Taylor’s Freezing Point Determination Test Kit
INTRODUCTION
I
n the Freezing Point Determination
Test Kit we have assembled the
apparatus needed to monitor the freezing point of ethylene glycol solutions,
propylene glycol solutions, sodiumchloride-based brines, and calciumchloride-based brines. The K-1540
consists of a 200 mm glass hydrometer
cylinder and two hydrometers for determining specific gravity in the ranges
1.000–1.070 (for waters treated with
ethylene glycol or propylene glycol)
and 1.000–1.400 (for sodium chloride
and calcium chloride brines); a correction table for sample temperature;
plus the charts for cross-referencing
the specific gravity reading with the
percentage by weight/percentage by
volume of the solution and its freezing
point in degrees Fahrenheit/degrees
Celsius. The assemblage is a welcome
convenience for two user groups in
particular.
In recent years the desire to conserve
water and energy has resulted in a
greater reliance on closed cooling
water systems for both comfort and
process cooling. When closed water
systems are operated year-round in
cold weather zones, they must have
protection from freezing. Food processors generally use propylene glycol
solutions for this purpose. Elsewhere,
ethylene-glycol-based antifreeze is
commonly added to cooling water to
make the water stay liquid at temperatures below its normal freezing point.
The K-1540 will allow these operators to
maintain correct freeze point control.
Thermal energy storage (TES)
systems are an increasingly popular
way to provide chilled water during
the day for comfort cooling, commercial refrigeration, and light process
cooling without increasing energy
consumption at peak-rate times.
Cooling energy produced at night,
off-peak, is stored in the form of
cooled liquid or ice in tanks; this
Maintain freeze point control with the hydrometers and charts in the K-1540.
stored energy is used the following
day. TES system operators who use
sodium chloride or calcium chloride
for freezing point depression also will
find the K-1540 helpful.
Freezing Point
determination Kit
K-1540
Apparatus to determine the specific
gravity of ethylene glycol or propylene
glycol solutions and sodium- or
calcium-chloride brines with charts
showing the correspondence of the
specific gravity reading with the
percentage by weight/percentage by
volume (of ethylene glycol, propylene
glycol, NaCl, and CaCl2) and the
freezing point (in °F and °C)
USER BENEFITS
•
•
All necessary apparatus is
preassembled in one box.
Conversions from specific gravity
readings to freezing points have been
calculated for you and presented in an
easy-to-use format.
Waterproof instructions are
•printed
on plastic-impregnated paper
that resists fading and tearing.
Custom-molded, durable plastic
case with foam lining provides safe
storage for glass components.
•
ALSO AVAILABLE
Routine and diagnostic tests for
•waters
in open and closed cooling
systems, as well as boilers; simple
drop-count titrations are our specialty.
Myron L handheld meters plus
bacteria tests manufactured by Orion
Diagnostica (Easicult®) and Biosan
(Sani-Check®).
Toll-free technical assistance at
800-TEST KIT.
•
•
REPRESENTATIVE TEST PROCEDURE
From K-1540 instruction:
Freezing Point Determination
Ethylene Glycol Solutions
Propylene Glycol Solutions
Sodium Chloride Brines
Calcium Chloride Brines
COMPONENTS:
1 x 4016
1 x 4017
1 x 4018
1 x 5062
Hydrometer, Specific Gravity, 1.000-1.070
Hydrometer, Specific Gravity, 1.000-1.400
Cylinder, Hydrometer, 200 mm
Instruction
TO ORDER REPLACEMENT PARTS CALL TOLL-FREE 800-TEST KIT (800-837-8548).
Instr. #5062
Beginwithyoureyebelowthelevelofthesamplesurfacesothatthesurfaceappearsas
anellipse.Slowlyraisethelineofsightuntilthesamplesurfacebecomesastraightline.(At
thispointyoureyeislevelwiththesamplesurface.)
Read the hydrometer at the point where the line of the sample surface intersects the
hydrometerstem.
NOTE: Thehydrometerandsampleshouldbeatthesametemperaturebeforeareadingis
taken.
Do not take a reading until the hydrometer and sample are at rest and free of air
bubbles.
Thepointwherethesampleactuallytouchesthestemisnotthecorrectreading.The
correctreadingcorrespondstotheplaneofintersectionofthesamplesurfaceand
thehydrometerstem(seedrawing).
PROCEDURE:
1.Rinseacleanhydrometercylinder(#4018)withsampletobetested.Carefullyfillthehydrometercylinderbypouringsampledowntheinsidewallofthehydrometercylinderavoiding
theformationofairbubblesinthesample.Placecylinderonalevelsurface.
2.Determinethetemperatureofthesample.
3.Selecthydrometertobeusedfromthechartbelow.
WaterSample
Hydrometer
Ethyleneglycolsolution
1.000-1.070(#4016)
Propyleneglycolsolution
1.000-1.070(#4016)
Calciumchloridebrine
1.000-1.400(#4017)
Sodiumchloridebrine
1.000-1.400(#4017)
4.Placethehydrometerinthesampleandallowittofloat.
5.Gentlypushthehydrometerdownnomorethan1/8".Releasethehydrometerandallowit
toriseandsettleinthesample.
6.Readthehydrometerateyelevelwiththesamplesurfacetodeterminethespecificgravity
ofthesample.Todothis,followtheprocedurebelow:
1.042
not 1.041
1.0 50
40
(OVER)
7.Usingthetemperaturecorrectionchartbelow,adjustthehydrometerreadingtocompensate
forthetemperatureeffectonthehydrometerasfollows:
Matchthespecificgravityvalueinthetableclosesttothehydrometerreadingwiththesample
temperature.Dividethevaluefromthetableby1000togetthecorrectionfactor.Addthe
correctionfactortothehydrometerreadingandrecordtheresultasthespecificgravityof
thesample.
Forexample,ifthehydrometerreadingis1.100andthesampletemperatureis86ºF,the
correctionfactorcalculatestobe3.0/1000or0.003.Thespecificgravityofthesampleis
1.100+0.003or1.103.
NOTE: Formoreexactvalues,interpolationbetweenvaluescanbeperformed.
Temperature Corrections for Specific Gravity Hydrometers
15.5ºC/60ºF
SpecificGravity
ºC
ºF
1.000
1.100
1.200
1.300
15.5
60
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20
68
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9
25
77
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.3
30
86
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.7
35
95
4.0
4.1
4.4
5.1
40
104
5.1
5.2
5.6
6.5
45
113
6.2
6.3
6.8
7.9
50
122
7.3
7.4
8.0
9.3
55
131
8.4
8.5
9.2
10.7
60
140
9.5
9.6
10.4
12.1
65
149
10.6
10.7
11.6
13.5
70
158
11.7
11.8
12.8
14.9
75
167
12.8
12.9
14.0
16.3
80
176
13.9
14.0
15.2
17.7
85
185
15.0
15.1
16.4
19.1
90
194
16.1
16.1
17.6
20.5
95
203
17.2
17.1
18.8
21.9
100
212
18.3
18.1
20.0
23.0
1.400
0.0
1.0
2.5
4.0
5.5
7.0
8.5
10.0
11.5
13.0
14.5
16.0
17.5
19.0
20.5
22.0
23.5
25.0
Freezing Point of Sodium Chloride Brines
%NaCl
SpecificGravity
FreezingPoint
ByWeight
15.5ºC(60ºF)
ºC
ºF
0
1.000
0.0
32.0
1
1.007
-0.58
31.0
2
1.014
-1.13
30.0
3
1.021
-1.72
28.9
4
1.028
-2.35
27.8
5
1.036
-2.97
26.7
6
1.043
-3.63
25.5
7
1.051
-4.32
24.2
8
1.059
-5.03
22.9
9
1.067
-5.77
21.6
10
1.074
-6.54
20.2
11
1.082
-7.34
18.8
12
1.089
-8.17
17.3
13
1.097
-9.03
15.7
14
1.104
-9.94
14.1
15
1.112
-10.88
12.4
16
1.119
-11.90
10.6
17
1.127
-12.93
8.7
18
1.135
-14.03
6.7
19
1.143
-15.21
4.6
20
1.152
-16.46
2.4
21
1.159
-17.78
0.0
22
1.168
-19.19
-2.5
23
1.176
-20.69
-5.2
23.3(E)
1.179
-21.13
-6.0
24
1.184
-17.0*
+1.4*
25
1.193
-10.4*
13.3*
26.0
1.201
-2.3*
27.9*
26.3
1.203
0.0*
32.0*
*Saturationtemperaturesofsodiumchloridedihydrate;atthesetemperaturesNaCl•2H2O
separatesleavingthebrineoftheeutecticcompostion(E).
Instr. #5062
8.Usingtheappropriatechartbelow,matchthespecificgravityofthesamplefromStep7to
thefreezingpointofthewater.
Freezing Point of Ethylene Glycol Solutions
%Glycol
SpecificGravity
FreezingPoint
ByWeight ByVolume
15.5ºC(60ºF)
ºC
ºF
10
9.2
1.013
-3.6
25.6
15
13.8
1.019
-5.6
22.0
20
18.3
1.026
-7.9
17.8
25
23.0
1.033
-10.7
12.8
30
28.0
1.040
-14.0
6.8
40
37.8
1.053
-22.3
-8.2
50
47.8
1.067
-33.8
-28.8
60
58.1
1.079
-49.3
-56.7
%Glycol
ByVolume
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Freezing Point of Propylene Glycol Solutions
SpecificGravity
FreezingPoint
15.5ºC(60ºF)
ºC
ºF
1.004
-1.1
30
1.006
-2.2
28
1.012
-3.9
25
1.017
-6.7
20
1.020
-8.9
16
1.024
-12.8
9
1.028
-16.1
3
-20.6
-5
1.032
1.037
-26.7
-16
1.040
-33.3
-28
(NEXT PAGE)
%CaCl2
ByWeight
0
1.1
2.3
3.5
4.7
5.8
7.0
8.1
9.2
10.4
11.4
12.5
13.5
14.6
15.6
16.6
17.6
18.6
19.5
20.5
21.5
22.4
23.3
24.2
25.1
26.0
Freezing Point of Calcium Chloride Brines
SpecificGravity
FreezingPoint
15.5ºC(60ºF)
ºC
ºF
1.000
0.0
32.0
1.010
-0.5
31.1
1.020
-1.0
30.2
1.030
-1.8
29.1
1.040
-2.2
28.0
1.050
-2.8
27.0
1.060
-3.2
25.9
1.070
-4.1
24.6
1.080
-4.8
23.4
1.090
-5.9
21.7
1.100
-6.5
20.3
1.110
-7.5
18.5
1.120
-8.6
16.5
1.130
-9.9
14.4
1.140
-11.1
12.0
1.150
-12.4
9.7
1.160
-13.9
7.0
1.170
-15.6
4.1
1.180
-17.0
1.4
1.190
-19.0
-2.2
1.200
-21.0
-5.8
1.210
-23.0
-9.4
1.220
-25.1
-13.2
1.230
-27.2
-17.1
1.240
-29.6
-21.3
1.250
-32.1
-25.8
31LovetonCircle,Sparks,MD21152U.S.A.
800-TESTKIT(837-8548) • 410-472-4340
Instr. #5062
12/07
rev. 080410