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Throughout the history in many cultures, a man has considered a tree as
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attributes human properties to lifeless objects.
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the functions of 3URFHVVHV, 3DUWLFLSDQWV and &LUFXPVWDQFHV. According to V a n
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language is reference and predication, that is, representing things that happen in
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situations”. Thus to put in other terms, any language must have the special means
to denote these participants and / or states of affairs.
The aim of the present study is to describe and contrast semantic functions
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categorized according to the semantic positions the nouns WUHHand PHGLV occupy
in a sentence.
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consisting of semantic elements, or components, such as Processes, Participants
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semantic elements.
The semantic functions are a means to represent sentence meaning in logical
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The study of sentence as a means of communication has become an important
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processes, participants and circumstances. Semantically, the sentence describes
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semantic roles not as discrete and bounded categories but instead as prototypes,
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theme, c) causally affected by another participant, d) stationary relative to movement
of another participant.
Of all the components of the semantic structure of the sentence, the process
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Hence in functional linguistics, processes are grouped into material, mental,
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Participants are grouped into animate, inanimate or abstract entities. Furthermore,
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The semantic role depends on the state of affairs that the entity is involved in. In
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the participants involved in the processes, the attributes ascribed to the participants
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of the sentence.
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that the verb is not the same in each set and that they cannot be substituted for
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the semantic roles that of $IIHFWHG3DWLHQWV3ODQWVZHUHVXIIHULQJ«7KHÀRZHUV
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processes and Agents could be referred to as Causers. Agents can be thought of
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the instigators of an action, event or process.
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by control and intentionality over the action that they perform. Some inanimate
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of feeling, thinking and perceiving. Different to Agents in material process clauses,
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