UCL INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY
ARCL3100: Old and Middle Egyptian writings
2016-17
Year 2/3 Option, 0.5 units, term II, Tu 4.00-6.00, room 412, Institute of Archaeology
Co-ordinator: Stephen Quirke
[email protected]
Room 409
Turnitin Class ID: 3228777
Turnitin Password: IoA1617
Please see the last page of this document for important information about submission and
marking procedures, or links to the relevant webpages.
1 OVERVIEW
Short description
The course provides training in the reading and interpretation of hieroglyphic and hieratic
writings from Old and Middle Kingdom Egypt. Knowledge of hieroglyphs and Middle
Egyptian grammar is a prerequisite.
Week-by-week summary
A. Old and Middle Egyptian
1
10.01.2016
Middle Egyptian review through a comparison with Old Egyptian
Old Egyptian ritual and narrative: pyramid of Wenis; chapel of Rawer
2
17.01.2016
Old and Middle Kingdom “autobiography”: comparing Weni
B. Distant shores: the Red Sea and voyages to Punt
3
24.01.2016
Middle Kingdom writing at the Red Sea
4
31.01.2016
Shipwrecked: a Middle Kingdom tale of disaster, rescue and return to Egypt
5
7.02.2016
Shipwrecked
---READING WEEK--C. Writing in a town: finds from Lahun
6
21.02.2016
Inscriptions and manuscripts at Lahun
7
28.02.2016
New contents on Middle Kingdom papyri: law and healing
8
7.03.2016
Poetry, people and kingship: hymns to king Senusret III
D. Archaeologies of literature: the Middle Kingdom “Ramesseum Papyri”
9
14.03.2016
A boxful of Middle Kingdom papyri, found under a New Kingdom temple
10
21.03.2016
Leaving a Sahara home for a Nile market - the tale of Khuninpu
2
Basic texts
The course is based around copies of inscriptions distributed in class or accessible online.
Grammars and dictionaries
Allen, J. 2010. Middle Egyptian: an introduction to the language and culture of hieroglyphs.
2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. INST ARCH EGYPTOLOGY V
5 ALL, ISSUE DESK IoA ALL 8
Erman, A. and H. Grapow 1926–1950. Wörterbuch der aegyptischen Sprache, Leipzig: J. C.
Hinrichs. INST ARCH EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS V 2 ERM
Faulkner, R. 1894–1982. A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute.
INST ARCH EGYPTOLOGY V 2 FAU
Gardiner, A. 1994. Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs,
3rd revised edition, Oxford: Ashmolean Institute. ISNT ARCH EGYPTOLOGY V 5
GAR
Online archive of the Erman dictionary project: http://aaew.bbaw.de/index.html
Anthologies and interpretation of the written record
Assmann, J. 2002. The Mind of Egypt: History and Meaning in the Time of the Pharaohs.
Translated by Andrew Jenkins. New York: Metropolitan Books. EGYPTOLOGY B 12
ASS
Baines, J. 2007. Visual and Written Culture in Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University
Press. EGYPTOLOGY B 20 BAI
Lichtheim, M. and H.-W. Fischer-Elfert, 2006. Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Book of
Readings I. The Old and Middle Kingdoms. Berkeley, Calif.: Univ. of California Press.
INST ARCH EGYPTOLOGY V 20 LIC
Lichtheim, M. and A. Loprieno 2006. Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Book of Readings II. The
New Kingdom. Berkeley, Calif.: Univ. of California Press. INST ARCH
EGYPTOLOGY V 20 LIC
Lichtheim, M. and J. Manning 2006. Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Book of Readings III.
The Late Period. Berkeley, Calif.: Univ. of California Press. INST ARCH
EGYPTOLOGY V 20 LIC
Parkinson, R. B. 1998. The Tale of Sinuhe: And Other Ancient Egyptian Poems, 1940-1640
BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. EGYPTOLOGY V 50 PAR
Parkinson, R. B. 2010. Poetry and culture in Middle Kingdom Egypt: A Dark Side To
Perfection. 2nd edition. Oakville: Equinox Pub. Ltd. EGYPTOLOGY V 50 PAR
Quirke, S. 2004. Egyptian Literature 1800 BC: Questions and Readings. London: Golden
House Publications. EGYPTOLOGY V 50 QUI
Simpson, W. K. and R. K. Ritner 2003. The Literature of Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of
Stories, Instructions, and Poetry. 3rd ed. New Haven, Conn., London: Yale University
Press. INST ARCH EGYPTOLOGY V 20 SIM
General information sources for initial reading on topics and themes around ancient Egypt:
Bard, K. 2007. An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Malden, Mass., Oxford:
Blackwell. EGYPTOLOGY A 5 BAR, ISSUE DESK BAR 29
Lloyd, A. B. (ed.) 2010. A Companion to Ancient Egypt. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
EGYPTOLOGY A 5 LLO
Van de Mieroop, M. 2011. A History of Ancient Egypt. Malden – Oxford: Blackwell.
EGYPTOLOGY B 5 MIE
Otto, E. and W. Helck (eds.) 1975-1986 Lexikon der Ägyptologie. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
EGYPTOLOGY A 2 LEX
Redford, D. B. (ed.) 2001. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford
University Press. EGYPTOLOGY A 2 OXF
Shaw, I. (ed.) 2000. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
EGYPTOLOGY B 5 SHA, ISSUE DESK SHA
3
UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology http://www.uee.ucla.edu/
Wendrich, W. (ed.) 2010. Egyptian Archaeology.
EGYPTOLOGY A 6 WEN
Chichester:
Wiley-Blackwell.
Online bibliography databases for Egyptology include: Online Egyptological Bibliography
http://oeb.griffith.ox.ac.uk/; AIGYPTOS http://www.aigyptos.uni-muenchen.de/ up to 2010.
Methods of assessment
This course is assessed by means of:
(a) an essay of 2,500 words contributing 50 % to the final grade for the course.
(b) a two-hour written examination in May (50 %); students are expected to answer 2 out of 3
questions.
Teaching methods
The course is taught through lectures and discussion seminars. Depending on availability
and course size, there will be visits to the Petrie Museum and British Museum. Students are
expected to complete preparatory reading, transliteration and translation for sessions 2-10.
Workload
There will be 20 hours of seminars including lectures. Students will be expected to undertake
around 50 hours of reading for the course, plus 118 hours preparing for and producing the
assessed work. This adds up to a total workload of some 188 hours for the course.
Prerequisites
Students planning to take this course will normally be expected to have taken ARCL2046.
Students with equivalent knowledge of Middle Egyptian grammar who wish to take this
course are welcome to attend in consultation with the course coordinator.
2 AIMS, OBJECTIVES AND ASSESSMENT
Aims
The course is designed for students who wish to acquire an intermediate level of Middle
Egyptian grammar and a foundation in the Old Egyptian phase of the language. Students will
understand the variety of grammar, writing, and scripts in the older phases of Egyptian
language, fundamental for assessing writing practices and diachronic change in an early
literate civilization. The discussion of contexts, both archaeological and interpretative,
enables students to develop a critical command of ancient written sources for research on
ancient Egypt.
Objectives
On successful completion of the module, the student should
• Be able to transliterate and translate intermediate Middle Egyptian hieroglyphic
inscriptions
• Be able to transcribe, transliterate and translate simple passages in hieratic script
• Know main differences between Old and Middle Egyptian grammar
• Have acquired a robust vocabulary of Ancient Egyptian language
• Know a range of Ancient Egyptian writings
• Understand the use of written material in archaeological and wider interpretative
approaches to ancient Egypt
4
Learning Outcomes
On successful completion of the course students should be able to demonstrate:
•
•
•
•
understanding and critical awareness of the nature of sources and evidence
written and oral skills in analysis and presentation
appreciation of, and ability to apply, methods of philological analysis
ability to relate ancient writings to archaeological and topographical contexts
Coursework and examination
Assessment tasks
Essay: Choose ONE of the questions below.
Submission date: Wednesday 22.03.2017
Word length: 2500 words - see below for penalties for exceeding 2,625 words
1) Do different types of archaeological evidence provide us with a coherent image of Punt?
Among the types of evidence, consider sites, artefacts, depictions, writings.
2) Is Lahun a good example for studying the uses of writing in ancient Egyptian practice?
3) How important is archaeological context for interpretation of Ancient Egyptian literature?
Use the Ramesseum Papyri as one case-study within the wider discussion.
For literature research, use the books listed above under “Basic Texts”, explore the online
literature databases of Egyptology, and check the bibliography at the end of this course
handbook.
If students are unclear about the nature of an assignment, they should discuss this with the
Course Co-ordinator.
Students are not permitted to re-write and re-submit essays in order to try to improve their
marks. However, the Course Co-ordinator is willing to discuss an outline of the student's
approach to the assignment, provided this is planned suitably in advance of the submission
date.
Word counts
The following should not be included in the word-count: title page, contents pages, lists of
figure and tables, abstract, preface, acknowledgements, bibliography, lists of references,
captions and contents of tables and figures, appendices.
For the assigned essay word-count of 2500 words, UCL accepts the range 2,375-2,625.
Penalties will be imposed if you exceed the upper figure in the range. There is no
penalty for using fewer words than the lower figure in the range: the lower figure is simply for
your guidance to indicate the sort of length that is expected.
In the 2016-17 session penalties for over-length work will be as follows:
•
•
For work that exceeds the specified maximum length by less than 10% (2,626-2,888
words) the mark will be reduced by five percentage marks, but the penalised mark
will not be reduced below the pass mark, assuming the work merited a Pass.
For work that exceeds the specified maximum length by 10% or more (2,889+
words), the mark will be reduced by ten percentage marks, but the penalised mark
will not be reduced below the pass mark, assuming the work merited a Pass.
5
Students should put their Candidate Number on all coursework. This is a 5-digit
alphanumeric code and can be found on Portico: it is different from the Student Number/ ID.
Please also put the Candidate Number and course code on each page of the work; do not
put your name anywhere on any page of coursework or cover-sheet.
Citing of sources and Avoiding plagiarism
Coursework must be expressed in your own words, citing the exact source (author, date
and page number; website address if applicable) of any ideas, information, diagrams, etc.,
that are taken from the work of others. This applies to all media (books, articles, websites,
images, figures, etc.). Any direct quotations from the work of others must be indicated
as such by being placed between quotation marks. Plagiarism is a very serious
irregularity, which can carry heavy penalties. It is your responsibility to abide by
requirements for presentation, referencing and avoidance of plagiarism. Make sure you
understand definitions of plagiarism and the procedures and penalties as detailed in UCL
regulations: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/current-students/guidelines/plagiarism
Coursework submission procedures
• All coursework must normally be submitted both as hard copy and electronically.
(The only exceptions are bulky portfolios and lab books which are normally submitted
as hard copy only.)
• You should staple the appropriate colour-coded IoA coversheet (available in the IoA
library and outside room 411a) to the front of each piece of work and submit it to the
red box at the Reception Desk (or room 411a in the case of Year 1 undergraduate
work)
• All coursework should be uploaded to Turnitin by midnight on the day of the deadline.
This will date-stamp your work. It is essential to upload all parts of your work as this
is sometimes the version that will be marked.
• Instructions are given below.
Note that Turnitin uses the term ‘class’ for what we normally call a ‘course’.
1.
Ensure that your essay or other item of coursework has been saved as a Word doc.,
docx. or PDF document, and that you have the Class ID for the course (given on the
front of this course handbook) and enrolment password (this is IoA1617 for all
courses this session - note that this is capital letter I, lower case letter o, upper case
A, followed by the current academic year)
2.
Click on http://www.turnitinuk.com/en_gb/login
3.
Click on ‘Create account’
4.
Select your category as ‘Student’
5.
Create an account using your UCL email address. Note that you will be asked to
specify a new password for your account - do not use your UCL password or the
enrolment password, but invent one of your own (Turnitin will permanently associate
this with your account, so you will not have to change it every 6 months, unlike your
UCL password). In addition, you will be asked for a “Class ID” and a “Class
enrolment password” (see point 1 above).
6.
Once you have created an account you can just log in at
http://www.turnitinuk.com/en_gb/login and enrol for your other classes without going
through the new user process again. Simply click on ‘Enrol in a class’. Make sure you
have all the relevant “class IDs” at hand.
7.
Click on the course to which you wish to submit your work.
8.
Click on the correct assignment (e.g. Essay 1).
9.
Double-check that you are in the correct course and assignment and then click
‘Submit’
10.
Attach document as a “Single file upload”
11.
Enter your name (the examiner will not be able to see this)
6
12.
13.
14
Fill in the “Submission title” field with the right details: It is essential that the first
word in the title is your examination candidate number (e.g. YGBR8 In what
sense can culture be said to evolve?),
Click “Upload”. When the upload is finished, you will be able to see a text-only version
of your submission.
Click on “Submit”
If you have problems, please email the IoA Turnitin Advisers on [email protected],
explaining the nature of the problem and the exact course and assignment involved.
One of the Turnitin Advisers will normally respond within 24 hours, Monday-Friday during
term. Please be sure to email the Turnitin Advisers if technical problems prevent you from
uploading work in time to meet a submission deadline - even if you do not obtain an
immediate response from one of the Advisers they will be able to notify the relevant Course
Coordinator that you had attempted to submit the work before the deadline
Late submission
Late submission will be penalized in accordance with current UCL regulations, unless formal
permission for late submission has been granted. Please note that these regulations have
changed for the 2016-17 session.
The UCL penalties are as follows:
• The marks for coursework received up to two working days after the published date
and time will incur a 10 percentage point deduction in marks (but no lower than the
pass mark).
• The marks for coursework received more than two working days and up to five
working days after the published date and time will receive no more than the pass
mark (40% for UG modules, 50% for PGT modules).
• Work submitted more than five working days after the published date and time, but
before the second week of the third term will receive a mark of zero but will be
considered complete.
Granting of extensions
Please see the information on the last page of this handbook
Return of coursework
You should receive your marked coursework within one month of the submission deadline. If
you do not receive your work within this period, or a written explanation, notify the Academic
Administrator. When your marked essay is returned to you, return it to the Course Coordinator within two weeks. You must retain a copy of all coursework submitted.
Examination
This course has a two-hour unseen examination, which will be held during May or June; the
specific date and time will be announced when the schedule of examinations is set by the
College. In the examination, students will have to answer 2 out of 3 questions on passages
in hieroglyphs (as originally inscribed, or as transcribed from hieratic). They are asked to
transliterate, translate and comment upon three seen passages, and upon one out of two
unseen passages. Further details will be provided in class. A revision session to discuss the
examination will be held in the first week of the third term.
7
3 SCHEDULE AND SYLLABUS
Teaching schedule
Seminars including lectures will be held at 4:00-6:00 on Tuesday in term II in room 412.
Syllabus
The following is an outline for the course as a whole.
A. Old and Middle Egyptian
1
10.01.2016
Middle Egyptian review through a comparison with Old Egyptian
Old Egyptian ritual and narrative: Wenis; Rawer
Essential reading:
Allen, J. P. 2005. The ancient Egyptian pyramid texts. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical
Literature. EGYPTOLOGY V 30 ALL and ONLINE through Google Books
Selim Hassan, Excavations at Giza I. 1929-1930, (Cairo, 1932) ONLINE at
http://www.gizapyramids.org/static/html/authors_list.jsp#H the inscription of Rawer is
published at p.18
James Allen, Rē‘wer’s accident, in A. Leahy, J. Tait (eds.), Studies on ancient Egypt in
honour of H.S. Smith, London, 1999, 14-20 EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS A 6 LEA
2
17.01.2016
Old and Middle Kingdom “autobiography”: comparing Weni
Essential reading:
Richards, J. Text and Context in late Old Kingdom Egypt: The Archaeology and
Historiography of Weni the Elder. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 39
(2002), 75-102 ONLINE through JSTOR
B. Distant shores: the Red Sea and voyages to Punt
3
24.01.2016
Reading the Middle Kingdom inscriptions from the Red Sea
This session brings together the archaeological evidence, including written and visual
sources, on the location and role of Punt in relation to Old and Middle Kingdom Egypt.
Essential reading:
Fattovich, R. 2012. Egypt’s trade with Punt: New discoveries on the Red Sea coast. British
Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan 18: 1-59. ONLINE AT
http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/publications/online_journals/bmsaes/issue_18/fattovich.aspx
Harvey, S. P. 2003. Interpreting Punt: geographic, cultural and artistic landscapes. In
O'Connor, D. and S. Quirke (eds), Mysterious lands, 81-91. London: UCL Press.
EGYPTOLOGY B 20 OCO
Meeks, D. 2003. Locating Punt. In O'Connor, D. and S. Quirke (eds), Mysterious lands, 5380. London: UCL Press. EGYPTOLOGY B 20 OCO
4
31.01.2016
Shipwrecked: a Middle Kingdom tale of disaster, rescue and return to Egypt
5
7.02.2016
Shipwrecked: further excerpts from the tale
---READING WEEK--8
C. Writing in a town: finds from Lahun
6
21.02.2016
Inscriptions and manuscripts at Lahun
Lahun is the name of a modern town near the pyramid complex of Senusret II in the Fayum.
An ancient town-site 1km east of the pyramid was unearthed in 1889, and is an important
source for Egyptian settlement archaeology. The site plan and finds, including the bestpreserved papyri, were published within a decade, but the excavation reports lack details
and the find context of most papyri is unclear. The Petrie Museum houses the papyri from
the town-site, along with many of the other finds: we will read from the series of medical
diagnoses UC32057, the Hymns to Senusret UC32157 III, and the document for transferring
staff between brothers UC32167.
Essential reading:
Doyen, F. 2000. Quelques observations sur l'organisation spatiale du site urbain de Kahoun
(Moyenne Egypte), in Civilisations 47.1/2, 65-83 (contrast her plan with Kemp 2006) JSTOR
Kemp, B. J. 2006. Ancient Egypt; Anatomy of a Civilization. 2nd Edition, London and New
York: Routledge (193-244 on Kahun and settlement planning). ISSUE DESK IOA KEM, and
EGYPTOLOGY B5 KEM; SENATE HOUSE HISTORY (SHL) South Block 7th Floor (63)
LME Kem; SOAS FRE/716757 and FRE /588667.
Quirke, S. 2005. Lahun: A town in Egypt 1800 BC, and the history of its landscape. London:
Golden House Publications. INST ARCH EGYPTOLOGY E 100 QUI
7
28.02.2016
New contents on Middle Kingdom papyri: law and healing
8
7.03.2016
Poetry, people and kingship: hymns to king Senusret III
D. The archaeology of literature: the Middle Kingdom “Ramesseum Papyri”
9
14.03.2016
A boxful of Middle Kingdom papyri, found under a New Kingdom temple
In the shaft of a tomb at Thebes, excavators found among other objects a box of papyri,
bearing literary compositions, rituals and hymns, and papyri for good health. We will discuss
the contents and the context of this and other finds of literary papyri in Ancient Egypt.
Essential reading:
Parkinson, R. B. 1991. The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant. Oxford: Griffith Insitute.
EGYPTOLOGY V 40 PAR
Parkinson, R. B. 2012. The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant: A Reader’s Commentary
Hamburg: Widmaier Verlag. EGYPTOLOGY V 50 PAR
Quirke, S. 2004. Egyptian Literature 1800 BC: Questions and Readings. London: Golden
House Publications. EGYPTOLOGY V 50 QUI
http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/research_projects/all_current_projects/the_ramesseum_papyri.aspx
Barns, J. W. B. 1956. Five Ramesseum Papyri. Oxford, Printed for the Griffith Institute at the
University Press by Charles Batey. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS T 20 BAR
Gardiner, A. H. 1955. The Ramesseum Papyri. Oxford. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS T 20
RAM
10
21.03.2016
Leaving a Sahara home for a Nile market - the tale of Khuninpu
The papyri found under the Ramesseum include one of four known copies of the Lament of
Khuninpu, all from the Middle Kingdom. In the narrative at the start, the oasis-trader
Khuninpu is robbed on his way to market, and petitions a high official in a series of
increasingly desperate pleas against injustice.
9
4 ONLINE RESOURCES
The full UCL Institute of Archaeology coursework guidelines are given here:
http://www.ucl.ac.uk /archaeology /handbook/common/marking.htm
The full text of this handbook is available here (includes clickable links to Moodle and online
reading lists if applicable) http://www.ucl.ac.uk/silva/archaeology/course-info/.
Moodle
Please enrol for the Moodle Course supporting ARCL2046. The password is ARCL2046.
Other online resources
http://www.sefkhet.net/Oxford-Net-Res.html
Comprehensive
list
of
Online
Egyptological resources run by Griffith Institute, Oxford
http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/er/index.html Comprehensive list of Egyptological
online resources run by the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge
http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/ Digital Egypt for universities run by UCL
http://www.britishmuseum.org/ The British Museum
http://www.aigyptos.uni-muenchen.de/ Online bibliographic Database AIGYPTOS
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/Library/database/index.shtml for access to the Online
Egyptological Bibliography (OEB). Click on link, then choose “o” in the alphabetical
list and scroll down the list until you find the database.
http://www.jstor.org/ Online Journal Storage (free access through SFX with UCL user
ID)
http://www.ancientworldonline.blogspot.com/ Portal for open access electronic
resources
http://petriecat.museums.ucl.ac.uk/ Online catalogue of the Petrie Museum
http://www.uee.ucla.edu/ UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology
5 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Libraries and other resources
Books listed in the course schedule are in the library of the Institute of Archaeology. Please
contact the course-coordinator if you encounter difficulties in locating a book.
Attendance
A register will be taken at each class. If you are unable to attend a class, please notify the
lecturer by email. Departments are required to report each student’s attendance to UCL
Registry at frequent intervals throughout each term.
Information for intercollegiate and interdepartmental students
Students enrolled in Departments outside the Institute should obtain the Institute’s
coursework guidelines from Tina Paphitis (email [email protected]), which will also be
available on the IoA website.
10
Further bibliography including for essay questions
Writing, material culture, historical archaeology
Andrén, A. 1988. Between Artifacts and Texts: Historical Archaeology in Global Perspective,
translated by Alan Crozier. New York: Plenum Press. ISSUE DESK AND 6; AH AND
Hall, M. and S. W. Silliman (ed.) 2006. Historical Archaeology. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell
Publ. AH HALL
Johnson, M. 2010. Archaeological theory. An introduction. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
(esp. chapter on History and Archaeology) AH JOH, ISSUE DESK JOH 5
Kemp, B. J. 1984. In the shadow of texts: Archaeology in Egypt. Archaeological Review from
Cambridge 3.2: 19-28. INST ARCH PERS
Little, B. J. 1992. Text-Aided Archaeology, in: B. J. Little (ed.), Text-Aided Archaeology, 1-6.
London: CRC Press. DED 100 LIT; ISSUE DESK IOA LIT
Moreland, J. 2006. Archaeology and Texts: Subservience or Enlightenment. Annual Review
of Anthropology 35: 135-151. Online Resource SFX
Morris, I. 2000. Archaeology as Cultural History: Words and Things in Iron Age Greece.
Malden, Mass.: Blackwell. (Social archaeology) YATES A 20 MOR, ISSUE DESK
MOR
Ravn, M. B. (ed.) 1997. History and Archaeology. Cambridge: University of Cambridge =
Archaeological Review from Cambridge 14.1. INST ARCH PERS
Sauer, E. W. (ed.) 2004. Archaeology and Ancient History: Breaking Down the Boundaries.
London: Routledge. MAIN: ANCIENT HISTORY A 8 SAU, MAIN: ISSUE DESK
Smith, S. T. 2010. A Portion of Life Solidified: Understanding Ancient Egypt Through the
Integration of Archaeology and History. Journal of Egyptian History 3.1: 159-189.
Online Resource SFX
Trigger, Bruce G. 1985. Archaeology as Historical Science. Varanasi. (Monograph of the
Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, 14). AH TRI
Literacy and writing in practice
Allen, J. P. 2010. Language, scripts, and literacy. In Lloyd, Alan B. (ed.), A Companion to
Ancient Egypt, vol. 2, 641-662. Chichester; Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
EGYPTOLOGY A 5 LLO
Baines, J. 2008. Writing and its multiple disappearances. In Baines, J., and J. Bennet, S. D.
Houston (eds) 2008. The disappearance of writing systems: perspectives on literacy
and communication, 347-362. London: Equinox. INST ARCH GC BAI
Baines, J. 2007. Literacy and ancient Egyptian society. In Baines, J., Visual and Written
Culture in Ancient Egypt, 33-62. Oxford: Oxford University Press. EGYPTOLOGY B
20 BAI
Baines, J. and C. Eyre 2007. Four notes on literacy. In Baines, J., Visual and Written Culture
in Ancient Egypt, 63-94. Oxford: Oxford University Press. EGYPTOLOGY B 20 BAI.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Eyre, C. 2009. On the inefficiency of bureaucracy. In Piacentini, P., and C. Orsenigo (eds),
Egyptian Archives: Proceedings of the First Session of the International Congress
Egyptian Archives/Egyptological Archives, Milano, September 9-10, 2008, 15-30.
Milano: Cisalpino.
Eyre, C. 2013. The practice of literature: the relationship between content, form, audience,
and performance. In Enmarch, R. and V. M. Lepper (eds) (2013). Ancient Egyptian
Literature: Theory and Practice, 101-142. Oxford: Published for the British Academy
by Oxford University Press. EGYPTOLOGY V 10 ENM
Eyre, C. 2013. The use of documents in Pharaonic Egypt. Oxford studies in ancient
documents. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Currently being acquired by IoA library]
Janssen, J. J. 1991. Literacy and Letters at Deir el-Medîna. In Demarée, R. J. and A.
Egberts (eds), Village voices: proceedings of the symposium "Texts from Deir el11
Medîna and their interpretation", Leiden, May 31 - June 1, 1991, 81-94. Leiden:
Centre of Non-Western Studies, Leiden University. EGYPTOLOGY V 50 DEM
Janssen, J. J. 2005. Accountancy at Deir el-Medina: how accurate are the administrative
ostraca? Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur 33, 147-157. INST ARCH PERS
Lesko, L. H. 1994. Literature, literacy, and literati. In Lesko, L. H. (ed.), Pharaoh’s Workers:
the Villagers of Deir el Medina, 131-144, 185-188. Ithaca NY; London: Cornell
University Press. EGYPTOLOGY B 20 LES
Lomas, K. and R. Whitehouse, J. B. Wilkins (eds) 2007. Literacy and the state in the ancient
Mediterranean. London: Accordia Research Institute, University of London. INST
ARCH DAG 100
Manuelian, P. Der 1999. Semi-literacy in Egypt: some erasures from the Amarna Period. In
Teeter, E. and J. A. Larson (eds), Gold Praise: Studies on Ancient Egypt in Honor of
Edward T. Wente, 285-298. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
EGYPTOLOGY A 6 WEN
Tait, W. J. 2001. Exuberance and accessibility: notes on written Demotic and the Egyptian
scribal tradition. In Gagos, T. and R. S. Bagnall (eds), Essays and Texts in Honor of
J. David Thomas, 31-39. [Durham, NC]: American Society of Papyrologists. Main
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