Smarr Publishers
English
for
Classical Studies
A Student’s Companion to
Selected Stories of
Nathaniel Hawthorne
by Robert W. Watson
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Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne / 1
Introduction to Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne
S
INCE Nathaniel Hawthorne was a descendant of a judge
in the Salem witch trials, we can understand
Hawthorne’s fixation with writing about Puritan themes
and about the darker side of the supernatural. Hawthorne led a
lonely childhood where books were essentially his sole
companions. While attending Bowdoin College, Hawthorne
meets and becomes good friends with Franklin Pierce who
would one day become president of the United States. After
publishing his first novel, Fanshawe, Hawthorne began writing
stories for the Token and New England Magazine. Later, these
stories about New England Puritanism, including his
“Minister’s Black Veil,” were collected in Twice-Told Tales.
From 1839 to 1841, Hawthorne wrote a few popular
children books while employed at the Boston Custom House,
an appointment from Franklin Pierce, who now was a Senator.
Hawthorne became interested in transcendentalism and spent a short time at Brook Farm, an
experimental community that eventually failed. However, this failure of Brook Farm convinced
the transcendentalists that a system of public education was necessary in order to teach young
children to become selfless. Only then could individuals live together in harmony and share
everything in common.
After marrying Sophia Amelia Peabody, Hawthorne began his friendship with Henry David
Thoreau. During 1845 through 1849, Hawthorne writes more Puritan tales, including two that
you will read, “The Birthmark” and “Young Goodman Brown.” Following closely after these
short stories, Hawthorne writes his greatest novels: The Scarlet Letter, The House of the Seven
Gables, and The Blithdale Romance.
Many of Hawthorne’s earlier short stories are allegorical and rich with symbolism. Edgar
Allan Poe stated that of all of the short stories written by American authors during that time,
only Washington Irving’s and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s were worth reading. I think that you will
agree with Poe that Hawthorne is a master storyteller.
ROBERT W. WATSON
2 / Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Lesson One
1.1 Vocabulary
mendicant n.
veracious adj.
complaisant adj.
plagiarize v.
1.2 Vocabulary Exercise
1. The style of writing is unquestionably that of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Therefore, Mr.
Thompson _______________________ by publishing the book as his own work.
2. Known for her honesty, Sharon will give a ____________________ audit of any company’s
financial records.
3. Since our moving out to the country, we have had more than our share of
___________________ who come to our door asking for food.
4. Since the orphan was taken off the streets by Mrs. Wilson, the young boy went out of his
way to be ______________________ to Mrs. Wilson’s wishes.
1.3 Reading Assignment: “Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment” in Young Goodman Brown and Other
Short Stories
1.4 Recall Questions
1. How many friends did Dr. Heidegger invite to meet at his home?
2. What relationship did the Widow Wycherly have with Mr. Medbourne, Colonel Killigrew
and Mr. Gascoigne?
3. What was rumored about the mirror that hung between two bookcases?
4. What was in the center of the room where the guests were seated?
5. What does the doctor take from between the pages of the large volume that was supposedly
a book of magic?
6. What happens to this object as the doctor puts it into the vase with water?
7. According to Dr. Heidegger, why did Ponce de Leon fail to find the “Fountain of Youth”?
8. After Mr. Medbourne drank of the water, what business scheme was he contemplating?
Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne / 3
9. As the guests were made young again, what did the mirror reveal?
10. What happened as the three men began to fight each other?
11. The water that fell on the floor brought what back to life?
12. What did the guests resolve to do since the water was gone?
13. According to an English Review, which author was Hawthorne accused of plagiarizing the
material for “Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment”?
1.5 Critical Thinking

Explain why the following statement by Dr. Heidegger is vain whenever the soul is not
transformed: “Think what a sin and shame it would be, if, with your peculiar advantages,
you should not become patterns of virtue and wisdom to all the young people of the age.”

Concerning the rose returning to its dryness, explain the meaning when Dr. Heidegger
states, “I love it as well thus, as in its dewy freshness.”
1.6 Bonus Thoughts

Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.): Called “the Father of Medicine,” Hippocrates was a Greek
physician who laid the foundations for a scientific approach to medicine by establishing a
school that emphasized the value of observation and the careful diagnosis of symptoms. The
students of this school believed that disease resulted from natural, rather than supernatural,
causes. Nevertheless, while he used an empirical method for research, Hippocrates believed
that the human body contained four fluids, known as the “four humors.” These humors were
blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile. Good health meant a perfect balance of these
four humors.
4 / Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Lesson Two
2.1 Vocabulary
affinity n.
odious adj.
recondite adj.
ephemeral adj.
2.2 Vocabulary Exercise
1. Due to the displeasure of the colonists in New England, the ________________ Townshend
Acts caused a serious reevaluation of the relationship between the colonies and the king.
2. Compared to eternity, our brief life on earth is _________________, like a momentary
whiff of smoke.
3. For most people, Immanuel Kant’s Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics is very
_______________________ in that the philosopher’s argument is difficult to follow.
4. The two strangers had an immediate _______________________ for each other when they
discovered that they both belonged to many of the same social, religious, and political
organizations.
2.3 Reading Assignment: “The Birthmark” in Young Goodman Brown and Other Short
Stories
2.4 Recall Questions
1. What was the “spiritual affinity more attractive than any chemical one”?
2. Georgiana’s birthmark was in the shape of what?
3. In Georgiana’s dream, what is the one expression that she could not forget?
4. Georgiana and Aylmer resolved finally to do what concerning the birthmark?
5. According to Hawthorne, what does Mother Nature permit scientists to do?
6. After Georgiana awakens from her fainting, Aylmer remarks that he is happy that
Georgiana has the birthmark. Why?
7. According to Alymer, he had discovered an elixir vitae that would do what to any person
who drank it?
8. While Georgiana read the book that contained the progress and the results of Alymer’s
experiments, what does she discover regarding most of the experiments?
Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne / 5
9. Upon what does Alymer first test his “concoction” before giving the liquid to Georgiana?
10. After Georgiana awakes, she states to Alymer that because of his “high and pure” feelings,
he had rejected what?
11. As the birthmark disappears, what happens to Georgiana?
2.5 Critical Thinking

Compare and contrast Alymer with Aminadab.

Explain what Alymer, Aminadab, and Georgiana symbolize.

Explain the symbolism of the birthmark.
2.6 Bonus Thoughts

Alchemy: During the medieval period, Alchemy was a philosophy centered on the
experimentation with various elements. The goals of the alchemist were lofty. First, the
alchemist sought a means for changing base metals, such as lead, into gold. Next, the
alchemist tried to discover a potion that would cure all diseases and ailments, called a
panacea. Finally, the alchemist tried to find an elixir of that would prolong life. Even
though the alchemists failed to achieve any of these goals, the various experiments led to
the creation of the science of chemistry.

Pygmalion: Hawthorne makes an allusion to Greek mythology when Aylmer states, “Even
Pygmalion, when his sculptured woman assumed life, felt not greater ecstasy than mine will
be.” Pygmalion was a misogynist (woman-hater). Nevertheless, as a sculptor, Pygmalion
created a woman that was so beautiful that all living women avoided the statue. The statue
was in the form of the perfect woman and Pygmalion falls in love with his own work. After
pretending that the statue was real by giving it gifts, dressing it, and even kissing it,
Pygmalion appeals to Venus to give him a wife like his statue. Venus grants the wish and
changes the statue into a living woman.
6 / Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Lesson Three
3.1 Vocabulary
ocular adj.
pendent adj.
festoon n.
proselyte n.
3.2 Vocabulary Exercise
1. When I told my friends about the gold at the end of the rainbow, they insisted that they have
__________________ proof; that is, they would have to see the gold for themselves before
they would believe my story.
2. After reading many books and attending some meetings, James, who was a devout Socialist,
became a ______________________ to free market economics.
3. The festive season is marked by ________________________ of holly leaves being hung
above the doors and around the windows.
4. By getting hold of a ___________________ rope that was suspended just above him, the
young man was able to climb out of the hole.
3.3 Reading Assignment: “Young Goodman Brown” in Young Goodman Brown and Other
Short Stories
3.4 Recall Questions
1. What is the name of Goodman Brown’s wife?
2. Describe the staff that the traveler is holding.
3. What does the traveler reveal to Goodman Brown when Brown states that he came from a
long line of faithful Christians?
4. What is the name of the “pious old lady” and what relationship does she have to Goodman
Brown?
5. The old lady reveals who the traveler is. Who is he?
6. Hawthorne alludes to the Bible concerning the staff. What is the allusion?
7. While hiding in the woods, Goodman Brown hears the conversation of two riders. Who are
these two men?
8. What floats down softly from the sky and gets caught in a tree?
Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne / 7
9. According to the devil, what is the nature of mankind and what must be mankind’s only
happiness?
10. As Goodman Brown faces his wife, he repents of his desired pact with the devil. What does
Brown ask Faith to do?
11. Why was there no hopeful verse carved upon Goodman Brown’s tombstone?
3.5 Critical Thinking

Explain how that by seeing evil in everyone else, Goodman Brown becomes evil himself.

While evil is the nature of mankind, explain how that evil is not necessarily mankind’s only
happiness.
3.6 Bonus Thoughts

Goodman and Goodwife: A goodman is the male head of the household; a goodwife, or
goody, is the female head of a household.

Salem Witch Trials: This story takes place in the town of Salem, Massachusetts. Salem
will be forever remembered for an outbreak of witch-hunting that led to the death of
nineteen “witches.” The belief in witches had a long standing acceptance among Catholics
and Protestants. The incident that began the hysteria in Salem was the report by certain
children who claimed that they were bewitched by some townspeople. When these same
children began to have fits and to act strangely, the colonists demanded an end to the
witches. In 1692, a special court was established and arrests were commonplace. Finally, a
reaction to the executions stopped the frenzy. Even the leaders and jurymen showed deep
repentance for their part in the trials and openly confessed their errors, asking for
forgiveness.

King Philip’s War: Goodman Brown’s father is said to have burned down an Indian
village during King Philip’s war. Perhaps one of the bloodiest wars in American history, the
Indian war began in 1675 with the attack on the town of Swansea. The war is named after
King Philip who was the sachem [chief] of the Indian tribes in Massachusetts. For more
information concerning King Philip’s war, refer to A Student’s Companion to The Captivity,
Sufferings, and Removes of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson..
8 / Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Lesson Four
4.1 Vocabulary
languor n.
obsequy n.
wan adj.
expiate v.
4.2 Vocabulary Exercise
1. Because of his distress, Kim became ______________ when he realized that he had
forgotten to study for the chemistry test.
2. The gentle breeze and distant beating of the surf put us into a ___________________ as we
napped beneath the shade of the large pine tree.
3. After calling Susan an ugly, old frog, Jeffery thought that he
_____________________ himself by giving a box of candy to the offended girl.
could
4. I must admit that the __________________ performed by the first grade class for the dead
fly was as comical a funeral as I have known.
4.3 Reading Assignment: “Roger Malvin’s Burial” in Young Goodman Brown and Other
Short Stories
4.4 Recall Questions
1. What two outcomes were the result of “Lovell’s Fight”?
2. What simile does Hawthorne use to describe the “mass of granite, rearing its smooth, flat
surface”?
3. Why does Malvin tell Reuben to go on without him?
4. According to Malvin, why do city folk bury their dead?
5. How does Malvin finally convince Reuben to leave him?
6. What does Reuben vow to do as he tied a handkerchief to a tree?
7. Just as Reuben began to leave, Malvin calls him back to request what?
8. When Reuben sees Malvin for the last time, what is Malvin doing?
9. Why was Reuben unable to kill any deer or fowl?
Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne / 9
10. What possible double meaning is suggested for the paleness of Reuben’s face during the
wedding?
11. Even though he never believed it to be real, what was the “haunting and torturing fancy”
that Reuben possessed?
12. As a result of Reuben’s irritability and many lawsuits, what happens to Reuben financially?
13. While the family traveled to a new homestead, what did Cyrus often hint to his father
regarding the journey?
14. What were the only two books that the family owned?
15. How does Reuben explain his divine-like compelling to the area where his family set up
camp?
16. When Reuben notices the tree on which he tied the handkerchief, what was peculiar about
the branch compared to the others?
17. What does Dorcas do in order to lessen the gloom of the darkening forest and pines?
18. Regarding Cyrus, what is meant by the line, “O, there lay the boy, asleep, but dreamless,
upon the fallen forest leaves!”
19. When the bough on which the handkerchief was tied fell to the earth, what sign did this
indicate to Reuben?
4.5 Critical Thinking

Explain how that by lying to Dorcas, Reuben becomes a coward.

Explain how secret sin causes a change in a person’s disposition.
4.6 Bonus Thoughts

Black-letter Bible: As a printing term, black-letter refers to a heavy typeface with very
broad counters and thick, ornamental serifs. Oftentimes, the typeface is also called gothic or
Old English. The first edition of the Authorized Version of the Bible was printed with
black-letter type. An example of this typeface is the following passage from Genesis.
In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
10 / Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Lesson Five
5.1 Vocabulary
reprehension n.
incontrovertible adj.
jaunty adj.
inebriety n.
5.2 Vocabulary Exercise
1. The ____________________ of the old man was no joking matter; after leaving the bar, he
was almost hit by a car and nearly fell off the Smith Creek bridge.
2. Since I forgot to bring the cows home, I knew that my father would be displeased with me;
indeed, my father’s __________________________ was especially severe.
3. In that my brother had chocolate all over his face, my mother took this evidence as
_________________________ proof that he had eaten all of the candy that was on the
table.
4. The summer heat this year was especially oppressive; however, as soon as the weather
turned cooler, the townspeople seemed to be __________________ in both their walk down
the street and their greetings to each other.
5.3 Reading Assignment: “My Kinsman, Major Molineux” in Young Goodman Brown and
Other Short Stories
5.4 Recall Questions
1. How did the colonists react to governors who were appointed by the king?
2. What was Robin’s purpose for coming to town?
3. What is the reaction by those in the barber shop to Robin’s question?
4. Where does Robin go next to ask about his kinsman?
5. What does the innkeeper reveal to Robin after the boy asks about his kinsman.
6. After asking the night watchman where his kinsman lived, what does Robin think he hears
after the watchman leaves without saying a word?
7. After accosting a stranger on the street, Robin demands of him the directions to Major
Molineux’s. Robin is told to wait for an hour and he would see his kinsman. What was odd
about the stranger’s face?
Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne / 11
8. In what vicinity does Robin wait for Major Molineux?
9. Before coming to town, when did Robin meet Major Molineux?
10. What was the reason for the uproar in the streets?
11. Who was the “elderly man, of large and majestic person” in the cart and what was his
condition?
12. What advice does the kind gentleman give to Robin when he asks for directions to the
ferry?
5.5 Critical Thinking

Explain how Hawthorne maintains suspense throughout the story of “My Kinsman, Major
Molineux.”
5.6 Bonus Thoughts

“Nicotian atmosphere”: Named after the French diplomat, Jean Nicot (1530-1600),
nicotiana refers to any of various flowering annual or perennial herbs which are native to
the Americas and includes the tobacco plant. Therefore, a “Nicotian atmosphere” is one that
is filled with tobacco smoke. Of course, we get the word “nicotine,” the addicting drug
found in tobacco, from the same name.

The Moonshine of Pyramus and Thisbe: Hawthorne makes an allusion to William
Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream. The country people, lead by Bottom, produce a
play for the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta. The play retells, in a comical way, the
tragic Greek myth and love story of Pyramus and Thisbe. The two young lovers belong to
families that are feuding with one another; nevertheless, Pyramus and Thisbe run away at
night. In Bottom’s play, Starveling plays the part of Moonshine and represents the moon by
holding up a lantern.

Tar and Feather: When suspected of informing the British about the smuggling campaign
of John Gilchrist, Captain William Smith reported that several men “dawbed my body and
face all over with tar and afterwards threw feathers on me.” Smith was then carted “through
every street in town,” and thrown into the sea. Since Smith was rescued by a ship, we are
fortunate to have this record of the first “tar and feathering” in the colonies.
While not used much in Europe, tar and feathers became a very popular form of
intimidation in the North American colonies against tax collectors who tried to enforce the
oppressive Townshend Acts. The tar-and-feather campaign was so successful by
discouraging tax collectors from doing their duty that the Townshend Acts were repealed.
12 / Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Glossary for Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne
affinity (…-f¹n“¹-t¶) n. A natural attraction or feeling of kinship
complaisant (k…m-pl³“s…nt) adj. Exhibiting a willingness to please; cheerfully obliging
ephemeral (¹-fμm“…r-…l) adj. Lasting for a very brief time
expiate (μk“sp¶-³t”) v. To make amends for; atone
festoon (fμ-st›n“) n. A string or garland, as of leaves or flowers, suspended in a loop or curve
between two points
incontrovertible (¹n-k¼n”tr…-vûr“t…-b…l) adj. Impossible to dispute; unquestionable
inebriety (¹n”¹-brº“¹-t¶) n. Intoxication; drunkenness
jaunty (jôn“t¶) adj. Having a self-confident air; brisk
languor (l²ng“g…r, l²ng“…r) n. Lack of physical or mental energy; a dreamy, lazy mood or
quality; oppressive quiet or stillness
mendicant (mμn“d¹-k…nt) n. A beggar
obsequy (¼b“s¹-kw¶) n. A funeral rite or ceremony
ocular (¼k“y…-l…r) adj. Of or relating to the sense of sight; seen by the eye; visual
odious (½“d¶-…s) adj. Arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure
pendent (pμn“d…nt) adj. Hanging down; dangling; suspended; projecting; overhanging
plagiarize (pl³“j…-rºz”) v. To use and pass off the ideas or writings of another as one's own work
proselyte (pr¼s“…-lºt”) n. A new convert to a doctrine or religion
recondite (rμk“…n-dºt”) adj. Not easily understood; abstruse
reprehension (rμp”r¹-hμn“sh…n) n. The act of rebuking or censuring; reproval.
veracious (v…-r³“sh…s) adj. Honest; truthful; accurate; precise
wan (w¼n) adj. Unnaturally pale; suggestive of weariness, illness, or unhappiness; melancholy
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Vocabulary Quiz
Instructions: Match the word with its definition.
A. affinity
D. expiate
G. inebriety
J. mendicant
M. odious
P. proselyte
S. veracious
B. complaisant
E. festoon
H. jaunty
K. obsequy
N. pendent
Q. recondite
T. wan
C. ephemeral
F. incontrovertible
I. languor
L. ocular
O. plagiarize
R. reprehension
1. _____ A beggar
2. _____ Impossible to dispute; unquestionable
3. _____ Exhibiting a willingness to please; cheerfully obliging
4. _____ Not easily understood; abstruse
5. _____ Hanging down; dangling; suspended; projecting; overhanging
6. _____ Arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure
7. _____ To make amends for; atone
8. _____ A funeral rite or ceremony
9. _____ A string or garland suspended in a loop or curve between two points
10. _____ The act of rebuking or censuring; reproof
11. _____ To use and pass off the writings of another as one’s own work
12. _____ Honest; truthful; accurate; precise
13. _____ A new convert to a doctrine or religion
14. _____ Lasting for a very brief time
15. _____ Unnaturally pale; suggestive of weariness, illness, or unhappiness
16. _____ Lack of physical or mental energy; a dreamy, lazy mood or quality
17. _____ Intoxication; drunkenness
18. _____ A natural attraction or feeling of kinship
19. _____ Of or relating to the sense of sight; seen by the eye; visual
20. _____ Having a self-confident air; brisk
Selected Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Vocabulary Exercise
1. plagiarized
2. veracious
3. mendicants
4. complaisant
Lesson One
1. Four
2. The men were all suitors of Widow Wycherly when she was younger.
3. The spirits of the doctor’s deceased patients dwelt in the mirror and would look at him
whenever he looked into the mirror.
4. A small round table holding a cut-glass vase and four champagne-glasses.
5. The remains of a rose that was ready to crumble.
6. The rose came to full bloom.
7. The explorer searched for it in the wrong place.
8. Bringing ice to the East Indies by harnessing a team of whales to polar icebergs.
9. The mirror reflected three old men contending for an old woman
10. The vase with the water fell off the table and broke.
11. A butterfly.
12. They were to make a pilgrimage to Florida to find the Fountain of Youth.
13. Alexandre Dumas
Vocabulary Exercise
1. odious
2. ephemeral
3. recondite
4. affinity
Lesson Two
1. Love
2. A tiny hand.
3. “It is in her heart now; we must have it out!”
4. To remove it.
5. To mar, seldom to mend, and never to create.
6. The removing of the mark will bring him joy.
7. The potion would prolong life.
8. Most of the experiments had failed to achieve what Aylmer had intended.
9. A geranium diseased with yellow blotches
10. The best that earth could offer him.
11. She dies.
1
Vocabulary Exercise
1. ocular
2. proselyte
3. festoons
4. pendent
Lesson Three
1. Faith
2. The staff looked like a big, black snake that twisted and wriggled.
3. Brown’s grandfather beat a Quaker woman and his father set fire to an Indian village during
King Philip’s war.
4. Goody Cloyse; she taught Brown his catechism.
5. The devil.
6. The staffs that the Egyptian magicians threw down when Moses cast the rod of God on the
floor and it became a serpent.
7. The minister of the church and Deacon Gookin.
8. A pink ribbon from Faith’s hair.
9. Evil.
10. Resist the wicked one.
11. His existence was a life of gloom.
Vocabulary Exercise
1. wan
2. languor
3. expiate
4. obsequy
Lesson Four
1. The battle broke the strength of an Indian tribe and it brought about peace that lasted a long
time.
2. Like a gigantic gravestone
3. Malvin is going to die from his wounds.
4. To hide the bodies from the living.
5. Malvin relates a story how he too left a friend for dead, but was able to get help, and today
his friend was a prosperous farmer.
6. He would either save Malvin or return to bury his body.
7. To raise him up so that Malvin could face home and that he could watch Reuben a moment
longer.
8. Praying for Dorcas and Reuben
9. He was out of ammunition.
10. He had the natural anxiety that comes with marriage, but more than likely, the paleness is
due to his lying about the burying of Dorcas’s father.
11. That his father-in-law was still alive, waiting for Reuben to fulfill his promise.
12. He is ruined.
13. Reuben would often get off the trail toward they final destination.
14. A current year’s Massachusetts Almanac and a Bible
2
15. Reuben thought that he was being allowed to find Malvin’s bones and bury them at last.
16. The branch was lifeless and withered while the other branches were green and alive.
17. She sings.
18. Cyrus was dead.
19. The curse was gone from him.
Vocabulary Exercise
1. inebriety
2. reprehension
3. incontrovertible
4. jaunty
Lesson Five
1. For the most part, very unfavorably.
2. To find his kinsman, Major Molineux
3. They laughed at him.
4. A tavern.
5. There is a one pound reward for the arrest of someone who looks like Robin.
6. Laughter
7. Half of his face was black and the other half, red.
8. A churchyard.
9. Robin’s father and the major are related and the major visited the farm a couple years ago.
10. There was a procession of people led by a man on horseback whose face was half black and
half red.
11. Major Molineux; he was tarred and feathered.
12. Robin may desire to stay in the town, and since he was a shrewd youth, he may get along
well without the help of his kinsman.
Nathaniel
Hawthorne
1. J
2. F
3. B
4. Q
5. N
6. M
7. D
8. K
9. E
10. R
11. O
12. S
13. P
14. C
15. T
16. I
17. G
18. A
19. L
20. H
3
4