Sites of overt and covert attention define simultaneous spatial reference
centers for visuomotor response
Yang Zhou1,4, Lixin Liang2, Yujun Pan2, Ning Qian3*, Mingsha Zhang1*
1. State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal
University, Beijing, 100875, China
2. Department of Neurology, the First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University,
Harbin, 150001, China,
3. Department of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics,
Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
4. Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
* Corresponding author: Mingsha Zhang and Ning Qian
Email: [email protected],
[email protected].
Tel: 86-010-58804738
Fax: 86-010-58804734
Key words: multiple reference frames; top-down attention; bottom-up attention; spatial
representation; visuomotor transformation; sensorimotor integration; Simon’s effect
Left key press
Raw RT (S)
a
***
***
b
Right key press
***
*
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
Short
delay
Fraction correct
c
No
cue
Long
delay
Short
delay
No
cue
Long
delay
Short
delay
No
cue
Long
delay
d
1
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.92
Short
delay
No
cue
Long
delay
Figure S1. Raw RTs and fraction-correct performances for the no-cue control,
and short- and long-delay valid-cue conditions of the orientation task.
(a-d) The two rows show the RT and fraction correct, respectively; the two
columns show the results for the left and right key presses, respectively. Each
color represents results of an individual subject. Black dots and bars represent
the means and ±SEM across the subjects. Asterisk denotes the results of
post-hoc two-tailed paired t-tests: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.
Figure S1
Left key press
Short-delay valid-cue
Normalized RT (INCOMP)
a
1.05
n = 5*14
1.05
1
1
0.95
0.95
0.9
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.85
p < 0.001
0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
c
Long-delay valid-cue
Normalized RT (INCOMP)
Right key press
b
1.05
0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
d
1.05
1.05
1
1
0.95
0.95
0.9
0.9
0.85
0.85
0.8
p < 0.001
0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
p < 0.001
0.8
p < 0.001
0.8
1.05
1.05
0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
Normalized RT (COMP)
1.05
Figure S2. Comparison of individual subjects’ RTs between the compatible and incompatible
trials in the valid-cue conditions of the orientation task.
(a-d) The two rows are for the short- and long-delay valid-cue conditions, respectively; the
two columns are for the left and right key presses, respectively. For each subject, the
normalized RTs at the central five horizontal eccentricities of the gratings are shown with the
same symbol. .
Figure S2
* * *
*
0.98
0.96
0.94
INCOMP
COMP
Long-delay
valid-cue condition
Fraction correct
*
1
d
*
c
*
0.92
*
Short-delay
valid-cue condition
Fraction correct
* *
1
Right key press
b
**
Left key press
a
0.98
0.96
0.94
-8
-4
0
+4
+0
Horizontal eccentricity
-8
-4
0
+4
+8
Horizontal eccentricity
Figure S3. Fraction correct performances for the compatible and
incompatible trials in the two valid-cue conditions.
(a-d) The two rows are for the short- and long-delay valid-cue conditions,
respectively; the two columns are for the left and right key presses,
respectively. The dashed and solid curves indicate the results for the
incompatible and compatible trials, respectively. The bars represent ±SEM.
Figure S3
a
b
Left key press
1.4
1.4
Normalized RT
(INCOMP)
p = 0.89
p = 0.99
1.2
1.2
1
1
0.8
Right key press
1
Normalized RT
1.2
(COMP)
1.4
0.8
1
Normalized RT
1.2
(COMP)
1.4
Figure S4 Comparison of individual subjects’ RTs between the compatible and incompatible trials
in the invalid-cue control condition of orientation task. The format is the same as that for Figure S2.
Figure S4
a
b
Top key press
1
(INCOMP)
1.1
Normalized RT
Bottom key press
p = 0.0014
p = 7.9*10-5
1
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.9
Normalized RT
1
1.1
(COMP)
0.7
0.8
Normalized RT
0.9
(COMP)
1
Figure S5. . RTs for the color task along the vertical dimension.
(a-b) Individual subjects’ RT for the top and bottom key presses. Each symbol represents results
of a different subject. In each panel, the normalized RT for the incompatible trials is plotted against
that for the compatible trials.
Figure S5