 2005-13 having 7 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and
Rajasthan. During monitoring in summer season, the river is found often dry.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
1
2007
2
2008
1
2011
1
2012
1
2013
1
Total
7
Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Sirsa Hanumangarh Road (Rajasthan) during 2005-2013 is
depicted in graphs (from figures 92-97 ):
30
DO (mg/l)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BOD (mg/l)
25
20
15
10
5
2005
2007
2008
Min
4.2
1.57
6.3
Max
4.2
6.2
6.3
Mean
4.2
3.885
6.3
0
2005 2007 2008 2011 2012 2013
Min
1.26
3
2
9
24
1
Max
1.26
4
2
9
24
1
3.5
2
9
24
1
Mean 1.26
Figure 92
Figure 93
600
COD (mg/l)
150
400
100
300
50
200
0
TDS (mg/l)
500
100
200 200 200 201 201 201
5
7
8
1
2
3
Min
23
18
30
142 104
10
Max
23
31
30
142 104
10
Mean 23 24.5 30
142 104
10
0
Figure 94
2005
2007
2008
2011
2013
Min
216
172
238
114
132
Max
216
506
238
114
132
Mean
216
339
238
114
132
Figure 95
- 54 -
2500000
TC (MNP/100 ml)
FC (MNP/100 ml)
2000000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
1500000
1000000
500000
0
2005
2007
2008
2013
2005
2007
2008
2013
28
67000
38000
4000
Min
1100 1980000 1260000 14000
Min
Max
1100 2100000 1260000 14000
Max
28
111000 38000
4000
Mean
1100 2040000 1260000 14000
Mean
28
89000
4000
Figure 96
38000
Figure 97
Close examination of figure 92 to 97 shows that:
DO concentration are not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year
2008. DO concentration ranges between 1.57 mg/l and 6.3 mg/l in the same year i.e. 2008. BOD
concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 24 mg/l during year 2013 and 2012. COD concentration
ranges between 10 mg/l and 142 mg/l during year 2013 and 2011 respectively. TDS ranges
between 114 mg/l and 506 mg/l during year 2011 and 2007 respectively. TC count ranges
between 1100 MPN/100ml and 2100000MPN/100 ml in year 2005 and 2007. FC count ranges
between 28 MPN/100ml and 111000 MPN/100ml during year 2005 and 2007 respectively.
7.7 Water Quality of River Ganga
River Bhagirathi and river Alaknanda originate in Garhwal Himalayas and join at Devprayag to
form River Ganga. River Ganga traverses through Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand
and West Bengal and thereafter enters Bangladesh. The important tributaries of Ganga are the
Yamuna, the Kali, the Ramganga, the Ghaghra, the Gandak, the Kosi, and the Sone.
7.7.1 River Ganga at Sultanpur (Uttrakhand)
The water Quality of River Ganga at Sultanpur (Uttrakhand) is monitored for year 2005-13 having
22 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Uttrakhand.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
1
2006
2
2007
2
2008
3
2009
4
2010
2
2011
1
2012
3
2013 Total
4
22
Water Quality of River Ganga at Sultanpur (Uttrakhand) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 98-103 ):
- 55 -
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
DO (mg/l)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
3
Min
7.2 8.4 8.4 6.8
Max
7.2
8
8.8 10.02
12 8.43 10.3 9.6 8.8 10.8
Mean 7.2 10.2 8.415 8.4 8.9 8.8 10.4
Min
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Max
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
Mean 1
1
1
2
2
1
1 1.3 1
Figure 98
Figure 99
300
COD (mg/l)
25
20
15
10
5
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
250
TDS (mg/l)
200
150
100
50
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 3
Min
12 2
2
3 17 7
5
Min
92 106 100 94 102 118 90 116
Max
12 7
6 20 9 17 7
8
Max
92 126 102 112 140 118 90 242
6
Mean 12 4.5 4 11 5.5 17 7 6.5
Mean 92 116 101 106 119 118 90 169
Figure 100
Figure 101
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
TC (MPN/100 ml)
40000000
35000000
30000000
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
Min
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
13
2E+02E+07E+0750018006E+01300
Min
FC(MPN/100 ml)
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
3
3300 1110 7000 1190 3600 4000 200
Max 2E+07E+03E+04E+03E+06E+06300
Max 3300 5500 7100 2E+0 5700 4000 4300
Mean 2E+04E+01E+01E+01E+06E+03215
Mean 3300 3305 7050 6230 2467 4000 2160
Figure 102
Figure 103
Close examination of figure 98 to 103 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 6.8 mg/l and 12.0 mg/l during year 2008 and 2006 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l during year 2005-13. COD concentration
ranges between 2 mg/l and 20 mg/l during year 2006/2007 and 2008 respectively. TDS ranges
between 90 mg/l and 242 mg/l during year 2011 and 2013. TC count ranges between 1300
- 56 -
MPN/100ml and 35000000 MPN/100ml during year 2013 and 2008 respectively. FC count
ranges between 200MPN/100ml and 153000 MPN/100ml during year 2013 and 2008
respectively.
7.7.2 River Ganga at Bijnour (U.P.)
The water Quality of River Ganga at at Bijnour (U.P.) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 16
numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Uttrakhand.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
1
2006
1
2007
2
2008
1
2009
4
2010
1
2011
1
2012
3
2013
2
Total
16
Water Quality of River Ganga at Bijnour (U.P.) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from
figures 104-109):
BOD (mg/l)
DO (mg/l)
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
8
6
4
2
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
2
3
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
Min
8
9
7
6.6 8.21 8.4 8.2
Min
8
9
8.2
7
6.6 8.21 0.6
Max
8
9 8.33 9
9.5 8.21 8.4 8.2
Max
8
9
8.33
9
9.5 8.21 0.6
2
Mean
8
9 8.26 7.8 8.2 8.21 8.4 8.2
Mean
8
9
8.26 7.8
8.2 8.21 0.6
1.3
8.2
Figure 104
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1
Figure 105
COD (mg/l)
TDS (mg/l)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
Min
13
2
5
6
3
8
8
7
Max
13
2
13
13
10
8
8
11
Mean 13
2
9
8.3
7
8
8
9
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 13
Min
124 148 102 78 100 136 94 126
Max
124 148 124 152 126 136 94 242
Mean 124 148 113 115 115 136 94 184
Figure 106
Figure 107
- 57 -
10000000
TC (MNP/100 ml)
8000000
FC(MNP/100 ml)
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
3
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
3
Min
1E+0 2E+0 5E+0 3E+0 5300 7E+0 1E+0
Min 910003100031000 900 11100510079000
Max
1E+0 2E+0 8E+0 9E+0 3E+0 7E+0 1E+0
Max 9100031000840009E+053E+05510079000
Mean 1E+0 2E+0 4E+0 4E+0 1E+0 7E+0 1E+0
Mean 9100031000575003E+051E+05510079000
Figure 108
Figure 109
Close examination of figure 104 to 109 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 6.6 mg/l and 9.5 mg/l in year 2009 only. BOD concentration
ranges between 0.6 mg/l and 9.5 mg/l during year 2011 and 2009 respectively. COD
concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 13 mg/l during year 2006 and 2005,2008
respectively. TDS ranges between 78 mg/l and 242 mg/l during 2008 and 2013 respectively. TC
count ranges between 53000 MPN/100ml and 8900000 MPN/100ml during year 2009 and 2008
respectively. FC count ranges between 900 MPN/100ml and 91000000 MPN/100ml during year
2008 and 2010 respectively.
7.8 River Dhela at Adampur Village, Bhojpur
The water Quality of River Dhela at Adampur Village, Bhojpur is monitored for year 2005-13
having 13 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Uttrakhand.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2008
2
2009
3
2010
1
2011
2
2012
3
2013
2
Total
13
Water Quality of River Dhela at Adampur Village, Bhojpur during 2005-2013 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 110-114 ):
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
BOD (mg/l)
COD (mg/l)
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
200 200 201 201 201 201
8
9
0
1
2
3
Min
20
63 105
6
65
Max
41 340 105
6
131 35
Mean 30 167 105
6
105 35
35
Figure 110
200 200 201 201 201 201
8
9
0
1
2
3
Min
117 307 236
78
173
Max
210 1044 236
78
333 188
Mean 163.5778.3 236
78
264 125
Figure 111
- 58 -
62
TDS (mg/l)
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
TC(MNP/100ml)
160000000
140000000
120000000
100000000
80000000
60000000
40000000
20000000
0
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
Min
480
832
540
274
428
194
Min
Max
652 1616 540
444
428
426
Max 2E+082E+072E+075E+067E+052E+071E+06
Mean 566 1167.3 540
359
428
310
Mean 9E+071E+078E+063E+067E+058E+061E+06
200
8
200
9
201
1
201
2
201
0
201
1
201
3
3E+071E+0593000430007E+05930001E+06
Figure 112
Figure 113
FC (MNP/100 ml)
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
3
Min
1E+06 41000 6800 43000 460000
Max
3E+06 9E+06 6800 $5,40 460000
Mean 2E+06 3E+06 6800 3E+06 460000
Figure 114
Close examination of figure 110 to 114 shows that:
BOD concentration ranges between 6.0 mg/l and 340 mg/l during year 2011 and 2009
respectively. COD concentration ranges between 62 mg/l and 1044 mg/l during year 2013 and
2009 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 194 mg/l and 1616 during year 2013 and
2009 respectively. TC count ranges between 43000 MPN/100ml and 152000000 MPN/100 ml
during year 2010 and 2008 respectively. FC count ranges between 6800 MPN/100ml and
8800000MPN/100ml during year 2011 and 2009 respectively.
7.9 River Bahela at Badli Village, Tehseel - Tanda (U.P.)
The water Quality of River Bahela at Badli Village, Tehseel - Tanda (U.P.) is monitored for year
2005-13 having 12 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Uttrakhand.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
0
2006
0
2007
0
2008
2
2009
3
2010
1
2011
2
2012
3
2013
1
Water Quality of River Bahela at Badli Village, Tehseel - Tanda (U.P.) during 2005-2013 is
depicted in graphs (from figures 115-120 ):
- 59 -
Total
12
2
DO (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
1.5
200
1
150
100
0.5
0
50
0
2010
2011
2012
Min
1
1
0.2
Min
2
44
76
70
2
26
Max
1
1
1.5
Max
9
145
76
70
69
26
Mean
1
1
0.6
Mean 5.5 94.5
76
70
27
26
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Figure 115
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Figure 116
2500
COD (mg/l)
TDS (mg/l)
2000
1500
1000
500
200 200 201 201 201 201
8
9
0
1
2
3
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Min
18
138 159 180 101
79
Min
402
654
264
334
796
240
Max
186 1148 159 180 789
79
Max
422
2012
264
676
796
240
Mean 412
1333
264
505
796
240
Mean 102 643 159 180 311.3 79
Figure 117
90000000
80000000
70000000
60000000
50000000
40000000
30000000
20000000
10000000
0
Figure 118
12000000
TC(MNP/100ml)
10000000
FC (MNP/100 ml)
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
2008
2009
2010
2011
0
2013
2008
2009
2010
2011
2013
18
Min
60000 1E+06 7200 40000
18
3E+06 8E+07 250000 1E+06
18
Max
93000 1E+07 7200 240000
18
Mean 2E+06 4E+07 250000820000
18
Mean 76500 7E+06 7200 140000
18
Min
Max
1E+06 7E+06 250000540000
Figure 119
Figure 120
Close examination of figure 115 to 120 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 0.2 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l in the same year 2012. BOD
concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 145 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009 respectively. COD
concentration ranges between 18 mg/l and 1148 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009 respectively.
TDS ranges between 264 mg/l and 2012 mg/l during year 2010 and 2009 respectively. TC ranges
between 18 MPN/100ml and 78000000MPN/100ml during year 2013 and 2009 respectively. FC
ranges between 18MPN/100ml and 10100000 MPN/100ml during year 2013 and 2009.
- 60 -
7.10 River Kitchha at Pull Bhatta, Bareili Road, (Uttrakhand)
The water Quality of River Kitchha at Pull Bhatta, Bareili Road, (Uttrakhand) is monitored for
year 2008-13 having 14 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and
Uttrakhand.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2008
2
2009
3
2010
1
2011
2
2012
4
2013
2
Total
14
Water Quality of River Kitchha at Pull Bhatta, Bareili Road, (Uttrakhand) during 2005-2013 is
depicted in graphs (from figures 121-126 ):
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
DO (mg/l)
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
BOD (mg/l)
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Min
22
4.7
2.2
2.5
5.6
5.6
Min
0
4
6
8
4
3
Max
26
7.7
2.2
6.8
6.8
5.6
Max
4.3
9
12
8
10
13
Mean
24
5.8
2.2
4.7
6.2
5.6
Mean 2.15
6.5
9
8
7.3
8
Figure 121
100
Figure 122
COD (mg/l)
80
TDS (mg/l)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
60
40
20
0
200 200 201 201 201 201
8
9
0
1
2
3
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Min
0.8
14
50
89
8
15
Min
Max
5
36
55
89
42
55
Max
450
410
426
438
316
534
35
Mean
420
367.5
352
339
316
530
Mean 2.9
24
52.5
89
24.7
390
325
248
240
316
526
Figure 123
Figure 124
TC (MNP/100 ml)
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
FC (MNP/100ml)
20
13
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2013
Min
7E+0 7100 1000 5E+0 1700
Min
7E+06 1300
300
93000
780
Max
9E+0 2E+0 1000 2E+0 1700
Max
9E+06 6000
300
2E+06
780
Mean 8E+06 3650
300
1E+06
780
Mean 8E+0 8E+0 1000 2E+0 1700
Figure 125
Figure 126
- 61 -
Close examination of figure 121 to 126 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 2.2 mg/l and 26 mg/l during year 2010 and 2008 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 13 mg/l year 2008 and 2013 respectively. COD
concentration ranges between 0.8 mg/l and 89 mg/l during year 2008 and 2011 respectively.
TDS ranges between 240 mg/l and 534 mg/l during 2011 and 2013 respectively. TC count
ranges between 1700 MPN/100ml and 16000000 MPN/100ml during year 2013 and 2011
respectively. FC count ranges between 300 MPN/100ml and 9200000 MPN/100ml during year
2010 and 2008 respectively .
7.11 River Kosi at Dadiyal Bridge, (Uttrakhand)
The water Quality of River Kosi at Dadiyal Bridge, (Uttrakhand) is monitored for year 2008-13
having 13 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Uttrakhand.
Summary of observations :
Year
Observations
2008
2
2009
3
2010
1
2011
2
2012
3
2013
2
Total
13
Water Quality of River Kosi at Dadiyal Bridge, (Uttrakhand) during 2005-2013 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 127-132 ):
DO (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
12
12
10
10
8
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Min
6.4
3.5
7.6
6.8
6.2
Min
5
2
1
4
8
1
Max
7.4
7.8
7.6
5.4
10.4
Max
3.5
10
2
4
8.2
2
6
7.6
6.1
8.3
Mean
3
5
1.5
4
8.1
1.5
Mean 6.9
Figure 127
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Figure 128
COD (mg/l)
TDS (mg/l)
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Min
16
18
12
32
33
14
Max
29
32
35
32
82
19
Mean 22.5 25.7 36.5
32
200 200 201 201 201 201
8
9
0
1
2
3
Min
332 270 330 290 268 296
Max
380 372 330 296 268 296
Mean 356 315.7 330 293 268 296
57.5 16.5
- 62 -
Figure 129
Figure 130
3000000
FC (MPN/100 ml)
TC (MPN/100 ml)
2500000
2000000
250000
1500000
200000
1000000
150000
100000
500000
50000
0
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
3
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2013
Min
2E+06 44000 20000 17000 79000
Min 119000 2700
Max
2E+06 2E+06 43000 43000 79000
Max 156000220000 9000 7000 13000
700
Mean 13750085900 700
Mean 2E+06 1E+06 31500 30000 79000
Figure 131
4500 13000
5750 13000
Figure 132
Close examination of figure 127 to 132 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 3.5 mg/l and 10.4 mg/l during year 2010 and 2012 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 10 mg/l during year 2010/2013 and 2009. COD
concentration ranges between 12 mg/l and 82 mg/l during year 2010 and 2012. TDS concentration
ranges between observed is 268 mg/l in year 2012 whereas maximum concentration of TDS
observed is 380 mg/l in year 2008. Minimum count of TC observed is 17000 MPN/100ml in year
2011. Maximum count of TC observed is 2400000 MPN/100ml in year 200 while minimum
count of FC observed is 700 MPN/100ml in year 2010 whereas maximum count of FC observed
is 220000 MPN/100ml in year 2009.
7.12 River Pilakhar at Rampur , Bhot (Uttar Pradesh)
The water Quality of river Pilakhar at Rampur , Bhot (Uttar Pradesh) is monitored for year 200913 having 07 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Uttrakhand.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2009
1
2010
1
2011
1
2012
3
2013
1
Total
7
Water Quality of River Pilakhar at Rampur, Bhot (Uttar Pradesh) during 2005-2013 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 133-138 ):
DO (mg/l)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
5
4
3
2
1
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
Min
9.6
8.4
7.8
10.8
Min
2
1
4
3
3
Max
9.6
8.4
7.8
11.2
Max
2
1
4
4
3
Mean
9.6
8.4
7.8
11
Mean
2
1
4
3.3
3
- 63 -
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Figure 133
Figure 134
500
COD (mg/l)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
400
TDS (mg/l)
300
200
100
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
200 201 201 201 201
9
0
1
2
3
Min
13
20
32
12
15
Min
342 416 400 278 412
Max
13
20
32
29
15
Max
342 416 400 278 412
Mean
13
20
32
20.3
15
Mean 342 416 400 278 412
Figure 135
Figure 136
5000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
1600000
1400000
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
4000
3000
2000
1000
2011
2013
0
1400000 7000
90
14000
Max 1400000 7000
90
14000
Mean 1400000 7000
90
14000
Min
FC (MNP/100 ml)
2009
2010
Figure 137
2009
2010
2011
2013
Min
1200
500
40
4500
Max
1200
500
40
4500
Mean 1200
500
40
4500
Figure 138
Close examination of figures 133 to 138 shows that:
DO concentration is not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l. Minimum DO
concentration ranges between 7.8 mg/l and 11.2 mg/l during year 2011 and year 2012
respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 4 mg/l during year 2010 and 2011
/2012 respectively. COD concentration ranges 12 mg/l and 32 mg/l during year 2012 and year
2011. TDS concentration ranges between 278 mg/l and 416 mg/l during year 2012 and year
2010 respectively. TC count ranges between 90 MPN/100ml and 1400000 MPN/100 ml during
year 2011 and 2009. FC count ranges between 40MPN/100ml and 4500 MPN/100ml during year
2011 and 2013 respectively.
7.13 Water Quality of River Ravi
The water Quality of river Ravi is monitored at (i) Madhopur U/S, (Punjab) and (ii) at Lakhanpur,
D/s Madhopur (Jammu and Kashmir) at the interstate boundaries of Punjab and Jammu &
Kashmir.
7.13.1 River Ravi at Madhopur U/S, (Punjab)
The water Quality of river Ravi at Madhopur U/S, (Punjab) is monitored for year 2009-13 having
07 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir.
- 64 -
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2009
1
2010
1
2011
2
2012
2
2013
1
Total
7
Water Quality of River Ravi at Madhopur U/S, (Punjab) during 2009-2013 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 139-142 ):
BOD (mg/l)
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
COD (mg/l)
2009
2010
2011
Min
1
1
1
Max
1
1
2
Mean
1
1
1.5
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2009
2010
2011
Min
10
3
5
Max
10
3
6
Mean
10
3
5.5
Figure 139
Figure 140
TC (MNP/100 ml)
TDS (mg/l)
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
2009
2010
2011
Min
370
144
150
Max
370
144
Mean
370
144
0
2009
2010
2011
Min
95000
23000
4300
104
Max
95000
23000
9300
127
Mean
95000
23000
6800
Figure 141
5000
Figure 142
FC (MNP/100 ml )
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
2009
2010
2011
Min
620
220
900
Max
620
220
4300
Mean
620
220
2600
Figure 143
Close examination of figure 139 to 143 shows that:
- 65 -
BOD concentration is well within the maximum prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l and it was 1 mg/l in
each observation made during 2009-10. Minimum concentration of COD observed is 3 mg/l in
year 2010 whereas maximum concentration of COD observed is 10 mg/l in year 2009. Minimum
concentration of TDS observed is 144mg/l in year 2010 and maximum concentration of TDS
observed is 370 mg/l in year 2009. Minimum count of TC observed is 4300MPN/100ml in year
2011. Maximum count of TC observed is 95000 MPN/100ml in year 2009. Minimum count of FC
observed is 220MPN/100ml in year 2010. Maximum count of FC observed is 4300 MPN/100ml
in year 2011.
7.13.2 River Ravi at Lakhanpur, D/s Madhopur (Jammu and Kashmir )
The water Quality of river Ravi at Lakhanpur, D/s Madhopur (Jammu and Kashmir) is
monitored for year 2010-12 having 04 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of
Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2010
1
2011
2
2012
1
Total
4
Water Quality of River Ravi at Lakhanpur, D/s Madhopur (Jammu) during 2010-2012 is depicted
in graphs (from figures 144-145 ):
2.5
BOD(mg/l)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2010
2011
2012
Min
2
1
1
Max
2
1
Mean
2
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
COD(mg/l)
2010
2011
2012
Min
5
1
6
1
Max
5
1
6
1
Mean
5
1
6
Figure 144
Figure 145
Close examination of figures 144-145 shows that :
BOD concentration is well within the maximum prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l. Minimum COD
concentration observed was 1 mg/l in the year 2011. Maximum COD concentration observed
was 6 mg/l in the year 2012.
7.14 Water Quality of River Yamuna
7.14.1 River Yamuna at Dak Pathar (Uttarakhnad)
Water Quality of River Yamuna at Dak Pathar (Uttrakhand) is monitored for 2005-13 having 16
Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttrakhand and Himachal Pradesh.
Summary of observations:
- 66 -
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1
2
4
2
4
4
Observations
2012 2013 Total
2
3
Water Quality of River Yamuna at Dak Pathar (Uttrakhand) during 2005-2013 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 146-151):
DO (mg/l)
15
10
5
0
Min
BOD (mg/l)
30
20
10
0
200 200 200 201 201 201
7
8
9
0
2
3
2009
2010
2011
2012
9.6
8.4
7.8
10.8
Min
1
Max
9.6
8.4
7.8
11.2
Max
Mean
9.6
8.4
7.8
11
Mean
1
1
2
26
1
2
3.8
2
26
2
1
1.5
2.2
2
26
1.4
Figure 146
Figure 147
200
COD (mg/l)
100
80
60
40
20
0
TDS (mg/l)
150
100
50
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012
Min
10
Max
10
Mean
10
2
12
10
7
13
29
28
6.3
20.3
19
2006 2007 2009 2010 2013
6
Min
142
105
133
162
74
7
77
Max
142
105
133
162
130
7
41.5
Mean 142
105
133
162
96
Figure 148
Figure 149
50000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
40000
FC (MNP/100 ml)
30000
20000
10000
2007
2009
2010
2013
18000
21
9100
21
45000
14000
Mean 544500 26510.5 24775
4697
Min
1
Max 1030000 53000
0
Figure 150
2007
2009
2010
2013
Min
200
500
510
11000
Max
39000
500
7000
11000
Mean 15725
500
2617.5
11000
Figure 151
Close examination of figures 146 to 151 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 6.7 mg/l and 10.2 mg/l during year 2009 and 2007
respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 26mg/l during year 2007 and
2011 respectively. COD concentrations ranges between 2 mg/l and 77 mg/l during year
2007 and 2012 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 74 mg/l and 162 mg/l
during year 2013 and 2010 respectively. TC count ranges 21 MPN/100 and 1030000
MPN/100 during year 2009 and 2007 respectively. FC count ranges between 200
MPN/100 ml and 39000 MPN/100 ml during the year 2007.
- 67 -
22
7.14.2 River Yamuna at Pontasahib (H. P.)
The water Quality of river Ravi Yamuna at Pontasahib (H. P.) is monitored for year 2005-13
having 28 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
1
2006
2
2007
4
2008
4
2009
4
2010 2011 2012
4
4
4
2013
1
Water Quality of River Yamuna at Pontasahib (H. P.) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 152-157 ):
4
DO (mg/l)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
Min
6.2 6.5 7.8 6.3 7.7 7.1 6.1 6.1
Max
6.2 8.5 10.6 9.5 8.8 10.7 9.9
Mean 6.2 7.5
9
8
0
8
8.1 8.6 7.8 7.2
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Min
1
2
1
1
1
0
0.8
1.2
Max
1
3.64
1
1
2
2
1.2
1.4
Mean
1
2.82
1
1
1.3
1
1
1.3
Figure 152
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Figure 153
COD (mg/l)
TDS (mg/l)
500
400
300
200
100
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
Min
5
13
1
3
5
10
2.4 2.4
6
Max
5
22
9
7
24
30
4.6 3.2
6
Mean
5
17.5
4
5.3 12.5 17.7 3.4
3
6
Figure 154
2005 2006 2008 2011 2012 2013
Min
190
220
270
169
151
168
Max
190
250
414
304
185
168
Mean 190
235
365 236.3 171.3 168
Figure 155
- 68 -
Total
28
600000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
3500000
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
Min
FC (MPN/100 ml)
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
6305606101E+800120 10 16 170
Max 6308609E+4E+3E+4E+ 20 29 170
Mean 6307104E+3E+1E+2E+ 15 22 170
Min
5900 3200 240 140 4000 2000 7
6 1100
Max
5900 4200 5100 2300 5E+0 7000 14
16 1100
Mean 5900 3700 1462 1421 2E+0 4000 10.3 11.5 1100
Figure 156
Figure 157
Close examination of figures 152 to 157 shows that:
Dissolved Oxygen concentration ranges between 6.1mg/l and 10.7 mg/l during 2011 and 2010
respectively. BOD concentration ranges 0 mg/l and 3.64 mg/l during year 2010 and 2006
respectively. COD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 30 mg/l during the year 2010 .
TDS concentration ranges between 151 mg/l and 414 mg/l during year 2012 and 2008
respectively. TC count ranges between 10 MPN/100ml and 3300000 MPN/100 ml during year
2011 and 2009 respectively. FC count ranges between 6MPN/100ml and 30000MPN/100ml
during year 2012 and 2009 respectively.
7.14.3 River Yamuna at Buriya U/S Jagadhari, Mandoli, (Haryana)
The water Quality of river Yamuna at Buriya U/S Jagadhari, Mandoli, (Haryana) is monitored
for year 2005-13 having 17 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and
H.P.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
1
2006
2
2007 2008
2
3
2009
4
2010
1
2012
2
2013
2
Total
17
Water Quality of River Yamuna at Buriya U/S Jagadhari, Mandoli, (Haryana) during 2005-2013
is depicted in graphs (from figures 158-163 ):
5
DO (mg/l)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
4
3
2
1
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 12 13
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3
Min
12
8 7.2 1 7.8 9 8.2 8.5
Min
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
Max
12 9.4 8.04 2 10.4 9 8.4 8.5
Max
1
2
2
2
4
1
2
3
Mean
1
1
1.5
3
Mean 12 8.7 7.62 1.3 9.3 9 8.3 8.5
Figure 158
1.5 1.3 1.5 2.5
Figure 159
- 69 -
250
COD (mg/l)
25
20
15
10
5
0
TDS (mg/l)
200
150
100
50
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
3
Min
13
2
4
6
4
4
22
6
Min
185 166 92
Max
13
9
6
10 17
9
22 11
Max
185 224 118 156 212 140 105
Mean 13 5.5 5 7.7 9.8 6.5 22 8.5
62 140 105
Mean 185 140 105 124 139.5 140 105
Figure 160
35000000
30000000
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
92
Figure 161
5000000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
FC(MPN/100 ml)
4000000
3000000
2000000
1000000
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
3
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
13
Min
6200 2E+0 3E+0 5E+0 9300 7E+0 4900
Min
Max
6200 2E+0 1E+0 3E+0 2E+0 7E+0 4900
Max 1080133043004E+0 2E+067004900
Mean 6200 2E+0 7E+0 1E+0 8E+0 7E+0 4900
Mean 1080910033001E+0 7E+067004900
108049002300 900 230067004900
Figure 162
Figure 163
Close examination of figures 158 to 163 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 12.0 mg/l during 2008 and 2005. BOD
concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 4 mg/l in year 2009. COD concentration ranges
between 2 mg/l and 22 mg/l during year 2006 and 2012 respectively. TDS concentration ranges
between 62 mg/l and 224 mg/l during year 2009 and 2006 respectively. TC count ranges between
4900 MPN/100ml and 30000000 MPN/100ml during year 2013 and 2008 respectively. FC count
ranges between 900MPN/100ml and 3900000 MPN/100ml in the year 2008.
7.14.4 Yamuna at Sonipat Baghpat Road (Haryana)
The water Quality of river Yamuna at Sonipat Baghpat Road (Haryana) is monitored for year
2005-13 having 25 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and H.P.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
1
2006
1
2007
3
2008
3
2009
4
2010
4
2011
4
2012
3
2013
2
Total
25
Water Quality of River Yamuna at Sonipat Baghpat Road (Haryana) during 2005-2013 is
depicted in graphs (from figures 164-168 ):
- 70 -
BOD (mg/l)
DO (mg/l)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
8
6
4
2
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Min
6.1 6.4 6.5 4.5 6.3 6.8 6.2 6.7
Min
1
3 6.5 2
1
1
2
1
2
Max
6.1 6.4 8.2 9.1 7.6 11.3 9.2 9
Max
1
3 8.2 3
3
2
3
1
2
3 7.3 2.5 2 1.5 2.3 1
2
Mean 6.1 6.4 7.25 7.2 7 9.1 7.6 9
Mean 1
Figure 164
Figure 165
COD (mg/)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
TC(MPN/100 ml)
8000000
7000000
6000000
5000000
4000000
3000000
2000000
1000000
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Min
4
11
5
0
Min
Max
4
11 13 27 24 74 20
9
Max 8005507E+7E+5E+6105E+7E+490
Mean 4
6
11 20
8
8005502202E+2E+700490900330
Mean 8005503E+2E+2E+3402E+6E+261
11 10 18.3 22 41 12.5 7.8
Figure 166
Figure 167
FC (MPN/100 ml)
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
Min
3400 920 800 7800 5900 3300 1700 9000 1300
Max
3400 920 1E+054E+053E+054000430004300022000
Mean 3400 920 326701E+052E+053650171753392511650
Figure 168
** TDS was not analyzed at River Yamuna at Sonipat - Baghpat Road (Haryana).
Close examination of figures 164 to 168 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 4.5 mg/l and 11.3 mg/l in 2008 and 2010 respectively. BOD
concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 8.2 mg/l during year 2007. COD concentration is 0
mg/l and 74 mg/l during year 2010 and 2012 respectively. TC count ranges between 3300
MPN/100ml and 7200000 MPN/100ml during year 2013 and 2012 respectively. FC count ranges
between 800 MPN/100ml and 390000 MPN/100ml during year 2007 and 2008 respectively.
7.14.5 River Yamuna at Palla, Wazirabad (Delhi)
- 71 -
The water Quality of river Yamuna at Palla, Wazirabad (Delhi) is monitored for year 2005-12
having 25 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and Delhi.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
1
2006
1
2007
4
2008
4
2009
4
2010
4
2011
4
2012
3
Total
25
Water Quality of River Yamuna at Palla, Wazirabad (Delhi) during 2005-2012 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 169-174 ):
25
DO (mg/l)
20
BOD (mg/l)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
15
10
5
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
Min
7.2 7.8 5.5 6.6 5.5 5.9 7.1 6.1
Min
1
5
2
1
1
1
1
2
Max
7.2 7.8 10.7 9.2 9.1 6.1 9.3 7.2
Max
1
5
6
3
4
1
3
2
Mean 1
5
4 1.8 2
1
2
2
Mean 7.2 7.8 8.35 7.9 7.3 21.4 8.2 6.5
Figure 169
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Figure 170
500
COD (mg/l)
TDS (mg/l)
400
300
200
100
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5 6 7 8 9 0 1
Min
3
14 10
11
Min
280 306 330 132 156 124 250
Max
3
14 27 17 13 32 27 18
Max
280 306 394 328 366 250 250
Mean 3
14 18.510.5 7.8 14.714.3 14
Mean 280 306 362 245 223 212 250
4
3
4
7
Figure 171
Figure 172
FC (MPN/100 ml)
TC (MPN/100 ml)
20000000
20000000
15000000
15000000
10000000
10000000
5000000
5000000
0
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Min 42006400160052002500900070001600
Min
Max 420064002E+02E+06E+0410024001700
Max 195 190 2E+ 2E+ 6E+ 410 460 160
Mean 420064004E+01E+03E+0252514501666
Mean 195 190 4E+ 1E+ 3E+ 252 195 876
Figure 173
195 190 160 520 250 900 400 230
Figure 174
- 72 -
Close examination of figures 169 to 174 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 5.5 mg/l and 10.7 mg/l during year 2007 and 2009. BOD
concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 6 mg/l in the year 2007. COD concentration ranges
between 3 mg/l and 32 mg/l during year 2005 and 2010. TDS concentration ranges between 124
mg/l and 394 mg/l in year 2010 and 2007 respectively. TC count ranges between 7000 MPN/100
ml and 17700000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2007 respectively. FC count ranges between
1900MPN/100ml and 17700000 MPN/100ml during year 2006 and 2007.
7.14.6 Yamuna at Asgarpur village, (U.P.)
The water Quality of river Yamuna at Asgarpur village, (U.P.) is monitored for year 2005-13
having 17 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Delhi.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
1
2006
2
2007
2
2008
3
2009 2010 2011
4
1
1
2012
1
2013 Total
2
17
Water Quality of River Yamuna, Asgarpur village, U.P. (Delhi/UP Border) during 2005-2013 is
depicted in graphs (from figures 175-179 ):
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
BOD (mg/l)
COD (mg/l)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
Min
6 45 25 18 20 103 9
5
6
Min
28 132 88
73 282 24
23
25
Max
6 50 29 42 35 103 9
5
6
Max
152 152 97 231 122 282 24
23
25
6
Mean 132 88 92.5 153 89 282 24
23
25
Mean 6 48 27 29 27 103 9
5
Figure 175
1200
1000
TDS (mg/l)
Figure 176
200000000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
150000000
800
600
100000000
400
50000000
200
0
85
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
13
Min
540 958 890 610 552 836 300 416 298
Min
1E+0 9E+0 8E+0 1E+0 3E+0 5E+0 2E+0 4E+0
Max
540 958 958 792 938 836 300 416 630
Max
1E+0 1E+0 3E+0 2E+0 1E+0 5E+0 2E+0 4E+0
Mean 540 958 924 701 753 836 300 416 464
Mean 1E+0 9E+0 2E+0 8E+0 7E+0 5E+0 2E+0 4E+0
Figure 177
Figure 178
- 73 -
12000000
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
Min
FC (MPN/100 ml)
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
13
3E+0 9E+0 3E+0 2E+0 1E+0 9200 4300 2E+0
Max 3E+0 4E+0 9E+0 1E+0 4E+0 9200 4300 2E+0
Mean 3E+0 2E+0 4E+0 5E+0 1E+0 9200 4300 2E+0
Figure 179
Close examination of figures 175 to 179 shows that:
BOD concentration ranges between 5 mg/l and 103 mg/l during year 2012 and 2010 respectively
COD concentration ranges between 23 mg/l and 282 mg/l during year 2012 and 2010
respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 298 mg/l and 958 mg/l during year 2013 and
2007 respectively. TC count 240000 MPN/100ml and 178000000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011
and 2008. FC count ranges between 43000 MPN/100ml and 11200000MPN/100ml during year
2011 and year 2008 respectively.
7.14.7 Yamuna at Mohena Palwal Road (Haryana)
The water Quality of river Yamuna at Mohena Palwal Road (Haryana) is monitored for year
2005-13 having 18 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Delhi.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
1
2006
2
2007
2
2008
3
2009
4
2010
4
2013
2
Total
18
Water Quality of River Mohena Palwal Road (Haryana) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 180-185 ):
DO (mg/l)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
Min
0
Max
6.4
Mean
2
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
3
0 3.28
Min
13
10
8
4
7
2
5
8 12.1 2.5 3.5 2.8 3.28
Max
32
21
37
26
24
24
5
0
0
0
0
Mean 24.3 16.5 22.5 14.5 17.3 14.3 5
3.4 4.6 1.1 1.3 1.6 3.3
Figure 180
Figure 181
- 74 -
120
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
COD (mg/l)
100
80
60
40
20
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
3
TDS (mg/l)
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
3
Min
39
55
41
55
36
35
Min
Max
79
74 107 75
74
79
35
Max 1162 442 470 452 1042 534 720
Mean 61 67.8 79 61.3 65 54.8 35
Mean 774 299 336.8372.5780.5374.7 509
34
386 190 235 220 222 194 298
Figure 182
Figure 183
12000000
120000000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
100000000
80000000
8000000
60000000
6000000
40000000
4000000
20000000
2000000
0
Min
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
FC (MPN/100 ml)
10000000
20
10
0
20
13
Min
2E+0 2E+0 2E+0 6E+0 9E+0 2E+0 3300
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
13
2100 2700 1300 1E+0 1700 9300 2300
Max 2E+0 1E+0 7E+0 1E+0 1E+0 6E+0 3300
Max 5E+0 1E+0 2E+0 2E+0 7E+0 4E+0 2300
Mean 5E+0 4E+0 4E+0 5E+0 5E+0 2E+0 3300
Mean 1E+0 3E+0 7E+0 8E+0 3E+0 2E+0 2300
Figure 184
Figure 185
Close examination of figures 180 to 185 shows that:
DO concentration ranges 0 mg/l and 12.1 mg/l during 2007. BOD concentration is 2 mg/l and 37
mg/l during year 2010 and 2007. COD concentration ranges between 34 mg/l and 107 mg/l during
year 2007. TDS concentration ranges between 190 mg/l and 1162 mg/l during year 2006 and
2005 respectively. TC count ranges between 33000 MPN/100ml and 113000000 MPN/100 ml
during year 2013 and 2006. FC count ranges between 9300 MPN/100ml and 10500000MPN/100
ml during year 2010 and 2006.
7.14.8 Yamuna at Shergarh, Juhika (U. P.)
The water Quality of river Yamuna at Shergarh, Juhika (U. P.) is monitored for year 2005-13
having 25 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Haryana.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
4
2006
4
2007
4
2008
4
2009
4
2010
4
2013
1
Total
25
Water Quality of River Yamuna at Shergarh , Juhika (U. P.) during 2005-2013 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 186-191 ):
- 75 -
25
BOD (mg/l)
DO (mg/l)
20
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
15
10
5
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Min
7.2
Max
15.4 18.8 11.3 20.6 13.8 14.7
7.4
6.6
5.5
4.5
4.1
Mean 9.7 12.75 8.6 10.775 9.95 9.85
Min
2
2
2
1
1
2
3
Max
10 10
6
6
7
7
3
Mean 5.75 5.25 3.25 3 4.25 4
3
Figure 186
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5 6 7 8 9 0 3
Figure 187
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
COD (mg/l)
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
3
TDS (mg/l)
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
3
Min
39
55
41
55
36
21
Min
200 70 208 250 186 280 376
Max
79
74 107 75
74
79
21
Max
292 300 540 340 372 338 376
34
Mean 61 67.8 79 61.3 65 54.8 21
Mean 245.5155.8 332 285 372 338 376
Figure 188
Figure 189
2000000
10000000
8000000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
6000000
1000000
4000000
500000
2000000
0
FC (MPN/100 ml)
1500000
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
3
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
13
Min
2500 2200 7400 8300 5500 9300 1700
Min
Max
5E+0 3E+0 4E+0 9E+0 4E+0 2E+0 1700
Max 1490 4300 3200 2E+0 2E+0 9000 200
Mean 2E+0 9E+0 2E+0 3E+0 2E+0 6E+0 1700
Mean 7125 1532 1346 5E+0 6400 4862 200
Figure 190
2000 2300 2500 5100 2000 1500 200
Figure 191
Close examination of figures 186 to 191 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 4.1 mg/l and 20.6 mg/l during year 2010 and 2008
respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 10 mg/l during year 2008 and 2005
respectively. COD concentration ranges between 21 mg/l and 107 mg/l during year 2013 and
2007. TDS concentration ranges between 70 mg/l and 540 mg/l during year 2006 and 2007
respectively. TC count ranges between 1700 MPN/100ml and 9000000 MPN/100ml during year
2013 and 2008 respectively. FC count ranges between 200 MPN/100ml and 1790000
MPN/100ml during year 2013and 2008 respectively.
7.14.9 River Yamuna at Hasanpur, Mohali (Haryana)
- 76 -
The water Quality of river Yamuna at Hasanpur, Mohali (Haryana) is monitored for year 200913 having 07 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Haryana.
Summary of Observation:
Year
Observations
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Total
1
2
1
1
2
7
Water Quality of River Yamuna at Hasanpur, Mohali (Haryana) during 2005-2013 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 192-197 ):
30
DO (mg/l)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Min
Max
Mean
BOD (mg/l)
25
20
15
10
5
2010
1
1
1
2011
1.35
1.35
1.35
2012
5
5
5
0
2013
7
7
7
Min
Max
Mean
2009
11
11
11
Figure 192
1000
800
600
400
200
0
60
40
20
Min
Max
Mean
2009
81
81
81
2010
31
82
56.5
2011
2012
21
23
21
23
21
23
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
37
820
280
282
374
266
37
Max
820
790
282
374
610
37
Mean
820
535
282
374
438
Figure 195
1200000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
FC (MPN/100 ml)
1000000
6000000
800000
4000000
600000
400000
2000000
0
2013
5
5
5
Min
2013
Figure 194
8000000
2012
6
6
6
TDS (mg/l)
80
0
2011
4
4
4
Figure 193
COD (mg/l)
100
2010
6
26
16
200000
2009
2010
Min 6100000 52000
Max 6100000 2400000
Mean 6100000 1226000
2011
460000
460000
460000
0
2013
49000
49000
49000
Min
Max
Mean
Figure 196
2009
7700
7700
7700
2010
7800
1100000
553900
Figure 197
Close examination of figures 192 to 197 shows that:
- 77 -
2011
93000
93000
93000
2013
33000
33000
33000
DO concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 7 mg/l during year 2010 and 2013 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 4 mg/l and 26 mg/l during year 2011 and 2010. COD
concentration ranges between 21 mg/l and 82 mg/l during year 2011 and 2010 respectively. TDS
concentration ranges between 266 mg/l and 820 mg/l during year 2013 and 2009 respectively.
TC count ranges between 49000 MPN/100 ml and 6100000 MPN/110 ml during year 2013 and
2009 respectively. FC count ranges between 7700 MPN/100 ml and 1100000 MPN/110 ml during
year 2009 and 2010 respectively.
7.15 River Chambal at Udi (U.P.)
The water Quality of river Yamuna at Hasanpur, Mohali (Haryana) is monitored for year 200913 having 25 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and M.P.
Summary of observations:
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2013
Total
4
4
4
4
4
1
25
4
Observations
Water Quality of River Chambal at Udi (U.P.) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from
figures 198-203 ):
5
DO (mg/l)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
4
3
2
1
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Min
7.3
7.8
6.7
6.9
Max
10.2
11
9.2
9.7
8
8.6
9.7 10.5
Mean 8.2 9.15 7.875 8.275 8.875 9.625
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
3
Min
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Max
4
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
Mean 2.75 1.75 1.75 2.25 1.75
Figure 198
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Figure 199
800
COD(mg/l)
TDS(mg/l)
600
400
200
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
3
0
2005
2006
2007
2013
Min
7
4
3
9
2
6
13
Min
28
20
20
232
Max
18
10
14
29
23
12
13
Max
140
700
320
232
Mean 12 6.25 8.25 14.7511.75 9
13
Mean
92
197.5
153.3
232
Figure 200
Figure 201
- 78 -
500000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
400000
FC (MPN/100 ml)
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
300000
200000
100000
0
20
05
Min
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
3
20
13
Min
37006000350067004500 150 1700
270 400 1500 1500 2100 70
80
Max 710010000910036000145005800 80
Max 45002E+03E+04E+01E+02E+01700
Mean 2842 3550 3750122757466 3192 80
Mean 224272801E+02E+0723358281700
Figure 202
Figure 203
Close examination of figures 198 to 203 shows that:
Concentration of Dissolved Oxygen ranges between 6.7 mg/l and 11.0 mg/l during year 2007 and
2006 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 4.0 mg/l during the year 2005.
COD concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 29 mg/l during year 2009 and 2008 respectively.
TDS concentration ranges between 20 mg/l and 700 mg/l in year 2006 and 2007 respectively. TC
count ranges 150 MPN/100ml and 400000 MPN/100ml in year 2010 and 2008 respectively. FC
count 70 MPN/100ml and 36000MPN/100ml during year 2010 and 2008 respectively.
7.16 Water Quality of Indira Gandhi Canal:
DO(mg/l)
4
8
BOD(mg/l)
3
6
2
4
1
2
0
DO
2011
2012
2013
2014
0
5.6
7.2
6.2
6.4
BOD
2011
2012
2013
2014
3
1
1
3
Figure 204
Figure 205
TDS(mg/l)
COD (mg/l)
30
250
27
25
200
20
150
15
12
10
100
7
5
0
COD
50
2011
2013
2014
12
7
27
0
TDS
Figure 206
1
2
3
194
152
166
Figure 207
- 79 -
TC (MPN/100 ml)
30000
FC(MPN/100 ml)
5000
25000
4000
20000
3000
15000
2000
10000
1000
5000
0
0
TC
2011
2013
2014
24000
2000
2600
FC
2011
2013
2014
4300
2000
680
Figure 209
Figure 208
Close examination of figures 204 to 209 shows that:
BOD concentration is meeting the maximum limit of 3.0 mg/l in year 2010. Minimum and
maximum BOD concentration is 1.0 mg/l and 4.0 mg/l respectively. COD concentration ranges
between 4.0 mg/l and 22 mg/l during year 2009 and 2011 respectively. Minimum TDS
concentration is 146mg/l in year 2013. Maximum TDS concentration is 317 mg/l in year 2011.
Minimum count of TC is 2300MPN/100ml in year 2011. Maximum count of TC is
4600000MPN/100ml in year 2009. Minimum count of FC is 400 MPN/100ml in year 2010.
Maximum count of FC is 250000 MPN/100ml in year 2009.
7.17 Water Quality of River Vardha at Bangaon Village near Pandhurana Village
P.)
(M.
Water Quality of River Vardha at Bangaon Village near Pandhurana Village (M. P.) is
monitored for year 2006-12 having 12 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of
M.P. and Maharashtra.
Summary of observations:
Year
2006
2007
2008
2009
1
2
1
3
Observations
2010 2011
1
2
2012
Total
2
12
Water Quality of Water Quality of River Vardha at Bangaon Village near Pandhurana Village
(M. P.) during 2006-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 210-215 ):
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DO (mg/l)
10
8
6
4
2
0
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
BOD (mg/l)
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6 7 8 9 0 1 2
Min
6.2 6.2 9.1 6.42 6.8 5.2 5.4
Min
6
Max
6.2 7.7 9.1 7.84 6.8 6.8 6.2
Max
6
Mean 6.2 6.95 9.1 6.93 6.8
6
5.8
Mean 6
Figure 210
2
2.3
1
3.9 1.9 2.36
2.2 2.3
2
3.9 2.7 2.9
2.1 2.3 1.33 3.9 2.3 2.6
Figure 211
- 80 -
TDS (mg/l)
COD (mg/l)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
200 200 200 200 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
2
200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
9
0
1
2
Min
24 11.5 12
7
29
8
Min
12
28
Max
24 11.5 12
13
29
8
Max
12
28
Mean 24 11.5 12
9.3
29
8
165 206
22
305 165 206
22
Mean 12 2007 166.3 165 206
22
Figure 212
8
Figure 213
200
TC (MPN/100 ml)
400
300
200
100
0
FC (MPN/100 ml)
150
100
50
0
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
Min
320 110 160 18
68
30 250
Max
320 220 160 35
68
49 350
Mean 320 165 160 25
68 39.5 300
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
Min
70
14
20
3
18
7
110
Max
70
18
20
8
18
7
180
Mean 70
16
20
5
18
7
145
Figure 214
Figure 215
Close examination of figures 210 to 215 shows that:
Dissolved Oxygen concentration ranges between 5.2 mg/l and 9.1 mg/l during year 2006 and 2008
respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 6.0 mg/l during year 2009 and
2006 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 7.0 mg/l and 29.0 mg/l during year 2009
and 2010 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 8 mg/l and 305 mg/l during the year
2009. TC concentration ranges between 18 mg/l and 350 mg/l during year 2009 and 2012
respectively. FC ranges between 3 mg/l and 180 mg/l during year 2009 and 2012 respectively.
7.18.1 Water quality of River Mahi at Village Bajna, Ratlam (M. P.)
Water quality of River Mahi at Village Bajna, Ratlam (M. P.) is monitored for year 2006-12
having 18 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of M.P. and Rajasthan .
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total
1
2
4
4
3
2
2
18
Water Quality of River Mahi at Village Bajna, Ratlam (M. P.) during 2006-2013 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 216-221):
- 81 -
25
12
DO (mg/l)
10
8
15
6
10
4
5
2
0
Min
Max
0
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
5.9 5.08 5.8 5.7 5.8
Min
20
4.7 8.5 9.03 9.72 7.3 7.11 5.8
Max
20 2.8
4.7
7
Figure 216
30
1
200
150
100
50
0
15
10
5
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012
Min
27
10
11
7
6
10
Max
27
15
26
17
26.8
10
12.5
18
400
5
2
3.5
Min
25 40 95 152 142 27 38
Max
25 40 95 185 164 27 38
Mean 25 40 95 171 153 27 38
11.3 13.64 10
Figure 219
200
TC (MPN/100 ml)
FC (MPN/100 ml)
150
300
100
200
50
100
0
2
7.6 2.4
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6 7 8 9 0 1 2
Figure 218
500
2.2 1.5
3
TDS (mg/l)
20
Mean 27
2
2
Figure 217
COD (mg/l)
25
1
Mean 20 1.9 1.3 2.25 4.1
Mean 4.7 7.75 7.11 6.78 6.33 6.4 5.8
0
BOD (mg/l)
20
0
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
Min
460 140 120 15
27 210
Min
110 20
25
2
4
4
110
Max
460 416 145 80 115 65 440
Max
110 22
28
16
32
5
160
7
18
62
Mean 460 278 132.538.66 88.5 46 325
Mean 110 21 26.5
Figure 220
4.5 135
Figure 221
Close examination of figures 216 to 221 shows that:
DO concentration is meeting to the prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2006. DO
concentration ranges between 4.7 mg/l and 9.72 mg/l during year 2006 and 2009 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 20.0 mg/l during year 2007/ 2008 and 2006
respectively. COD concentration ranges between 6.0 mg/l and 27.0 mg/l during year 2010 and
2006 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 25 mg/l in year 2006 and 2009
respectively. TC count ranges between 15 MPN/100 ml and 460 MPN/100 ml during year 2009
and 2006 respectively. FC count ranges between 2 MPN/100 ml and 160 MPN/100 ml in year
2009 and 2012 respectively.
- 82 -
7.18.2 Water quality of River Mahi at Bajaj Sagar Dam at Gammon Bridge, Nr. Bansawara
(Rajasthan)
Water quality of River Mahi at Bajaj Sagar Dam at Gammon Bridge, Nr. Bansawara (Rajasthan) is
monitored for year 2006-12 having 19 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of M.P.
and Rajasthan .
Summary of observation:
Year
2006
2007
1
3
Observations
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total
4
4
3
2
2
19
Water Quality of River Mahi at Bajaj sagar Dam at Gammon Bridge, Nr. Bansawara (Rajasthan)
during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 222-227 ):
10
DO (mg/l)
8
BOD (mg/l)
10
8
6
4
2
0
6
4
2
0
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
Min
4
Max
4
Mean
4
6.85 5.66 5.72 5.2 5.9 6.6
8
7.19 8.65 7.5 7.32 6.6
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6 7 8 9 0 1 2
Min
6
6.8
1
4
2.2 1.7 1.9
Max
6
8
3
4
6.4
4
3.7 2.4 2.5
Mean 6
7.35 6.28 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.6
Figure 222
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
7.3 2.1
3
3
Figure 223
500
COD (mg/l)
TDS(mg/l)
400
300
200
100
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
Min
32
8
7
12
6
8
Min
5
33 103 110 26 390 198
Max
32
26
7
22
26.5
8
Max
5
33 103 110 26 390 198
8
Mean
5
33 103 110 26 390 198
Mean
32
18.7
7
16.33 14.16
Figure 224
Figure 225
- 83 -
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
150
TC (MPN/100 ml)
FC (MPN/100ml)
100
50
0
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
Min
220 180 170
23
79
60
120
Min
30
17
8
4
7
9
90
Max
220 310 192
58
108
97
320
Max
30
75
72
10
28
12
140
Mean 220 238 182.3 40.3 93.5 78.5 220
Mean 30 50.3 50
Figure 226
6.3 17.5 10.5 115
Figure 227
Close examination of figures 222 to 227 shows that:
Dissolved Oxygen concentration ranges between 4.0 mg/l and 8.65 mg/l during 2006 and 2009
respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 8.0 mg/l during year 2008 and 2007
respectively. COD concentration is 6.0 mg/l and 32.0 mg/l during year 2010 and 2006. TDS
concentration ranges between 5.0 mg/l and 390 mg/l during year 2006 and 2011. TC ranges
between 23 mg/l and 320 mg/l during year 2009 and 2012 respectively. FC count ranges between 4
mg/l and 140 mg/l during year 2009 and 2012.
7.19 Water Quality of River Chambal at Fish farm , Gandhisagar Dam, (M.P.)
Water Quality of River Chambal at Fish farm, Gandhisagar Dam, (M.P.) is monitored for year
2006-12 having 19 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of M.P. and Rajasthan .
Year
Observations
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total
1
3
4
4
3
2
2
19
Water Quality of River Chambal at Fish farm , Gandhisagar Dam, (M.P.) during 2006-2012 is
depicted in graphs (from figures 228-233 ):
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Min
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
DO (mg/l)
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6 7 8 9 0 1 2
BOD (mg/l)
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
6.69 6.7 6.13 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.8
Min
26
1.2
1
1
1.7 1.5
2
Max 6.69 9.2 8.5 9.82 7.2 9.2 6.8
Max
26
3.1
3
2
4.7 2.5
8
Mean 6.69 7.5 6.7 7.5 6.8 7.9 6.8
Mean 26
Figure 228
2.4 1.75 1.75 2.9
Figure 229
- 84 -
2
5
500
COD (mg/l)
40
30
20
10
0
TDS (mg/l)
400
300
200
100
0
200 200 200 200 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
2
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
Min
37
8
7
8
7 24.39
Min
101 17
80
Max
37
8
7
17 26.5 24.39
Max
101 17
80 139 128 441 249
Mean 37
8
7
12.3 16.75 24.4
Mean 101 17
Figure 230
90 125 441 249
FC (MPN/100 ml)
TC (MPN/100 ml)
400
300
200
100
0
200
100
0
122 441 249
Figure 231
400
300
80
2
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
Min
360 220 215 19
Max
360 368 380 110 145 100 180
90
42 150
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
6 7 8 9 0 1 2
Min
90 18 25
7
4
60
Max
360 24 35 32 29
9
80
3
Mean 360 22 29.3 14.3 18 6.5 70
Mean 360 318 275 53 117 71 165
Figure 232
Figure 233
Close examination of figures 228 to 233 shows that:
Dissolved Oxygen ranges between 6.13 mg/l and 9.82 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009
respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 26.0 mg/l during year 2008 and
2009 respectively. COD concentration ranges 7.0 mg/l and 37.0 mg/l during year 2008/2010 and
year 2006 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 2.0 mg/l and 441.0 mg/l during year
2009 and 2011 respectively. TC ranges between 19 mg/l and 380 mg/l during year 2009 and 2008
respectively. FC count ranges between 3.0 MPN/100 and 360MPN/100 ml during year 2009 and
year 2006 respectively.
7. 20 Water Quality of River Krishna at Kurundwad, Kolhapur (Maharashtra)
Water Quality of River Krishna at Kurundwad, Kolhapur (Maharashtra) is monitored for year
2005-11 having 10 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Maharashtra and Andhra
Pradesh.
Summary of Observations:
Year
Observations
2005
1
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total
2
1
2
1
1
2
10
Water Quality of River Krishna at Kurundwad, Kolhapur (Maharashtra) during 2005-2011 is
depicted in graphs (from figures 234-239 ):
- 85 -
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
5
DO (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
4
3
2
1
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
Min
11.5 5.4 9.3 5.8 7.5
6
8.6
Min
1.3 0.6 1.6 1.2 2.7 1.1 1.3
Max
11.5 6.5 9.3 11 7.5
6
8.6
Max
1.3
Mean 11.5 5.95 9.3 8.4 7.5
6
8.6
Mean 1.3 0.8 1.6 2.9 2.7 1.1 1.3
Figure 234
40
1.6 4.6 2.7 1.1 1.3
Figure 235
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
COD (mg/l)
30
20
10
0
1
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
TDS (mg/l)
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
9.4 2.7
Min
8
4
6.8
4.2
28
21
22
36
9.4 2.7
Max
8
12
6.8
5.8
28
21
22
Mean 22 14.5 18 11.9 36
9.4 2.7
Mean
8
8
6.8
5
28
21
22
Min
Max
22
22
14
15
18
18
8.8
15
36
Figure 236
Figure 237
6000
5000
3000
TC (MPN/100ml)
2500
4000
2000
3000
1500
2000
1000
1000
500
0
2006
2007
2008
Min
1700
5000
5000
Max
3000
5000
Mean
2350
5000
0
FC (MPN/100 ml)
2006
2007
2008
Min
800
2200
2800
5000
Max
1300
2400
2800
5000
Mean
1050
2300
2800
Figure 238
Figure 239
Close examination of figures 214 to 219 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 5.4 mg/l and 11.5 mg/l during year 2006 and 2005 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 0.6 mg/l and 4.6 mg/l during year 2006 and 2008
respectively. COD concentration ranges between 2.7 mg/l and 36.0 mg/l during year 2011 and
2009. TDS concentration ranges between 4.0 mg/l and 28.0 mg/l during year 2006 and 2009. TC
concentration ranges between 1700 MPN/100 ml and 5000 MPN/100 ml during year 2006 and
2007/2008 respectively. FC count ranges between 800 MPN/100 ml and 2800 MPN/100 ml in
year 2006 and 2008 respectively.
7.21 Water Quality of River Bhima at Takli, Solapur (Maharashtra)
- 86 -
Water Quality of River Bhima at Takli, Solapur (Maharashtra) is monitored for year 2005-11
having 09 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Maharashtra and Karnataka .
Summary of Observations:
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1
2
1
2
1
1
Observations
2011 Total
1
Water Quality of River Bhima at Takli, Solapur (Maharashtra) during 2005-2011 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 240-245):
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Min
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DO (mg/l)
200 200 200 200 200 201
5
6
7
8
9
1
8.4
6.8
8.8 10.4 7.5
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
7.1
Min
2
1
3
2.1 2.7
2
3.4
2
1.4
3
5.7 2.7
2
3.4
2
1.2
3
3.9 2.7
2
3.4
8.4
6.8
8.8 11.2 7.5
7.1
Max
Mean 8.4
6.8
8.8 10.8 7.5
7.1
Mean
Max
BOD (mg/l)
Figure 240
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Figure 241
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
COD (mg/l)
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
TDS (mg/l)
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
Min
32
18
19 8.2 36
22 31.2
Min
15
12.3
36
22
26
Max
32
32
19
36
22 31.2
Max
30
12.3
36
22
26
Mean 32
25
19 16.6 36
22 31.2
Mean 22.5
12.3
36
22
26
25
Figure 242
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Figure 243
600
TC (MPN/100 ml)
500
FC (MPN/100 ml)
400
300
200
100
0
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
Min
90
110
700
Min
70
40
500
Max
500
110
700
Max
170
40
500
Mean
295
110
700
Mean
120
40
500
Figure 244
Figure 245
- 87 -
9
Close examination of figures 240 to 245 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 6.8 mg/l and 11.2 mg/l during year 2006 and 2008 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 5.7 mg/l during year 2006 and 2008
respectively. COD concentration ranges between 8.2 mg/l and 36.0 mg/l during year 2008 and
2009 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 12.3 mg/l and 36.0 mg/l during year 2008
and 2009 respectively. TC concentration ranges between 90 MPN/100 ml and 700 MPN/100 ml
during year 2006 and 2008 respectively. FC concentration ranges between 40 MPN/100 ml and
500 MPN/100 ml during year 2007 and 2008.
7.22 Water Quality of River Mahi at Kadana Dam (Gujarat)
Water Quality of River Mahi at Kadana Dam (Gujarat) is monitored for year 2005-12 having 08
Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Gujarat and Rajasthan.
Summary of Observations:
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2012
Total
1
3
1
2
1
8
Observations
Water Quality of River Mahi at Kadana Dam (Gujarat) during 2005-2012 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 246-251):
10
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
DO (mg/l)
8
6
4
2
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2012
BOD (mg/l)
2005
2006
2007
2008
2012
Min
4.5
4.7
8.7
4.6
5.9
Min
0.7
1
1.1
2.2
0.93
Max
4.5
9.3
8.7
6.2
5.9
Max
0.7
1.4
1.1
3
0.93
Mean
4.5
6.4
8.7
5.4
5.9
Mean
0.7
1.16
1.1
2.6
0.93
Figure 246
40
Figure 247
250
COD (mg/l)
150
20
100
10
0
TDS (mg/l)
200
30
50
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2012
2005
2006
2007
2008
2012
Min
18
12
14
13
6.7
Min
54
1.2
9
9
192
Max
18
31
14
13
6.7
Max
54
5.7
9
9
192
Mean
18
18.66
14
13
6.7
Mean
54
3.9
9
9
192
Figure 248
Figure 249
- 88 -
FC (MPN/100 ml)
TC (MPN/100 ml)
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
Min
1400
40
110
20
1700
Max
1400
90000
110
1100
870
Mean
1400
30280
110
560
2005
2006
2007
2008
Min
3000
40
220
40
Max
3000
90000
220
Mean
3000
30280
220
Figure 250
Figure 251
Close examination of figures 246 to 251 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 4.5 mg/l and 9.3 mg/l during year 2005 and 2006 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 0.7 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l during year 2005 and 2008
respectively. COD concentration ranges between 12 mg/l and 31 mg/l during the year 2006. TDS
concentration ranges between 9 mg/l and 192 mg/ during year 2007/2008 and 2012. TC
concentration ranges between 40 MPN/100 ml and 90000 MPN/100 ml during the year 2006. FC
concentration ranges between 20 MPN/100 ml and 90000 MPN/100 ml in the year 2006.
7.23 River Tapi at Nizhar (Gujarat)
Water Quality of River Tapi at Nizhar (Gujarat) is monitored for year 2006-12 having 05
Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
Year
Observations
2006
2008
2012
Total
2
2
1
5
Water Quality of River Tapi at Nizhar (Gujarat) during 2006-2012 is depicted in graphs (from
figures 252-255 ):
10
8
6
DO (mg/l)
4
6
3
4
2
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
5
1
0
2006
2008
2012
2006
2008
2012
Min
7.1
8
5.6
Min
1
2.7
2.41
Max
7.2
8.1
5.6
Max
1.5
5.5
2.41
Mean
7.2
8.1
5.6
Mean
1.3
4.1
2.41
Figure 252
Figure 253
- 89 -
40
250
COD (mg/l)
TDS (mg/l)
200
30
150
20
100
10
0
50
2006
2008
2012
Min
19
11
30.3
Max
24
17
Mean
21.5
14
0
2006
2008
2012
Min
41
9.4
7.4
30.3
Max
191
9.4
7.4
30.3
Mean
116
9.4
7.4
Figure 254
Figure 255
Close examination of figures 252 to 255 shows that:
Dissolved Oxygen ranges between 5.6 mg/l and 8.1 during year 2012 and 2008 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 5.5 mg/l during year 2006 and 2008
respectively. COD concentration ranges between 11 mg/l and 30.3 mg/l during year 2008 and
year 2012 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 7.4 mg/l and 191 mg/l during year
2012 and 2006 respectively.
7.24 River Tapi at Prakasha (Maharashtra)
Water Quality of River Tapi at Prakasha (Maharashtra) is monitored for year 2006-12 having 05
Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
Year
2006
2008
2011
2012
Total
Observations
2
1
1
1
5
Water Quality of River Tapi at Prakasha (Maharashtra) during 2006-2012 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 256-260 ):
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
DO (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
8
6
4
2
2006
2008
2011
2012
Min
8
8.8
9.7
9
Max
8.5
8.8
9.7
Mean
8.3
8.8
9.7
0
2006
2007
2008
2011
2012
Min
0.5
0
3.3
6.3
5.71
9
Max
8.3
0
3.3
6.3
5.71
9
Mean
4.4
0
3.3
6.3
5.71
Figure 256
Figure 257
- 90 -
80
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
COD (mg/l)
60
40
20
0
2006 2007 2008 2011 2012
TDS (mg/l)
2006
2007
2011
2012
Min
18
0
13.3
31
6.36
Min
53
0
7.5
13.5
Max
69
0
13.3
31
6.36
Max
123
0
7.5
13.5
0
13.3
31
6.36
Mean
88
0
7.5
13.5
Mean 43.5
Figure 258
10000
Figure 259
TC (MPN/100 ml)
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
2006
2007
2008
Min
2300
0
9000
Max
9000
0
9000
Mean
5650
0
9000
Figure 260
Close examination of figures 256 to 260 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between is 8.0 mg/l and 9.7 mg/l during 2006 and 2011 respectively. to
the maximum prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l. Concentration of BOD ranges between 0.5 mg/l and
8.3 mg/l during 2007 and 2012 respectively. COD Concentration ranges between 18 mg/l and
69 mg/l. TDS ranges between 7.5mg/l and 123 mg/l. TC count ranges between 2300 MPN/100
ml and 9000MPN/100 ml.
7.25 River Tapi at Ajnad Shahjani (Maharashtra):
Water Quality of River Tapi at Ajnad Shahjani (Maharashtra) is monitored for year 2006-12
having 06 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
Year
Observations
2006
2007
2008
2011
2012
Total
2
1
1
1
1
6
Water Quality of River Tapi at Ajnad (Maharashtra) during 2006-2012 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 261-264 ):
- 91 -
BOD (mg/l)
DO (mg/l)
20
15
10
5
0
15
10
5
2006
2008
2011
0
2012
2006
2008
2011
2012
0.7
2.4
12.6
3.4
Min
7.1
8.2
13
11
Min
Max
14.5
8.2
13
11
Max
3
2.4
12.6
3.4
Mean
10.8
8.2
13
11
Mean
1.9
2.4
12.6
3.4
Figure 261
40
Figure 262
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
COD (mg/l)
30
20
10
0
Min
2006
2007
2011
2012
TDS (mg/l)
2006
2011
2012
14
14.1
35
16
Min
9.2
25
20
Max
31
14.1
35
16
Max
26
25
20
Mean
22.5
14.1
35
16
Mean
17.6
25
20
Figure 263
Figure 264
Close examination of figures 261 to 264 shows that:
DO concentration is meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l. DO concentration
ranges between 7.1 mg/l and14.5 mg/l in the same year i.e. 2006. BOD concentration ranges
between 0.7 mg/l and 12.6 mg/l during year 2006 & 2011 respectively. COD ranges between
14 mg/l and 35 mg/l during year 2006 & 2011 respectively. TDS ranges between 9.2 mg/l
and 26 mg/l in year 2006.
7.26 River Narmada at Navagam (Gujarat)
Water Quality of River Narmada at Navagam (Gujarat) is monitored for year 2006-12 having 08
Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Gujarat and M.P.
Summary of Observation
Year
Observations
2006
2007
2008
2011
2012
Total
3
1
2
1
1
8
Water Quality of River Narmada at Navagam (Gujarat) during 2006-2012 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 265-268 ):
- 92 -
4
DO (mg/l)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
3
2
1
0
2006 2007 2008 2011 2012
Min
6.6
9
4.8
9.84
7.6
Max
7.7
9
6.8
9.84
7.6
Mean
7.3
9
5.8
9.84
7.6
2006
2007
2008
2011
2012
Min
0.8
1
1.4
3.35
3.5
Max
1.5
1
2.2
3.35
3.5
Mean
1.3
1
1.8
3.35
3.5
Figure 265
25
Figure 266
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
COD (mg/l)
20
15
10
5
0
2006
2008
2012
Min
7.2
6
55
21
Max
61
6
55
21
Mean
34.1
6
55
2006
2007
2008
2011
2012
Min
1.8
11
9.4
15.6
21
Max
17
11
21
15.6
Mean
9.9
11
15.2
15.6
TDS (mg/l)
Figure 267
Figure 268
Close examination of figures 265 to 268 shows that during:
DO concentration ranges between 4.8 mg/l and 9.84 mg/l during year 2008 and 2011
respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0.8 mg/l and 3.5 mg/l during year 2006 and
2011 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 1.8 mg/l and 21 mg/l during year 2006
and 2008 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 6.0 mg/l and 61.0 mg/l during year
2008 and 2006 respectively.
7.27 River Wainganga at Bapera, Bhandara (Maharashtra)
Water Quality of River Wainganga at Bapera, Bhandara (Maharashtra) is monitored for year
2006-12 having 07 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Maharashtra and M.P.
Year
2006
2007
2008
2012
Total
Observations
2
2
2
1
7
Water Quality of River Wainganga at Bapera, Bhandara (Maharashtra) during 2006-2012 is
depicted in graphs (from figures 269-274 ):
- 93 -
10
2
8
1.5
6
1
4
0.5
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
DO (mg/l)
2006
2007
2008
2012
Min
6.1
5.8
7.2
6.4
Max
6.7
8.2
7.7
Mean
6.4
7
7.5
0
2006
2007
2008
2012
Min
0.3
1
1.1
0.92
6.4
Max
1
1.7
1.3
0.92
6.4
Mean
0.7
1.4
1.2
0.92
Figure 269
40
Figure 270
COD (mg/l)
TDS (mg/l)
30
100
80
60
40
20
0
20
10
0
2006
2007
2008
2012
Min
11
8.5
8
34
Max
16
15
24
34
Mean
13.5
11.8
16
34
2006
2007
2008
2012
Min
15
26
13
84
Max
15
26
13
84
Mean
15
26
13
84
Figure 271
Figure 272
6000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
5000
10000
4000
8000
6000
3000
4000
2000
2000
1000
0
FC (MPN/100ml)
2006
2007
2008
0
2006
2007
2008
Min
220
170
1700
Min
140
130
1300
Max
3000
2200
9000
Max
2400
1700
5000
Mean
1610
1185
5350
Mean
1270
915
3150
Figure 273
Figure 274
Close examination of figures 269 to 274 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 5.8 mg/l and 8.2 mg/l during 2008 and 2007 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 0.3 mg/l and 1.7mg/l during the year 2007. COD
concentration ranges between 8.0 mg/l and 34 mg/l. TDS concentration ranges between 13 mg/l
in year 2008 and 84 mg/l in year 2012. TC count ranges between 170 MPN/100ml and 9000
MPN/100ml during year 2007 and 2008 respectively. FC count ranges between 130
MPN/100ml and 5000 MPN/100ml during in year 2007 and 2008 respectively.
7.28 Water Quality of River Damanganga at Jarry Causeway D/S of CETP discharge
- 94 -
Water Quality of River Damanganga at Jarry Causeway D/S of CETP discharge is monitored for
year 2006-12 having 07 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Maharashtra and
M.P.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observation
2007
3
2008
2
2009
2
2010
2
2011
4
2012
4
2103
1
Total
18
Water Quality of River Damanganga at Jerry Causeway D/S of CETP discharge during 20072013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 275-278):
10
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
DO (mg/l)
8
6
4
2
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
BOD (mg/l)
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Min
1.5
5.6
7.2
0.3
0.94
3.8
Min
2.3
5
3.2
17
3.3
24
Max
6.4
6.4
8.3
4.3
7.18
3.8
Max
15
5
3.5
29
13
24
6
7.8
2.3
3.9
3.8
Mean 7.8
5
3.4
23
7.3
24
Mean 3.3
Figure 275
300
Figure 276
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
COD (mg/l)
250
200
150
100
50
0
Min
Max
2009
2010
270
Min
446
25674
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
37
224
Mean 130.5
26
34
101
36
TDS (mg/l)
38
216
154
270
Max
32
125 125.5 99.5
270
Mean 13060
150
Figure 277
2011
2012
29325
192
18105
31262
27387
18105
30293
11359
18105
Figure 278
Close examination of figure 275 to 278 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 0.3 mg/l and 8.47 mg/l during year 2010 and 2012
respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.41 mg/l and 29 mg/l in year 2012. in year
2010. Minimum COD concentration was observed 26 mg/l in year 2008 whereas maximum
COD concentration was observed 270 mg/l in year 2012. Minimum TDS concentration was
observed 192 mg/l in year 2011 whereas Maximum TDS concentration was observed31262 mg/l
in year 2010.
7.29 River Damanganga at U/S of CETP discharge GIDC Weir
Water Quality of River Damanganga at U/S of CETP discharge GIDC Weir is monitored for year
2006-12 having 07 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Maharashtra and M.P.
- 95 -
Year
Observation
2007
3
2008
2
2009
2
2010
2
2011
4
2012
4
2013
1
Total
18
Water Quality of River Damanganga at U/S of CETP discharge GIDC Weir during 2007-2013 is
depicted in graphs (from figures 279-282 ):
10
5
DO (mg/l)
8
4
6
3
4
2
2
1
0
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
BOD (mg/l)
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Min
7.1
6.1
7.2
7.1
7.3
8.4
Min
Max
7.4
7.1
8.3
9.1
9
8.4
Max
Mean 7.3
6.6
7.8
8.1
8
8.4
Mean 1.5
0.7
1.2
0.8
2.3
2
1.1
2
4.2
2.3
1.6
1
1.7
3
2.3
Figure 279
Figure 280
250
COD (mg/l)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1.4 0.85 2.3
TDS (mg/l)
200
150
100
50
200 200 200 201 201 201
7
8
9
0
1
2
Min
8.6
10
18
15
9
8
Max
32
11
23
27
15
8
Mean 17.9 10.5 20.5 21
12
8
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
Min
156
176
121
187
Max
236
198
180
187
Mean
196
187
145
187
Figure 281
Figure 282
Close examination of figures 279 to 282 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 6.1 mg/l and 9.1 mg/l during year 2008 and 2010 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 0.7 mg/l and 4.2 mg/l during 2007 and 2011 respectively.
COD concentration ranges between 4.3 mg/l and 32 mg/l between during 2007 and 2010
respectively. TDS concentration was observed 156 mg/l and 242 mg/l during 2011 and 2009
respectively.
7.30 River Indravati at Nowrangpur (Orissa)
Water Quality of River Indravati at Nowrangpur (Orissa) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 14
Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Orissa and Chhattisgarh.
Summary of observation:
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Total
Observations
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
14
- 96 -
Water Quality of River Indravati at Nowrangpur (Orissa) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 283-288):
10
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
DO (mg/l)
8
6
4
2
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
BOD (mg/l)
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Min
6.8 8 7.2 7 7.2 6.6 7.4 6.1 7.6
Min
1.1 3
2
2
2
2
2
2
Max
7 8 7.2 7 7.7 6.6 7.4 7.8 7.6
Max
1.1 3
2
2
2 3.1 2
2
2
Mean 1.1 3
2
2
2 2.6 2
2
2
Mean 6.9 8 7.2 7 7.5 6.6 7.4 7.1 7.6
Figure 283
Figure 284
25
60
COD (mg/l)
20
40
30
10
20
5
10
2009
2010
2011
2012
Min
23
2
3.2
16
Max
23
2
3.2
Mean
23
2
3.2
0
2009
2010
2011
Min
52
28
11
16
Max
52
28
11
16
Mean
52
28
11
Figure 285
Figure 286
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
30000
25000
TC (MPN/100ml)
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
TDS (mg/l)
50
15
0
2
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
FC (MPN/100ml)
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Min 4500860032008000600 80042007070408
Min
Max 1120860032008000270080042001326408
Max 200190800290690200100400141
Mean 7850860032008000117080042001091408
Mean 132190800290303200100238141
Figure 286
63 190800290200200100816141
Figure 288
- 97 -
Close examination of figures 283 to 288 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 6.1 mg/l and 8.0mg/l during year 2012 and 2006 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between ranges between 1.1 mg/l and 3.1 mg/l during 2005 and 2010
respectively. COD concentration ranges between 2mg/l and 23 mg/l during year 2010 and 2009
respectively. TDS ranges between 11 mg/l and 52mg/l during year 2011 and 2009 respectively.
TC count ranges between 408 MPN/100 ml and 27000 MPN/100 ml during year 2013 and 2009
respectively. FC count ranges between 63 MPN/100 ml and 6900 MPN/100 ml during year 2005
and 2009 respectively.
7.31 Water Quality of River Mahanadi at Hirakund (Orissa)
Water Quality of Water Quality of River Mahanadi at Hirakund (Orissa) is monitored for year
2005-13 having 14 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Orissa and Chhattisgarh .
Summary of observation:
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Total
Observations
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
14
Water Quality of River Mahanadi at Hirakund (Orissa) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 289-294):
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
DO (mg/l)
10
8
6
4
2
0
Min
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
7.2 7.3 7.4 7
7 7.7 7.3 6.4 7.7
Max 7.2 7.3 7.4 7 7.6 7.7 7.3 8.3 7.7
Mean 7.2 7.3 7.4 7 7.3 7.7 7.3 7.4 7.7
BOD (mg/l)
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
Min
0
0
1
3
2
2
0
2
Max
0
0
1
3
3
2
0
2
Mean
0
0
1
3
2.3
2
0
2
Figure 289
20
Figure 290
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
COD (mg/l)
15
10
5
0
2009
2010
2011
Min
15
7
6.8
Max
15
7
Mean
15
7
TDS (mg/l)
2009
2010
2011
Min
30
15
11
6.8
Max
30
15
11
6.8
Mean
30
15
11
Figure 291
Figure 292
- 98 -
120000
30000
TC (MPN/100ml)
100000
80000
20000
60000
15000
40000
10000
20000
5000
0
Min
FC (MPN/100ml)
25000
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
560 976 370 540 170 190 390 816 306
Min
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
100 180 900 110 500 600 120 204 282
Max 101 976 370 540 177 190 390 132 306
Max 100 180 900 110 400 600 120 430 282
Mean 785 976 370 540 880 190 390 736 306
Mean 100 180 900 110 190 600 120 207 282
Figure 293
Figure 294
Close examination of figures 289 to 294 shows that:
DO concentration is meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l in each observation.
Concentration of DO ranges between 6.4 mg/l and 7.7 mg/l during year 2012 and 2010
respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l during year 2005 and
2009 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 6.8 mg/l and 15 mg/l during 2011 and
2009 respectively. TDS ranges between 11 mg/l and 30mg/l during year 2011 and 2009
respectively. TC count ranges between 816 MPN/100ml and 97600 MPN/100 ml during year
2012 and 2006 respectively. FC count ranges between 100 MPN/100 ml and 28280 MPN/100 ml
during year 2005 and 2013 respectively.
7.32 River Churni at Bijoypur (West Bengal)
Water Quality of Water Quality of River Churni at Bijoypur (West Bengal) is monitored for year
2005-13 having 17 Number of observations at the boundary of West Bengal and Bangladesh .
Summary of observation:
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Total
Observations
1
2
2
1
3
1
3
3
1
17
Water Quality of River Churni at Bijoypur (West Bengal) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 295-300 ):
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BOD (mg/l)
DO (mg/l)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
Min
3.2
Max
3.2 3.2 3.2 5.8 4.2 0.9 2.3 1.8
1
1
5.8
1
0.9
0
0.3
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Min
3
4
3
5 15 4.6 10 7.5
Max
3 12 7
3
9 15 16 31 7.5
7 5.5 3
7 15 10.5 21 7.5
Mean 3
Mean 3.2 2.1 2.1 5.8 3.1 0.9 0.9 0.9
Figure 295
2
Figure 296
- 99 -
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
COD (mg/l)
2009
2010
2011
Min
239
31
102
121
Max
239
31
102
121
Mean
239
31
102
2009
2010
2011
2012
Min
8
53
78
121
Max
8
53
78
Mean
8
53
78
Figure 297
Figure 298
TC (MPN/100ml)
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Min
TDS(mg/l)
FC(MPN/100ml)
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Min
410 1E+ 380 114 587 1E+ 750 122 166
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
150960100240420270120204164
Max 410 1E+ 960 114 587 1E+ 123 927 166
Max 150960236240420270430306164
Mean 410 1E+ 499 114 587 1E+ 990 369 166
Mean 150960123240420270275106164
Figure 299
Figure 300
Close examination of figures 283 to 288 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 5.8 during year 2011 and year 2010 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 31.0 mg/l during year 2006 and 2012 respectively.
COD concentration ranges between 8 mg/l and 121 in year 2009. TDS concentration ranges
between 31 mg/l and 239 mg/l during year 2010 and 2009 respectively. TC count ranges between
1224 MPN/100 ml and 146000 MPN/100 ml during the year 2012. FC count ranges between 204
MPN/100 ml and 30600 MPN/100 ml during the year 2012.
7.33Water Quality of River Damodar
Water Quality of River Damodar is monitored at two locations: (i) Sindri (Jharkhand) and
Dishergarh (West Bengal) at interstate boundaries of West Bengal and Jharkhand.
7.33.1 River Damodar at Sindri (Jharkhand)
Water Quality of River Damodar at Sindri (Jharkhand) is monitored at is monitored for 2005-13
having 17 Number of observations at the boundary of West Bengal and Jharkhand.
Summary of observation:
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013 Total
Observations
2
1
2
1
3
1
3
3
1
- 100 -
17
Water Quality of River River Damodar at Sindri (Jharkhand) during 2005-2013 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 301-304 ):
BOD (mg/l)
DO(mg/l)
10
8
6
4
2
0
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Min
7
Max
7 4.9 8.9
Min
3
3
1
2
2
0
2
2
8 7.6 7.5 7 8.8 8.5 8.9
Max
3
3
3
2
2
0
3
2
Mean 3
3
2
2
2
0 2.5 2
8 6.9 7.6 7.1 7
8.2 8
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Mean 7.6 8 7.4 7.6 7.3 7 7.9 7.1 8.9
Figure 301
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Min
Figure 302
TC (MPN/100 ml)
FC (MPN/100ml)
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Min
208 1E+ 290 500 310 355 470 510 173
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
800405230150130117120600111
Max 612 1E+ 800 500 1E+ 355 298 265 173
Max 120405520150128117170171111
Mean 410 1E+ 545 500 686 355 147 132 173
Mean 100405316150676117150101111
Figure 303
Figure 304
Close examination of figures 301 to 304 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 4.9 mg/l and 8.9 mg/l during year 2012 and 2013 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l. TC count ranges between 1734
MPN/100 ml and 61200 MPN/100 ml during year 2013 and 2005 respectively. FC count ranges
between 600 MPN/100 ml and 52000 MPN/100 ml during year 2012and 2007 respectively.
7.33.2 Water Quality of River Damodar at Dishergarh (West Bengal)
Water Quality of River Damodar at at Dishergarh (West Bengal) is monitored for 2005-13 having
17 Number of observations at the boundary of West Bengal and Jharkhand.
Summary of observation:
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Total
Observations
2
1
2
1
3
1
3
3
1
17
Water Quality of River Damodar at Dishergarh (West Bengal) during 2005-2013 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 305-309):
- 101 -
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
DO (mg/l)
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
BOD (mg/l)
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 3
Min
6.5 7.2 7.1 8.2 7.2 7.4 7.2 6.1 8.5
Min
3
2
Max
8 7.2 7.5 8.2 7.3 7.4 8.1 9.3 8.5
Max
3
Mean 3
Mean 7.3 7.2 7.3 8.2 7.2 7.4 7.747.7 8.5
Figure 305
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
3
1
0
2
2
2
2
2
1.7
3
2
0
2.6
2
3
1.7
0
2.3
2
Figure 306
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
COD (mg/l)
TC (MPN/100ml)
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
2009
2010
2011
2012
Min
28
6
12
8
Min 11802E+0200580069002460720011225100
Max
28
6
12
8
Max 30602E+02E+058004E+04510461032105100
Mean
28
6
12
8
Mean 21202E+0685358002E+03826316319205100
Figure 307
Figure 308
FC (MPN/100ml)
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2011
2012
2013
Min
700
83600
300
2500 10100 11300 2800
2009
2010
3060
2222
Max
4000 83600 83600 2500 54100 14400 7100
8080
2222
Mean 2350 83600 29333 2500 30366 13367 4533.3 5013.3 2222
Figure 309
Close examination of figures 305 to 309 shows that:
DO concentration is meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l in each
observation. DO concentration ranges between is 6.1 mg/l and 9.3 mg/l during year 2012
BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l during year 2010 and 2008
respectively. COD concentration ranges between 6 mg/l and 28 mg/l between year 2010
and 2009 respectively. TC count ranges between 200 MPN/100ml and 448000
MPN/100ml during year 2007 and 2009 respectively. FC count ranges between 300
MPN/100ml and 83600 MPN/100ml during year 2007 and year 2006/ 2007 respectively.
7.34 Water Quality of River Subarnarekha
7.34.1 River Subarnarekha at Behragora (Jharkhand)
- 102 -
Water Quality of River Subarnarekha at Behragora (Jharkhand) is monitored for 2005-13 having
17 Number of observations at the international boundary of Jharkhand and Odisha.
Summary of observation:
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Total
Observations
2
1
2
1
3
1
3
3
1
17
Water Quality of River Subarnarekha at Behragora (Jharkhand) during 2005-2013 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 310-316 ):
4
DO (mg/l)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
3
2
1
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012
Min
6.8 8.2 7.3 7.2
7.1 7.1 7.8
Min
1
0
Max
8.5 8.2 7.3 7.2 7.8 7.8 9.7 9.1 7.8
Max
1
Mean
1
7
7
Mean 7.7 8.2 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.4 8.5
8
7.8
Figure 310
15
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
5
2009
2010
Min
0
13
Max
0
13
Mean
0
13
2011
2
3
3
0
2
0
1.5
3
3
3
3
3
2.5
3
3
TDS (mg/l)
2009
2010
2011
10
Min
47
15
7
10
Max
47
15
7
10
Mean
47
15
7
Figure 312
Figure 313
TC (MPN/100 ml)
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
3
Figure 311
COD (mg/l)
0
1
FC (MPN/100ml)
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
120590190540200190670173797
Min 200120200600500800140714808
Max 2345901885402E+950538100797
Max 4001202446001E+730112280808
Mean 177590103540760696238635797
Mean 210120123600391513530144808
Min
Figure 314
Figure 315
Close examination of figures 310 to 316 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 6.8 mg/l and 9.7 mg/l during year 2005 and 2011. BOD
concentration ranges between 0.0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l during year 2006 and 2012. COD concentration
ranges between 0 mg/l and 13.0 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010. Concentration of TDS ranges
between 7 MPN/100 ml and 47 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2009. TC count ranges between
- 103 -
1734 MPN/100 ml and 197000 MPN/100 ml during year 2012 and 2009 respectively. FC count
ranges between 200 MPN/100 ml and 109000 MPN/100 ml during year 2005 and 2009 respectively.
7.34.2 River Subarnarekha at Gopiballavpur (West Bengal)
Water Quality of River at Gopiballavpur (West Bengal) is monitored for 2005-13 having 17
Number of observations at the boundary of West Bengal and Odisha.
Summary of observation:
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013 Total
Observations
2
1
2
1
3
1
3
3
1
17
Water Quality of River Subarnarekha at Gopiballavpur (West Bengal) during 2005-2013 is
depicted in graphs (from figures 317-321 ):
10
8
6
4
2
0
4
DO (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
3
2
1
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
200 200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
2
Min
6.4 8 7.5 7.1 7.15 7.2 6.8 6.4 8
Min
0
2
2
3
2
0
3
Max
8.5 8 7.8 7.1 7.7 7.85 8.2 8.7 8
Max
0
2
2
3
2
0
3
Mean
0
2
2
3
2
0
3
Mean 7.5 8 7.7 7.1 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.7 8
Figure 317
10
8
6
4
2
0
Figure 318
80000
COD (mg/l)
40000
20000
2005
2009
2010
2011
2012
Min
0
2
9
4
9
Max
0
2
9
4
9
Mean
0
2
9
4
9
0
Min
30000
10000
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
2400 1300 400 900 7100 1000 1600 1111 202
Max
3200 1300 2000 900 304003200 9600 3468 202
Mean 2800 1300 1200 900 151662467 4700 2593 202
200
7
200
8
201
2
201
3
1280011700 1200 7400 13000 2100 6100 306
505
Figure 320
FC (MPN/100 ml)
Min
200
6
200
9
201
0
201
1
Mean 1300011700 1750 7400 36633 9900 22000 9382 505
20000
0
200
5
Max 1320011700 2300 7400 62400138005140017340 505
Figure 319
40000
TC (MPN/100ml)
60000
Figure 321
Close examination of figures 317 to 321 shows that:
- 104 -
DO concentration is meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l in each
observation. DO concentration ranges between 6.4 mg/l and 8.7 mg/l during 2005 and
2012 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l during 2005
and 2012 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 9.0 mg/l during year
2005 and 2012 respectively. TC count ranges between 306 MPN/100 ml and 62400
MPN/100 ml during year 2012 and 2009 respectively. FC count ranges between 202
MPN/100 ml and 30400 MPN/100 ml during year 2013 and 2009 respectively.
7.34.3 River Subarnarekha at Loknath (Odisha)
Water Quality of River at Subarnarekha at Loknath (Odisha) is monitored for 2005-13 having 17
Number of observations at the boundary of West Bengal and Odisha.
Summary of observation:
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010 2011 2012 2013 Total
Observations
2
1
2
1
3
1
3
3
1
17
Water Quality of River Subarnarekha at Loknath (Odissa) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 322-326):
15
10
3
DO (mg/l)
5
0
BOD (mg/l)
2
1
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3
Min
6.8 7.2 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.1 8 6.1 8.5
Min
2
0
2
2
0
2
2 2.6
Max
8.2 7.2 8 7.2 7.6 8.9 9.7 9.2 8.5
Max
2
0
2
2
2
2
2 2.6
Mean 2
0
2
2 1.3 2
2 2.6
Mean 7.5 7.2 7.8 7.2 7.4 7.7 8.9 7.7 8.5
Figure 322
15
Figure 323
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
COD (mg/l)
10
5
0
TC (MPN/100ml)
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
2009
2010
2011
2012
Min
12
8
3
5
Min
Max
12
8
3
5
Max 477 143 450 853 443 189 112 780 454
Mean
12
8
3
5
Mean 277 143 335 853 411 131 845 314 454
Figure 324
780 143 220 853 379 170 570 510 454
Figure 325
- 105 -
8000
FC (MPN/100ml)
6000
4000
2000
0
Min
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
350300300600330110500204202
Max 350300400600330320330900202
Mean 350300350600330250190470202
Figure 326
Close examination of figures 322 to 326 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 6.1mg/l and 9.7 mg/l during 2012 and 2011 respectively. BOD
concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 2.6 mg/l during year 2006/2009 and 2013 respectively.
COD concentration ranges between 3 mg/l and 12 mg/l during year 2011 and 2009 respectively. TC
count ranges between 510 MPN/100ml and 85300 MPN/100 ml during year 2012 and 2008
respectively. FC count ranges between 202 MPN/100ml and 6000 MPN/100 ml during year 2013 and
2008 respectively.
7.35 Water Quality of River Cauvery
River Cauvery at Satyagala Bridge, Narsipur (Karnataka)
Water Quality of River Cauvery at Satyagala Bridge, Narsipur (Karnataka) is monitored for 200511 having 08 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Karnataka and Tamilnadu.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Total
3
2
1
1
1
8
Water Quality of River Cauvery at Satyagala Bridge, Narsipur (Karnataka) during 2005-2011 is
depicted in graphs (from figures 327-329 ):
10
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DO (mg/l)
8
6
4
2
0
2005
2008
2010
2011
Min
7.3
6
6.5
6.2
Max
7.5
8.6
6.5
Mean
7.4
6.3
6.5
BOD (mg/l)
2005
2008
2009
Min
0.3
1
5
6.2
Max
1.6
2
5
6.2
Mean
0.9
1.3
5
Figure 327
Figure 328
- 106 -
80
COD (mg/l)
60
40
20
0
2005 2008 2009 2010 2011
Min
3.04
8.5
61
16
16
Max
12
30
61
16
16
Mean
8.9
15.7
61
16
16
Figure 329
Close examination of figure 327 to 329 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 6.2 mg/l and 8.6 mg/l during year 2011 and 2008 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 5 mg/l during year 2010 and 2009 respectively.
COD ranges between 3.04 mg/l and 61.0 mg/l during year 2010 and 2009.
7.36 Water Quality of River Thenpennai (South Pennar) at Mugalur Bridge, Bangalore
(Karnataka)
Water Quality of River Thenpennai (South Pennar) at Mugalur Bridge, Bangalore (Karnataka) is
monitored for 2005-11 having 11 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Karnataka
and Tamilnadu.
Summary of Observations:
Year
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Total
3
2
2
3
1
11
Observations
Water Quality of River Thenpennai (South Pennar) at Mugalur Bridge, Bangalore (Karnataka)
during 2005-2011 is depicted in graphs (from figures 330-332 ):
8
40
DO (mg/l)
6
4
20
2
10
0
BOD (mg/l)
30
0
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Min
1
2.1
1.8
2.1
5.6
Min
9.6
5.2
2
2
19
Max
3
2.8
1.8
6
5.6
Max
33
19
13
15
19
Mean
1.7
2.5
1.8
3.7
5.6
Mean 20.2
12.1
7.5
6.3
19
Figure 330
2005 2008 2009 2010 2011
Figure 331
- 107 -
150
COD (mg/l)
100
50
0
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Min
24.3
32.3
30
30
79
Max
93
63
104
47
79
47.7
67
39
79
Mean 66.2
Figure 332
Close examination of figures 330 to 332 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 1.0 & 6.0 mg/l during year 2005 & 2010. BOD concentration
ranges between 2 mg/l and 33 mg/l during 2009 & 2005 respectively. COD concentration 24.3 mg/l
and 104 mg/l during 2005 & 2009 respectively.
7.37 Water Quality of River Krishna at Deodurg (Karnataka)
Water Quality of River Krishna at Deodurg (Karnataka) is monitored for 2005-11 having
08Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Karnataka and Tamilnadu.
Summary of Observations:
Year
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Total
3
2
1
1
1
8
Observations
Water Quality of River Krishna at Deodurg (Karnataka) during 2005-2011 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 332-335 ):
2
10
DO (mg/l)
8
6
1
4
0.5
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
1.5
0
2005 2008 2009 2010 2011
2005
2008
2009
Min
7
7.5
7.9
5.5
7.8
Min
0.2
0
1.4
Max
7.3
7.8
7.9
5.5
7.8
Max
0.2
1.61
1.4
Mean
7.2
7.7
7.9
5.5
7.8
Mean
0.2
0.8
1.4
Figure 332
20
Figure 333
25000
COD (mg/l)
20000
15
15000
10
10000
5
0
TC (MPN/100 ml)
5000
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Min
2
6.4
12
8
16
Max
16
10
12
8
Mean
6.8
8.2
12
8
0
2005
2008
2009
Min
650
21
90
16
Max
650
22000
90
16
Mean
650
11010.5
90
- 108 -
Figure 334
Figure 335
Close examination of figures 332 to 335 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 5.5 mg/l and 7.9 mg/l during year 2010 and 2009 respectively.
BOD ranges between 0 mg/l and 1.6 mg/l during year 2008 only. COD ranges between 2 mg/l and
16 mg/l during year 2005 and 2011respectively. TC ranges between 21MPN/100 ml and 22000
MPN/100 ml during year 2008 only.
7.38 Water Quality of River Tungabhadra at Hochchelli (Karnataka)
Water Quality of River Tungabhadra at Hochchelli (Karnataka)is monitored for 2005-11 having
08 Number of observations at the interstate boundaries of Karnataka and Maharashtra
Summary of observation:
Year
2005
2008
2010
2011
Total
3
2
2
1
8
Observations
Water Quality of Tungabhadra at River Hochchelli (Karnataka)during 2005-2011 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 336-338 ):
15
20
DO (mg/l)
COD (mg/l)
15
10
10
5
0
5
2008
2010
2011
Min
1.52
4
10
8
8
Max
16
12.2
19
8
8
Mean
9.8
8.1
14.8
8
2008
2010
2011
Min
8
7.3
4
8
Max
9
8.2
12
Mean
8.5
7.8
8
0
2005
2005
Figure 336
20000
Figure 337
TC (MPN/100 ml)
15000
10000
5000
0
2005
2008
2010
2011
Min
1100
13
1600
4800
Max
1100
16100
1600
4800
Mean
1100
8056
1600
4800
Figure 338
Close examination of figures 336 to 338 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 4.0 mg/l and 12.0 mg/l in year 2010. BOD concentration ranges
between 0 mg/l and 7.4 mg/l during year 2008 and 2010 respectively. COD ranges between 1.5
- 109 -
mg/l and 19mg/l during year 2005 and 2010 respectively. TC ranges between 13 MPN/100 ml
and 16100 MPN/100 ml in the year 2008.
7.39 River Bhima at Jewargi, Gangapur, (Karnataka)
Water Quality of River Bhima at Jewargi, Gangapur, (Karnataka) is monitored for 2005-11 having 08
Number of observations at the interstate boundaries of Karnataka and Maharashtra.
Summary of observation:
Year
Observations
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Total
3
2
1
1
1
8
Water Quality of River Bhima at Jewargi, Gangapur, (Karnataka) during 2005-2011 is depicted
in graphs (from figures 339-341 ):
10
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
DO (mg/l)
8
6
4
2
0
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Min
0.5
1.6
2
10
6
7.9
Max
1
1.6
2
10
6
7.9
Mean
0.8
1.6
2
10
6
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Min
7.4
6.2
7.2
6.9
7.9
Max
7.5
8
7.2
6.9
Mean
7.5
7.1
7.2
6.9
Figure 339
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
BOD (mg/l)
Figure 340
COD (mg/l)
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
Min
6.84
1.32
26
19
28
Max
16
11.1
26
19
28
Mean
10.3
6.2
26
19
28
Figure 341
Close examination of figures 339 to 341 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 6.2 mg/l and 8.0 mg/l in the year 2008. BOD
concentration ranges between 0.5 mg/l and 10 mg/l during year 2005 and 2010
respectively. COD ranges between 1.3 mg/l and 28 mg/l during year 2008 and 2011
respectively.
7.40 Water Quality of River Manjira at Janwada (Karnataka)
Water Quality of River Manjira at Janwada (Karnataka) is monitored for 2005-12 having
05 Number of observations at the interstate boundaries of Karnataka and Maharashtra.
Summary of observation:
- 110 -
Year
Observations
2005
2008
2010
2012
Total
1
2
1
1
5
Water Quality of River Manjira at Janwada (Karnataka) during 2005-2012 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 342-344):
6.8
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
DO (mg/l)
6.6
6.4
6.2
6
5.8
2005
2008
2010
2012
Min
14.23
8.2
6
54
6.1
Max
14.23
36.2
6
54
6.1
Mean 14.23
22.2
6
54
2005
2008
2010
Min
6.6
6.3
6.1
Max
6.6
6.5
Mean
6.6
6.4
Figure 342
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
COD (mg/l)
Figure 343
TC (MPN/100 ml)
2005
2008
2012
Min
930
3500
8600
Max
930
3500
8600
Mean
930
3500
8600
Figure 344
Close examination of figures 342 to 344 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 6.1 mg/l and 6.6 mg/l during year 2010 and 2005 respectively.
COD ranges between 6.0 mg/l and 54.0 mg/l during year 2010 and 2012. TC count ranges between
930 MPN/100ml and 8600 MPN/100 ml during year 2005 and 2012.
7.41 Water Quality of River Godavari at Basra (Kavalguda),Maharashtra
Water Quality of River Godavari at Basra (Kavalguda) is monitored for 2005-12 having 05
Number of observations at the interstate boundaries of Karnataka and Maharashtra.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
2008
2010
2012
Total
1
2
1
1
5
Water Quality of River Godavari at Basra (Kavalguda), Maharashtra during 2005-2012 is
depicted in graphs (from figures 345-348 ):
- 111 -
40
8
DO (mg/l)
6
4
20
2
10
0
2005
2008
2010
Min
4
5.6
6
Max
4
6.8
Mean
4
6.2
0
2005
2008
2010
2012
Min
16.15
8.7
9
19
6
Max
16.15
31.44
9
19
6
Mean 16.15
20.1
9
19
Figure 345
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
COD (mg/l)
30
Figure 346
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
TDS (mg/l)
2008
2010
2012
Min
186
267
316
Max
1081
267
Mean
633.5
267
TC (MPN/100ml)
2005
2008
2012
Min
258
800
4400
316
Max
258
5400
4400
316
Mean
258
3100
4400
Figure 347
Figure 348
Close examination of figures 345 to 348 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 4.0 mg/l and 6.8 mg/l during year 2005 and 2008. COD
concentration ranges between 8.7 mg/l and 31.44 mg/l in the same year 2008. TDS
concentration ranges between 186 mg/l and 1081 mg/l in year 2008. TC count ranges
between 258 MPN/100ml and 5400 MPN/100 ml during year 2005 and 2008 respectively.
7.42 Water Quality of River Uttra-Pinakini (North Pennar) at Hindupur (Andhra Pradesh)
Water Quality of River Uttra-Pinakini (North Pennar) at Hindupur (Andhra Pradesh) is monitored
for 2005-12 having 05 Number of observations at the interstate boundaries of Karnataka and
Andhra Pradesh.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
2008
2009
2010
Total
1
2
1
1
5
Water Quality of River Uttra-Pinakini (North Pennar) at Hindupur (Andhra Pradesh) during 20052010 is depicted in graphs (from figures 349-352 ):
- 112 -
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DO (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2005
2008
2009
Min
1
1
2
3
Max
1
1.1
2
3
Mean
1
1.1
2
2005
2008
2009
2010
Min
0.8
3.9
5.4
3
Max
0.8
4
5.4
Mean
0.8
4
5.4
Figure 349
20
Figure 350
20000
COD (mg/l)
15
15000
10
10000
5
5000
0
2005
2008
2009
2010
Min
9.12
3.85
19
13
Max
9.12
10.9
19
Mean
9.12
7.4
19
0
TDS (mg/l)
2008
2009
2010
Min
1233
15552
2373
13
Max
1233
15552
2373
13
Mean
1233
15552
2373
Figure 351
Figure 352
Close examination of figures 349 to 352 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 0.8 mg/l and 5.4 during year 2005 and 2009 respectively. BOD
concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 2 mg/l during year 2010 and 2009 respectively. COD
concentration ranges between 3.85 mg/l and 19 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009 respectively. TDS
concentration ranges between 1223 mg/l and 15552 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009 respectively.
7.43 Water Quality of River Ganga at Tarighat, Gazipur (U. P.)
Water Quality of River Ganga at Tarighat, Gazipur (U. P.) is monitored for 2005-12 having 14
Number of observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttrakhand and Uttar Pradesh.
Summary of observations:
Year
Observations
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total
1
2
3
2
2
3
1
14
Water Quality of River Ganga at Tarighat, Ghazipur (U. P.) during 2005-2012 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 353-357 ):
- 113 -
10
8
6
4
2
0
Min
8
DO (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
6
4
2
0
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
8
9
0
1
2
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
8
9
0
1
2
6.93 8.2 5.2 4.5 7.8 7.9 8.1
Min
1
5.2
1
Max 6.93 8.72 8.8 6.2 8.6 8.8 8.1
Max
1
6
4
Mean 6.93 8.46 7 5.35 8.2 8.35 8.1
Mean
1
Figure 353
40
COD (mg/l)
30
20
10
0
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
8
9
0
1
2
1.9 1.25 2.8 2.4
5
1.9 3.6 2.4
5.6 2.4 3.45 1.575 3.1 2.4
Figure 354
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
TC (MPN/100 ml)
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
8
9
0
1
2
Min
14
17
11
11 5.6 12.8 13.6
MIN 1E+05 5000 1400 3000 5000 350 2E+05
Max
14
30
26
26 21.6 33.6 13.6
Max 1E+05110003000 2E+0524000920002E+05
Mean 14 23.5 18.2 18.5 13.6 21.8 13.6
Mean 1E+05 8000 22208150014500364502E+05
Figure 355
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Min
Figure 356
FC (MPN/100 ml)
2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
27000 400
1100 2300 3000
240 110000
Max 27000 700
2300 90000 13000 28000110000
Mean 27000 550
1620 46150 8000 13746110000
Figure 357
Close examination of figures 353 to 357 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 4.5 mg/l and 8.8 during year 2009 and 2011 respectively. BOD
concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 6.0 mg/l during year 2005 and 2006 respectively. COD
concentration ranges between 5.6 mg/l and 33.6 during year 2010 and 2011respectively. TC count
ranges between 350 MPN/100 ml and 220000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2012
respectively. FC count ranges between 240 MPN/100 ml and 110000 MPN/100 ml during year
2011 and 2012 respectively.
7.44.1 Water Quality of River Betwa at Kanjira Bridge , Sagar (M.P.)
Water Quality of River Betwa at Kanjira Bridge, Sagar (M.P.) is monitored for 2005-12 having
15 Number of observations at the interstate boundaries of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
- 114 -
Summary of observations:
Year
2005
Observations
2
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total
1
3
1
4
3
1
15
Water Quality of River Betwa at Kanjira Bridge , Sagar (M.P.) during 2005-2012 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 358-362 ):
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Min
5
4
3
2
1
0
DO (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
8
9
0
1
2
2005
2006
2008
2010
2011
2.8
8
6
8.7
7.4
Min
0.8 0.76 1.1
2
4 0.76 2
2
2.7 2.3
1
2
1.8 1.7
1
Max
10.4
8
6.2
9.2
8.1
Max
Mean
6.6
8
6.1
9
7.8
Mean 2.4 0.76 1.7
Figure 358
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
1
1
Figure 359
COD (mg/l)
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
8
9
0
1
2
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
TC (MPN/100 ml)
20
05
20
06
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
Min
36
20
5
7
9
7.4 15.9
Min
Max
39
20
10
7
5
22.2 15.9
Max 2E+0140030008000130033003300
Mean 37.5 20
7.3
7
17 14.8 15.9
Mean 1E+0140019348000130016703300
Figure 360
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
Min
Max
13001400 200 80001300 400 3300
Figure 361
FC (MPN/100 ml)
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
8
9
0
1
2
80
70
2
5000 7900 200 2300
1E+0 70 2300 5000 7900 2300 2300
Mean 6E+0 70 1034 5000 7900 1160 2300
Figure 362
Close examination of figures 358 to 362 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 2.8 mg/l and 10.4 mg/l during year 2005 BOD concentration
ranges between 0.76 mg/l and 4.0 mg/l during year 2006 and 2005 respectively. COD concentration
ranges between 5 mg/l and 39.0 mg/l during year 2008 and 2005 respectively. TC count 200
MPN/100 ml and 2100000 MPN/100 ml during year 2008 and 2005. FC count ranges 2 MPN/100
ml and 1100000 MPN/100 ml during 2008 and 2005 respectively.
- 115 -
7.44.2 River Betwa at D/S Dukwan Dam at Babina, Birdha Road, Distt. Lalitpur (U.P.)
Water Quality of River Betwa at D/S Dukwan Dam at Babina, Birdha Road, Distt. Lalitpur (U.P.)
is monitored for 2005-12 having 13 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttar
Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
Year
2005
2006
2008
2010
2011
2012
Total
2
1
2
4
3
1
13
Observations
Water Quality of River Betwa at D/S Dukwan Dam at Babina, Birdha Road, Distt. Lalitpur (U.P.)
2005-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 363-367 ):
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
8
DO (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
6
4
2
0
2005 2006 2008 2010 2011
2005 2006 2008 2010 2011 2012
Min
5.3
5.5
7.47
7.2
7.3
Min
0.7
0.32
1
1
1.1
4.6
Max
10.8
5.5
8.4
8.4
8.9
Max
6
0.32
2.3
1.6
1.2
4.6
Mean 8.05
5.5
7.935
7.8
8
Mean 3.35 0.32 1.65
1.3
1.1
4.6
Figure 363
50
40
30
20
10
0
Figure 364
300
COD (mg/l)
TDS (mg/l)
200
100
0
2005 2006 2008 2010 2011 2012
2008
2011
2012
Min
29
23
12
9.5
2.6
26.2
Min
147
111
239
Max
44
23
12
13
15.9 26.2
Max
147
200
239
23
12
11.2
9.3
Mean
147
148.6
239
Mean 36.5
26.2
Figure 365
Figure 366
10000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
2005 2006 2008 2010 2011 2012
Min
80
80
8000
Max
400
80
8000 7900
Mean 240
80
8000 3990 563.3
79
200
1.7
790
1.7
1.7
Figure 367
Close examination of figures 363 to 367 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 5.3 mg/l and 10.8 mg/l during the year 2005 only. BOD
concentration ranges between 0.7 mg/l and 6.0 mg/l during year 2005 only. COD concentration
ranges between 2.6 mg/l and 44.0 mg/l during year 2011 and 2005 respectively. TDS ranges
- 116 -
between 111 mg/l and 239 mg/l during year 2011 and 2012 respectively. TC count ranges
between 1.7 MPN/100 ml and 8000 MPN/100 ml during year 2012 and 2008 respectively.
7.45.1 Water Quality of River Sone at Chopan (U.P.)
Water Quality of River Sone at Chopan (U.P.) is monitored for 2005-12 having 15 Numbers of
observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
Year
2005
2006
2008
2009
2
1
3
1
Observations
2010
2011
4
2012 Total
3
1
Water Quality of River Sone at Chopan (U.P.) during 2005-2012 is depicted in graphs (from
figures 368-373 ):
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
4
DO (mg/l)
3
BOD (mg/l)
2
1
0
2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
8
9
0
1
2
Min
5.5
0
5.4
7.34
6.9
8.6
Min
1.46 1.16 1
1
Max
5.58
0
5.4
10.2
7.7
8.6
Max
3.3 1.16 2.7
1
Mean 5.54
0
5.4
8.77
7.4
8.6
Mean 2.38 1.16 1.6
1
Figure 368
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
2
3.2 1.8
2
1.3
2
2
Figure 369
500
COD (mg/l)
TDS (mg/l)
400
300
200
100
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
8
9
0
1
2
2006
2008
2011
2012
3.9 6.4
151
151
102
103
20 38.7 6.4
Max
421
421
212
103
15.5 16.5 6.4
Mean
286
286
157
103
15.5813.32 9
5
11
Max
18 13.32 44
5
5
Mean 16.7913.32 26.5
0
Min
Min
Figure 370
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
1
Figure 371
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
TC (MPN/100 ml)
200 200 200 201 201 201
5
8
9
0
1
2
FC (MPN/100 ml)
200 200 200 201 201 201
5
8
9
0
1
2
Min 23000 8000 3000 7900 170 22000
Min
Max 1E+0522000 3000 280003500022000
Max 1300013000 2300 170002400011000
Mean 6650015666 3000 179501249022000
Mean 10500 9233 2300 11000 8476 11000
Figure 372
8000 1700 2300 5000 130 11000
Figure 373
Close examination of figures 368 to 373 shows that:
- 117 -
15
DO concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 10.2 mg/l during year 2008 and 2010
respectively. BOD concentration ranges 1 mg/l and 3.3 mg/l. COD concentration ranges
between 3.9 mg/l and 44 mg/l during year 2011 and 2008. TDS concentration ranges
between 102 mg/l and 421 mg/l in year 2011 and 2008. TC count ranges between 170
MPN/100 ml and 110000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2005. FC count ranges
between 130 MPN/100 ml and 17000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2010
respectively.
7.45.2 River Sone at U/S of Deora before Reservoir, Rihand (U.P.)
Water Quality of River Sone at Chopan (U.P.) is monitored for 2005-12 having 15 Numbers of
observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
Year
2005
2006
2008
2
1
3
Observations
2009
1
2010
2011
2012
Total
4
3
1
15
Water Quality of River Sone at U/S of Deora before Reservoir, Rihand (U.P.) during 2005-2012
is depicted in graphs (from figures 374-379 ):
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Min
Max
Mean
10
DO (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
8
6
4
2
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
8
9
0
1
2
0
5.7 6.4 5.5 8.4 5.8 7.1 8.7
Min
1
0.5
1
8.4
8.3 6.4 7.2 8.4 10.5 8.8 8.7
Max
1.1
0.5
2.5
Mean 1.05
0.5
1.5
7
6.4 6.3 8.4 8.2 7.9 8.7
Figure 374
40
0.7
1
8.4
2
1
8.4
1.5
1
Figure 375
1500
COD (mg/l)
30
2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011
TDS (mg/l)
1000
20
500
10
0
0
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
8
9
0
1
2
Min
7
6.1
7
7
Max
11
6.1
34
7
Mean
9
6.1 16.3
7
2008
2011
2012
5.4
Min
91
170
192
20 16.8 5.4
Max
979
232
192
Mean
535
191
192
16.1
4
18.7 8.7
5.4
Figure 376
Figure 377
- 118 -
40000
80000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
60000
30000
40000
20000
20000
10000
0
2005
0
FC (MPN/100 ml)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Min
22000 2300
5000
400
130
11000
Min
17000 1300 3000
Max
70000 7000
5000 17000 17000 11000
Max
30000 3000 3000 14000 13000 7000
5000
Mean 23500 2200 3000 4883 5126.3 7000
Mean 46000 4766
6060
7376 11000
Figure 378
2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
200
79
7000
Figure 379
Close examination of figures 374 to 379 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 5.5 mg/l and 10.5 mg/l during year 2008 and 2010 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 0.53 mg/l and 8.4 mg/l during year 2006 and 2009
respectively. COD concentration ranges between 4 mg/l and 34 mg/l. TDS concentration ranges
between 91 mg/l and 979 mg/l respectively in year 2008. Minimum TC count observed is 130
MPN/100 ml in year 2011 whereas maximum TC count observed is 70000 MPN/100 ml in year
2005. Minimum FC count observed is 79 MPN/100 ml in year 2011whereas maximum FC count
observed is 14000 MPN/100 ml in year 2010.
7.46.1 River Ramganga at D/S Sherkot, Kalagarh (U.P.)
Water Quality of River Ramganga at D/S Sherkot, Kalagarh (U.P.) is monitored for 2005-12
having 12 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttar Pradesh and Uttrakhand.
Year
Observations
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total
2
1
3
2
2
1
1
12
Water Quality of River Ramganga at D/S Sherkot, Kalagarh (U.P.) during 2005-2012 is depicted
in graphs (from figures 380-384):
10
6
DO (mg/l)
8
BOD (mg/l)
4
6
4
2
2
0
0
2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011
Min
7
7.8
8.5
4.4
6.8
8.4
8
Min
Max
7
7.8
8.5
8
7
8.4
8
Max
1.4
2.1
2
2
4.9
2.7
Mean
7
7.8
8.5
6.2
6.9
8.4
8
Mean 1.3
2.1
2
1.5
3
2.7
Figure 380
1.2
2.1
2
1
1.1
2.7
Figure 381
- 119 -
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
COD (mg/l)
40
30
20
10
0
2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011
Min
7
7
9
8
17
12
Max
9
7
10
8.2
36
12
Mean
8
7
9.5
8.1 26.5
Min
Min
200
5
200
6
200
8
200
9
800 1100 200
201
0
201
1
201
2
840 1700 400 2E+05
Max 80000 1100 3000 840 1E+05 400 2E+05
12
Mean 40400 1100 1867 840 55850 400 2E+05
Figure 382
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
TC (MPN/100 ml)
Figure 383
FC (MPN/100 ml)
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
8
9
0
1
2
1300 70
50
230 450 200 1E+05
Max 30000 70 1300 230 70000 200 1E+05
Mean 15650 70
683 230 35225 200 1E+05
Figure 384
Close examination of figures 380 to 384 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 4.4 mg/l and 8.5 mg/l during year 2009 and 2008. BOD
concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 4.9 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010.
COD
concentration ranges between 7 mg/l and 36 mg/l during year 2005 and 2010 respectively. TC
count ranges between 200 MPN/100 ml and 220000 MPN/100 ml during year 2008 and 2012
respectively. FC count ranges between 50 MPN/100 ml and 110000 MPN/100 ml during year 2008
and 2012 respectively.
7.46.2 River Ramganga at D/S Kalagarh, Dam (Uttrankhand)
Water Quality of River Ramganga at D/S Kalagarh, Dam (Uttrankhand) is monitored for 2005-12
having 12 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttar Pradesh and Uttrakhand.
Year
Observations
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
2
1
3
2
2
1
2012 Total
1
12
Water Quality of River Ramganga at D/S Kalagarh, Dam (Uttrankhand) during 2005-2012 is
depicted in graphs (from figures 385-390):
- 120 -
10
8
6
4
2
0
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
DO (mg/l)
200 200 200 200 201 201 201
5
6
8
9
0
1
2
Min
200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
8
9
0
1
6.2 9.2
7
Min
1.2
1.4
2
1
2.6
1
8.4 7.58 8.01 8.9 6.9 9.2
7
Max
1.6
1.4
2
2.1
2.6
1
7
Mean 1.4
1.4
2
1.6
2.6
1
8 7.58 8.01 8
Max
BOD (mg/l)
Mean 8.2 7.58 8
8.5 6.6 9.2
Figure 385
Figure 386
500
400
300
200
100
0
COD (mg/l)
20
15
10
5
0
200 200 200 200 201 201
5
6
8
9
0
1
Min
5.5 5.2
3
5
7
6.4
5.2
13
13
16
6.4
Mean 7.25 5.2
9
9
Max
9
11.5 6.4
TDS (mg/l)
2008
2010
2011
2012
Min
158
436
121
64
Max
158
436
121
64
Mean
158
436
121
64
Figure 387
Figure 388
30000
200000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
150000
20000
100000
10000
50000
0
Min
FC (MPN/100 ml)
0
2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
13000
40
1400 4900
400
200
200
5
200
6
1700
20
201
0
201
1
201
2
Min
2300 3000 7800 1.8 4600
1166 3000 4000 1.8 4600
Max 160000 40
30000 4900 17000 200
9000
Mean 86500
13133 4900 8700
9000
Mean 14850 20
200
200
9
9000
Max 28000 20
40
200
8
Figure 389
400 3000 200
1.8 4600
Figure 390
Close examination of figures 385 to 390 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 6.2 mg/l and 9.2 mg/l during year 2010 and 2011 respectively.
BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 2.6 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010. COD
concentration ranges between 3.0 mg/l and 16.0 mg/l during year 2008 and 2010 respectively. TDS
concentration ranges between 64 mg/l and 436 mg/l during year 2012 and 2010 respectively. TC
count ranges between 40 MPN/100 ml and 160000 MPN/100 ml during year 2006 and 2005
respectively. FC count ranges between 1.8 MPN/100 ml and 28000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011
and 2005 respectively.
7.47 Ganga at Dariganj, Distt. Sonepur, Bihar
Water Quality of River Ganga at Dariganj, Distt. Sonepur, Bihar is monitored for 2005-12 having
10 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
Year
2008
2009
- 121 -
2010
2011
2012
Total
3
Observations
1
2
3
1
10
Water Quality of River Ganga at Dariganj, Distt. Sonepur, Bihar during 2008-2012 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 391-395 ):
6
DO (mg/l)
10
8
6
4
2
0
BOD (mg/l)
4
2
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Min
5.81
6
7.8
8.3
8.3
Min
2
3
1.7
3.1
1.6
Max
5.81
6
8.7
8.5
8.3
Max
3
3
1.9
4.8
1.6
Mean
5.8
6
8.3
8.4
8.3
Mean
2.3
3
1.8
4.1
1.6
Figure 391
50
40
30
20
10
0
Figure 392
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
COD (mg/l)
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
TC (MPN/100 ml)
2008
2010
2011
2012
170
220000
Min
15
8
8.1
19.5
13.4
Min
210
3000
Max
20
8
27
46
13.4
Max
35000
7900
8
17.6
30.8
13.4
Mean 13403
Mean 17.5
Figure 393
150000
54000 220000
5450 21723.3 220000
Figure 394
FC (MPN/100 ml)
100000
50000
0
2008
2010
2011
2012
Min
110
Max
13000
2300
130
110000
5000
17000
110000
Mean
5370
3650
8343.3 110000
Figure 395
Close examination of figures 391 to 395 shows that:
DO concentration is meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l. DO
concentration ranges between 5.81 mg/l and 8.3 mg/l during year 2008 and 2012
respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.7 mg/l and 4.8 mg/l during year 2010
and 2011. COD concentration 8 mg/l and 46.0 mg/l during year 2009 and 2011
respectively. TC count ranges between 170 MPN/100 ml and 220000 MPN/100 ml
respectively. FC count ranges between 110 MPN/100 ml and 110000 MPN/100 ml
respectively.
7.48 Water Quality of River Dhansari
7.48.1 River Dhansari at Ganeshnagar (Nagaland)
- 122 -
Water Quality of River Dhansari at Ganeshnagar (Nagaland) is monitored for 2005-12 having 16
Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Nagaland and Assam.
Year
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Total
4
4
3
3
2
16
Observations
Water Quality of River Dhansari at Ganeshnagar (Nagaland) during 2005-2010 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 396-400 ):
15
20
DO (mg/l)
10
BOD (mg/l)
10
5
0
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Min
5.2
0.3
6.4
2.5
6.4
Max
10
10
9.4
10
Mean
8.1
4.9
7.8
7.3
0
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Min
0.7
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
7.43
Max
2.8
16.5
1.28
2
1.2
6.915
Mean
1.5
8.5
1.2
1.6
1.2
Figure 396
100
80
60
40
20
0
Figure 397
150
COD (mg/l)
TDS (mg/l)
100
50
0
2005
2008
2009
2010
Min
12
18.2
8
20
Min
86
118
80
80.5
99
Max
12
82.32
18.2
82.32
Max
86
118
121
125
121
Mean
12
40.1
13.1
51.16
Mean
86
118
100
98.5
110
Figure 398
2005 2006 2008 2009 2010
Figure 399
2000
TC (MPN/100 ml)
1500
1000
500
0
2005
2006
2008
2009
Min
140
17
38
38
Max
1600
140
38
38
Mean
673
78
38
38
Figure 400
Close examination of figures 396 to 400 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 0.3 mg/l and 10.0 mg/l during 2005-10. BOD
concentration ranges between 0.7 mg/l and 16.5 mg/l during year 2005 and 2006
respectively. COD concentration ranges between 8mg/l and 82.32 mg/l during year 2009
and 2008 respectively. TDS ranges between 80 mg/l and 125 mg/l during year 2008 and
2009 respectively. TC count ranges between 17 MPN/100 ml and 1600 MPN/100 ml
during year 2006 and 2005 respectively.
4.48.2 River Dhansari at Nagarjan Bridge
- 123 -
Water Quality of River Dhansari at Nagarjan Bridge is monitored for 2005-10 having 16
Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Nagaland and Assam.
Year
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Total
4
4
3
3
2
16
Observations
Water Quality of River Dhansari at Nagarjan Bridge during 2005-2010 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 401-405 ):
15
15
DO (mg/l)
10
10
5
5
0
0
2005 2006 2008 2009 2010
BOD (mg/l)
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Min
0.5
0.1
1.3
2.2
1.3
Max
7
10.2
2.2
5
1.3
4.1
1.8
3.6
1.3
Min
6.4
1
6.7
3.2
6.7
Max
10
9.2
9.6
9.6
7.4
Mean
7.9
5.1
7.9
6.4
7.1
Mean 2.45
Figure 401
25
20
15
10
5
0
Figure 402
150
COD (mg/l)
TDS (mg/l)
100
50
0
2005
2008
2009
2010
Min
21
7.84
11.5
7.8
Min
94
112
130
90
105
Max
21
11.95
18
12
Max
94
112
130
130
126
Mean
21
10.4
14.8
9.9
Mean
94
112
130
112
115.5
Figure 403
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2005 2006 2008 2009 2010
Figure 404
TC (MPN/100 ml)
2005
2006
2008
2009
Min
19
21
20
20
Max
540
340
20
20
Mean
156
180
20
20
Figure 405
Close examination of figures 401 to 405 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 10.0 mg/l during year 2006 and 2005
respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0.1 mg/l and 10.2 mg/l in the same year
2006. COD concentration ranges between 7.8 mg/l and 21mg/l during year 2008 and 2005
respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 90 mg/l and 130mg/l during year 2009
and 2008. TC count ranges between 19 MPN/100 ml and 540 MPN/100 in the same year
2005.
- 124 -
7.48.3 River Dhansari at Khatkati Gate (Nagaland)
Water Quality of River Dhansari at Khatkati Gate (Nagaland) is monitored for 2005-10 having
16 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Nagaland and Assam.
Summary of observations:
Year
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Total
4
4
3
3
2
16
Observations
Water Quality of River Dhansari at Khatkati Gate (Nagaland) during 2005-2010 is depicted in
graphs (from figures 406-410 ):
15
80
DO (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
60
10
40
5
0
20
2005
2006
2008
2009
0
2010
2005 2006 2008 2009 2010
Min
5.8
9
6.9
9
7
Min
Max
8.6
10.5
9.75
10
7.4
Max
Mean
6.96
9.75
8.37
9.12
7.2
Mean 3.75
Figure 406
1
0.3
1.2
38
2
12.6
2
2.2
71.5
2
1.15
1.5
54.75
2
Figure 407
30
TDS (mg/l)
COD (mg/l)
20
200
150
100
50
0
10
0
Min
2005
2008
2009
2010
19
3.92
3.4
4
Max
19
23.9
16
24
Mean
19
15.34
11.58
14
Figure 408
TC (MPN/100 ml)
1000
500
0
2006
2008
2009
2010
Min
97
Max
97
122
80
0.08
118
122
132
145
132
Mean
97
122
113
97.02
125
Figure 409
2000
1500
2005
2005
2006
2008
2009
Min
27
70
38
38
Max
1600
140
105
71
Mean
426
105
71
54
Figure 410
- 125 -
Close examination of figures 406 to 410 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 5.8 mg/l and 10.5 mg/l during year 2005 and 2006
respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0.3 mg/l and 71.5 mg/l during year
2006 and 2009 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 3.4 mg/l and 24 mg/l
during year 2009 and 2010. TDS ranges between 0.08 mg/l and 145 mg/l. TC count
ranges between 27 MPN/100 and 1600 MPN/100 ml in the year 2005.
7.48.4 River Dhansari at Bokajan (Assam)
Water Quality of River Dhansari at Bokajan (Assam) is monitored for 2005-10 having 16
Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Nagaland and Assam.
Summary of observations:
Year
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Total
4
4
3
3
2
16
Observations
Water Quality of River Dhansari at Bokajan (Assam) during 2005-2010 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 411-415 ):
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Min
Max
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DO (mg/l)
2005 2006 2008 2009 2010
4.8
9
Mean 7.04
8
5.64
3.1
2006
2008
2009
2010
2.8
5.5
Min
1.6
2
5
4.7
2
5.54
5
5.5
2.9
2
5.3
3.9
5.5
8.8
8.8
9.8
7.8
Max
8.4
7.4
7.2
6.7
Mean
Figure 412
200
COD (mg/l)
30
150
20
100
10
50
0
2005
5.6
Figure 411
40
BOD (mg/l)
2005
2008
2009
2010
Min
24
6.7
16
20
Max
24
35.28
16
Mean
24
20.6
16
0
TDS (mg/l)
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Min
115
118
108
0.14
108
35
Max
115
118
150
20
138
27.5
Mean
115
118
132
10.1
123
Figure 413
Figure 414
- 126 -
400
TC (MPN/100 ml)
300
200
100
0
2005
2006
2008
2009
Min
17
17
23
23
Max
350
34
23
23
25.5
23
23
Mean 196.75
Figure 415
Close examination of figures 411 to 415 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between is 3.1 mg/l and 9.8 mg/l during 2005 and 2009
respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.6 mg/l and 5.5 mg/l during 2005 and
2010 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 6.7 mg/l and 35.28 mg/l
respectively in the year 2008. TDS concentration ranges between 0.14mg/l and 150 mg/l
during year 2009 and 2008 respectively. TC count ranges between 17 MPN/100 and 3500
MPN/100 ml in the year 2005.
7.48.5 River Dhansari at Numaligarh (Assam)
Water Quality of River Dhansari at Numaligarh (Assam) is monitored for 2005-10 having 16
Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Nagaland and Assam.
Summary of observations:
Year
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Total
4
4
3
3
2
16
Observations
Water Quality of River Dhansari at Numaligarh (Assam) during 2005-2010 is depicted in graphs
(from figures 416-420 ):
20
5
4
3
2
1
0
DO (mg/l)
15
10
5
0
2005 2006 2008 2009 2010
BOD (mg/l)
2005 2006 2008 2009 2010
Min
5.6
0.6
7.03
3.4
7
Min
1.2
0.6
1.2
2.1
4.4
Max
9.5
8.8
9.4
15.4
7.8
Max
2.5
1.7
4.4
2.2
4.4
Mean 7.9
5.4
8.07
9.2
7.4
Mean 2.03
1.15
2.8
2.15
4.4
Figure 416
Figure 417
- 127 -
40
150
COD (mg/l)
30
TDS (mg/l)
100
20
50
10
0
0
2005
2008
2009
2010
Min
17
18.2
12
20
Min
76
74
80
51
99
Max
17
27.44
31
27.4
Max
76
74
103
100
103
Mean
17
21.8
21.5
23.7
Mean
76
74
91.5 60.03 101
Figure 418
250
2005 2006 2008 2009 2010
Figure 419
TC (MPN/100 ml)
200
150
100
50
0
2005
2006
2008
2009
Min
34
17
38
38
Max
110
220
38
38
Mean
77
118
38
38
Figure 420
Close examination of figures 416 to 420 shows that:
DO concentration ranges between 0.6 mg/l and 15.4 mg/l during year 2006 and 2009.
BOD concentration ranges 0.6 mg/l and 4.4 mg/l during year 2006 and 2010. COD
concentrations ranges between 12 mg/l and 31 mg/l during the year 2009. TDS
concentration ranges between 51 mg/l and 103 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010
respectively. TC count ranges between 17 MPN/100 and 220 MPN/100 ml in the year
2006.
- 128 -
CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION
In this report, the rivers with polluted and poor water quality are differentiated out on the basis of
the six water quality parameters i.e. DO, BOD, COD, TDS, TC, FC. Out of the total 40 rivers
spread over 82 locations being monitored by Zonal Offices and Head offices, 16 rivers are
estimated out to be polluted.
River Dhela at Adampur Village, Bhojpur is observed with the highest BOD value among all the
polluted river locations i.e. 131 mg/l in 2012 with very high TC and FC count.
The most polluted river is Ghaggar having the lowest water quality at the 7 locations out of the 9
locations namely, (i) Ghaggar (i) at Mubarakpur (Punjab), (ii) at Tiwana village (Punjab), (iii) at
Sirsa Dabwali Road (Haryana), (iv) at Chandrapur Siphon (Haryana), (v) at Sirdulgarh (Punjab),
(vi) at Ottu Weir (Haryana) (vii) at Sirsa Hanumangarh Road (Rajasthan). Ghaggar at Mubarakpur
(Punjab) is having the deteriorated water quality due the highest BOD range among all the polluted
Ghaggar river locations. Ghaggar at Sirsa Dabwali road is observed with the highest TDS value
among the 7 polluted river locations. Ghaggar at Chandrapur, Siphon is observed with the highest
TC count.
Among the 09 locations of river Yamuna, 3 locations are observed having deteriorated water
quality viz. (i)Yamuna at Mohena Palwal Road (Haryana), (ii) River Yamuna at Asgarpur village,
(U.P.) and (iii)River Yamuna at Hasanpur, Mohali (Haryana). Yamuna at the location Asgarpur
village is observed with the most deteriorated water quality having the highest BOD concentration,
remaining two locations are also observed with high TC and FC count and having BOD
concentration exceeding to the prescribed limit.
River Ganga being monitored at the four locations and the river Dhansari at 5 locations shows water
quality meeting to prescribed standards with respect to BOD and DO conentration. The rivers being
monitored at different locations and having good water quality at every location are Beas, Sarsa,
Vardha, Mahi, Chambal, Betwa, Sone, Tapi, Bhima, Krishna, Damodar, Ramganga and
Subarnrekha.
The other rivers being monitored under IRBM network and not meeting t prescribed standards with
respect to BOD and DO are River Bahela at Badli Village, Tehseel - Tanda (U.P.), River
Damanganga at at Jarry Causeway D/S of CETP discharge (Gujarat), River Churni at Bijoypur
(West Bengal), River Thenpennai at Mugalur Bridge, Bangalore (Karnataka) and River Markanda
at Narayangarh (Haryana).
The rivers being monitored at single location and having water quality meeting to the prescribed
standards are Satluj, Kosi, Kitcha, Swan, Pilakhar, Churni, Indravati, Cauvery, Tungabhadra,
Pennar, Godavari, Mahanadi, Godavari, Wainganga, Sabarmati and Uttra Pinkhani.
Overall, 78% locations have DO value within the prescribed limit and 75% locations have BOD
value within the prescribed range with 6% locations have very high BOD value indicating poor
water quality. 76% locations have TDS range and 11% with TC range within the prescribed limit.
- 129 -
CHAPTER 9 : ACTION TAKEN BY CPCB TO IMPROVE WATER
QUALITY
In order to resolve the interstate water quality problems and keep watch on water
quality at interstate borders of different rivers, in 51st Chairman & Member
Secretaries conference, it was decided that CPCB would monitor the water quality
of the rivers at interstate borders.
As a follow-up of the decision, CPCB through its Zonal Offices and Head Office initiated
monitoring of all the important rivers at interstate borders. The monitoring being carried
out 4 times in a year following CPCB’s guidelines & protocol notified by Ministry
of Environment, Forests and Climate Change(MoEFCC). Following significant actions
have been taken by CPCB to prevent water pollution in the rivers:
1. Action taken in the matter of Inter-State problem of rivers in Northern States
As a follow up the decision taken in 54th Chairmen and Member Secretaries conference,
CPCB organized a meeting with concerned SPCBs/PCCs of Northern/ Eastern & NorthEastern states to discuss the issue of interstate water pollution problem in detail and
compliance status of various polluting sources on 24, September, 2008 at MoEF, Delhi.
 Regarding contribution of pollution from domestic sources, Haryana SPCB were
requested to issue notice either to municipal authorities or PHED to put up proper
sewage treatment plants to take care of all the significant sewage outfalls.
 Punjab SPCB were requested to pursue the distilleries to achieve “Zero-discharge”
limit, Since the Patiala Distillery and Chandigarh Distillery are major source of
pollution of Ghaggar River in the territory of Punjab.
 Regarding contribution of pollution from domestic sources municipal authorities or
PHED were communicated to put up proper sewage treatment plants to take care of all
the significant sewage outfalls.
 It was decided to inform Delhi Jal Board to take sample whenever they found any
abnormal condition in water quality of Yamuna River with intimation to CPCB and
HSPCB.
 Untreated/partially treated discharge of effluents from Uttrakhand is polluting River
Kosi & Ramganga and their tributaries like Bahela, Dehla. The pollution is so severe
that it continues till Allahabad and cause colour in the river at Sangam. Monitoring
being carried out on daily basis for river Dhela, river Kosi, river Bhela, river Gagan
and river Ram Ganga by CPCB with co-ordination of SPCBs of Uttarakhand and U.P.
in their respective monitoring locations.
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2. Action taken in the matter of Inter-State problem of rivers in Eastern and NorthEastern States :
 As a follow up the decision taken in 54th Chairmen and Member Secretaries
conference, CPCB organized a meeting with concerned SPCBs/PCCs of Northern/
Eastern & North-Eastern states to discuss the issue of interstate water pollution
problem in detail and compliance status of various polluting sources on 25,
September, 2008 at MoEF, Delhi.
 The major pollution of Ganga at Bihar border is due to discharge of sewage from
Varanasi and Ghazipur. UPPCB informed that STPs are being augmented at
Varanasi under Ganga Action Plan-II. CPCB requested that UPPCB to ensure full
utilization of STP capacity.
 Regarding pollution from Singrauli area, UPPCB informed that the thermal power
plants under NTPC and UPEB are being pursued to provide adequate control
measures. CPCB requested UPPCB to regularly monitor the performance of the
control measures adopted.
 Realizing the gravity of the problem, it was decided to monitored all the locations
at least once in a year monitored even those rivers which are either small/seasonal
or not causing any Interstate dispute.
 The concerned SPCBs have been requested to take remedial measures to restore
water quality of the identified polluted river at interstate border.
3. Action taken in the matter of River Yamuna :
 Episodes on water quality degradation at Wazirabad were informed by Delhi Jal
Board on several occasions since 2006. Similar episodes occurred in October and
November, 2006 and Central Pollution Control Board has issue direction to
Haryana State Pollution Control Board (HSPCB) u/s 18 1 (b) of Water (Prevention
and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 during 2006. Chairman, CPCB also wrote a
DO letter to the Financial Commissioner & Principal Secretary to Govt. of
Haryana who was also In-charge of Environment & Forests Department of
Government of Haryana during 2006.
 CPCB again issued direction to Haryana State Pollution Control Board u/s 18 1 (b)
of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 on November 15, 2007
for taking immediate effective steps to contain pollution of the River Yamuna..
 CPCB again issued direction to Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, State Pollution Control
Board (SPCB) and Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) u/s 18 1 (b) of
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 on 23/11/2007.
 CPCB made an exhaustive survey report on Polluting Sources of Yamuna river
Upstream Wazirabad.
 A meeting was held on 29/06/2009 at CPCB, Head office on water quality
problems of Yamuna river with Delhi Jal Board, Delhi Pollution Control
Committee (DPCC), Uttar Pardesh SPCB, Haryana SPCB, UP Jal Nigam, Nagar
Nigam Ghaziabad to contain pollution at the respective sources of the River
Stretch of Yamuna.
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 A meeting was held on 10/11/2009 in CPCB on issues of water quality of Yamuna
River in Delhi Stretch.
 A meeting was held on 31/12/09 at CPCB to review the status of sewage treatment
in Delhi & water Quality Problems in Delhi stretch of Yamuna River.
 DJB regularly complaint about increase in Ammonia and chloride level at river
Yamuna upstream Wazirabad, Delhi.
 A meeting was held on 28/03/2011 at house of Hon’ble Chief Minister of Delhi
to
review the Water Quality Problem of River. Yamuna. Yamuna. Brief report on
Yamuna river (Hathnikund to Okhla Barrage) is also prepared.
 CPCB recently conducted a survey of river Yamuna from Hathnikund to Agra to
assess the water quality of river Yamuna.
 CPCB also monitor Sewage Treatment plant installed along the catchment of river
Yamuna.
 CPCB also monitoring the status of drain joining river Yamuna.
 A review meeting on “Interstate Water Pollution Problem in Southern and Western
States” was held on 18/07/08 at MoEF.
Action Taken in the matter of River Ghaggar :
 Pursuant to the decisions taken in the meeting held on August 19, 2009 chaired by the
Secretary, Cabinet Coordination, Rashtrapati Bhawan, New Delhi and
communication received from the Joint Secretary, Ministry of Environment and
Forests (MoEF), Shri Rajiv Guaba vide letter no. M-12012/1/2002-NRCD-II (pt)
dated 24/08/2009, a detailed field investigation on the aforesaid issued was conducted
by CPCB. A detailed report on “Pollution Status of River Ghaggar” was compiled
and submitted to MoEF on 14/12/2009.
 On the basis of report, MoEF requested CPCB to issue directions to the defaulter
industries in order to address the problem of pollution load entering Jharmal Choe
and other area vide DO. NO M-12012/1/2002-NRCD-II (pt) dated 12th February,
2010.
 CPCB issued direction to the Punjab, Haryana & Himachal Pradesh State Pollution
Control Boards & Chandigarh PCC under section 18 (1)( b) of the water (PCP) Act
1974 in the matter of industrial effluent and sewage discharge into Ghaggar River
vide letter no. A-19014/41/2001-mon/509-11 dated 15th April, 2010.
 Since, No reply was received therefore, CPCB issued reminder letter to the Punjab,
Haryana & Himachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Boards & Chandigarh PCC on
the same issues vide letter no. A-19014/41/2001-Mon/6719-6722 dated 17th August,
2010.
 Chandhigarh PCC (CPCC) has given show cause notice to the Municipal
Corporation, Chandigarh and Superintending Engineer, Chandigarh Administration:
 to ensure treatment of sewage to the prescribed norms with immediate effect.
 to ensure that STP run on optimal capacity.
 Municipal Corporation was directed to lay down pipeline to carry sewage water of
Chandigarh directly to STP Raipur Kalan.
 CPCB regularly submitting analysis report of the sewage treatment plants installed in
Chandigarh.
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CHAPTER10: RECOMMENDATIONS
The river pollution control needs consideration of the following aspects for clean-up:
 Industries should install the machineries to remove contaminants from their effluents and
wastewater by installing Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) , untreated effluent discharge
into rivers should not be allowed and Immediate closure of all the unauthorized activities
which discharge industrial effluents, sludge and chemicals.
 The cities and towns should also have facilities to clean sewage effluent. All towns and
cities should have Sewage Treatment Plant to treat the sewage.
 Religious practices/activities which pollute river water. Idols should be made from natural
materials as described in the holy scripts. It would be appropriate to use traditional clay
for idol making rather than baked clay. Use of painted idols should be discouraged.
 In case painted idols are used, water soluble and non-toxic natural dyes may be used. Use
of toxic and non- degradable chemical dyes should be strictly prohibited.
 Natural colors used in food products and permitted in Pharmaceuticals may be preferred.
 Proposals for creation of treatment capacity must be based and prioritized with reference
to the estimated sewage generation in the relevant catchment areas which should be
estimated after taking all factors into account including population trends and
availability/supply of water.
 Systems and procedures need to be strengthened to ensure accurate measurement of both
the quantity of treated sewage being discharged as well as its quality with reference to the
prescribed parameters.
 Promoting communities participation in local river cleaning up
 Organizing awareness programs and meetings on the river pollution and its threats.
 Provide proper garbage collection system on both banks of the river, so that garbage is not
dumped in the river.
 To improve flow pattern, it will improve its carrying capacity.
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