TALLER REFUERZO
MARZO 09 DE 2012
GRADO DECIMO
MATEMATICAS
1. Factorizar o descomponer en dos factores
8m2-12mn
a.
4m(2m-3n)
c. -4m(2m2-3n)
b. -4m(2m-3n)
D. 4m(2m-3m)
2. Factorizar o descomponer en dos factores
2a2x+ 2ax2-3ax
a.
3ax
2ax(2x+2-3)
b.2ax(a+x-3)
c. ax(2a+2x-3)
d. 2(a2x+ax2) -
3. Factorizar o descomponer en dos factores
am-bm+an-bn
a.
(m+n)(a-b)
(m-n)
b. m (a-b)+ n (a-b)
c. (m-n)(a+b)
d. (a-b)
4. Resolver por suma o resta:
6x-5y=-9
4x+3y=13
a. x=1;y=3
CIENCIAS
b. x=2;y=4
c. x=y; y=1
d. x=0; y=3
1. (C.I. = 1) La atracción entre los átomos que forman una molécula en donde se
comparten los electrones se llama:
a.
b.
c.
d.
coordinado
covalente
iónico
Cohesión entre los átomos
2. (C.I. =1)La formación de un enlace iónico resulta cuando:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Los átomos intercambian protones
Se asocian enlaces
Se forman cationes
Se forman iones
3. (C.I.= 1)En la formación de compuestos, los elementos tienden a ganar o
perder electrones, esto se llama estado de oxidación, cuando un átomo pierde
electrones su estado de oxidación será:
a. Positivo
TALLER REFUERZO
MARZO 09 DE 2012
GRADO DECIMO
b. Negativo
c. Neutro
d. Sin carga
4. (C.A. = 3) Se encontró la representación de Lewis de varios elementos
químicos así:
A
X
Y
Z
a. ¿En qué grupos de la tabla periódica se encuentran dichos elementos?
b. ¿Qué significan los puntos alrededor de los símbolos de cada uno?
c. ¿Qué tipos de enlaces crees que pueda formar cada uno de ellos? Explica tu
respuesta.
5. (C.I. = 5) Realice las fórmulas de Lewis para los siguientes enlaces y a partir de
la electronegatividad de sus átomos establezca el tipo de enlace:
a. H2SO4
b. CO
c. H2O
d. Cl2
e. NaCl
Electronegatividades
valencia:
y
H= 2.2 y 1e
C=2.5 y 4e
S= 2.6 y 6e
Cl= 3.2 y 7e
O= 3.5 y 6e
Na= 0.9 y 1e
electrones
de
6. (C.P.= 2) Uno de los problemas más serios de la contaminación del aire es la
precipitación ácida. Se define como la disolución en la lluvia de óxidos que
originan una solución ácida ya que:
a. estos óxidos son de elementos metálicos que al reaccionar con el agua
ácidos
b. estos óxidos son de elementos no metálicos que al reaccionar con el agua
ácidos
c. estos óxidos son de elementos no metálicos que al reaccionar con el agua
hidróxidos
d. estos óxidos son de elementos metálicos que al reaccionar con el agua
hidróxidos
7.
a. CaO
forman
forman
forman
forman
(C.A.=5) Dadas las siguientes fórmulas establezca que tipo de función
inorgánica a la cual pertenece y nómbrelos con la nomenclatura tradicional ó
sistemática:
FUNCION
NOMBRE
_______________________
__________________________
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MARZO 09 DE 2012
GRADO DECIMO
b. HCl
_______________________
__________________________
c. NaOH
_______________________
__________________________
e. HClO
_______________________
__________________________
f. NaCl
_______________________
__________________________
8. (C.A. = 5) Escriba las fórmulas para los siguientes compuestos:
a. Óxido de calcio
_______________
b. Hidróxido cúprico
_______________
c. Acido clórico
_______________
d. Acido sulfhídrico
_______________
e. Sulfato de magnesio
_______________
9. (C.A. = 4) Complete las siguientes ecuaciones según corresponda:
a. LiOH + HI
→
_____________ + H2O
b. MgOH + HF
→
_____________ + H2O
c. NaOH + HClO
→
_____________ + H2O
d. KOH + H2SO4
→
_____________ + H2O
10.(C.P.= 3) Explica una de las leyes ponderales.
INGLES
The battle of Bannockburn.
Robert the Bruce is one of the great heroes of Scottish history.When Robert the Bruce
was king of Scotland, the English king Edward II wanted to rule the whole country.
However, Robert the Bruce helped the Scots to resist and to form a large army which
attacked Stirling castle. King Edward’s army came to help the soldiers in the castle,
and the two armies met at the small town of Bannockburn on June 24, 1314.
At that time the strongest part of the English army was bowmen. These bowmen, with
their long bows had won many victories for the English in France. The Scots did not
have many bowmen, as most of their army were armed with long spears. So when the
English archers attacked they could not defend themselves or fight back. Most of the
4,000 Scots who died at Bannockburn died in this part of the battle. However, Robert
the Bruce was ready for this, and he called for his cavalry, (his soldiers on horseback).
The horses were too quick for the bowmen, and the Scots knights chased them from
TALLER REFUERZO
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GRADO DECIMO
the battlefield.
The English knights now advanced. But Robert the Bruce had ordered the Scots to put
sharp sticks in front of their soldiers, and to dig holes in the ground for the English
cavalry to fall into. The first line of English knights was defeated, and the second line of
English knights came into the battle. They were discouraged by what happened to the
first line and they did not fight very well.
At this time many people in the area knew that a great battle was being fought, and
when they heard that the Scots army was winning, they came to watch the battle. The
English soldiers saw them appear on the top of a nearby hill, and they thought that they
were another Scottish army arriving. The English were terrified that they would be
caught between two Scots armies and they ran away. Now the Scots cavalry returned
to the battle and the horsemen killed many English soldiers as they ran away.
After this defeat, the English army tried many more times to conquer Scotland, but they
never really succeeded. Each time they were defeated by the high Scottish mountains,
the bravery of the Scots soldiers, and because they had also to fight wars in other
countries, such as France and Holland. Finally in 1707 Scotland joined with England as
an equal partner to form the United Kingdom.
6. The battle of Bannockburn was in the 14th Century.
7. At the time of the battle the English were in Stirling Castle.
8. Many Scots at Bannockburn were killed by arrows.
9. The Scots horsemen killed most of the English bowmen.
10. The English horsemen chased the Scots horsemen away.
11. It was very difficult for the English to attack the Scots army
12. The Scottish army had time to prepare for the English attack.
13. The English were frightened when another Scottish army appeared
14. The English soldiers ran to a nearby hill.
15. At the time of the battle England was also fighting with the French.
READ THE TEXT CAREFULLY AND THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
The western alphabet
The western alphabet, which is used in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Australia and
New Zealand as well as in other countries, originated in the middle east. The people
who gave the world this alphabet were the Phoneacians, a people who established
colonies all over the Mediterranean, including Carthage in Africa and Gades in Spain.
In their alphabet, the letters were represented by little pictures which represented
sounds.The Phoneacian A was aelph, which means "bull". and it was made from a little
picture of a bull's head. The letter B was beth which meant "house", and showed the
round-roofed buildings which you can still see today in Syria.
The Phoneacians had contact with another nation of sailors, the Greeks, with whom
they fought and traded. The Greeks also started to use the Phoneacian alphabet. They
changed the names so aelph and beth became alpha and beta. The shapes of the
letters are the same but they have been turned sideways. If you know any Greek, you
can try turning the letters around again, and see how they look. You will see that the
curve on the right of the Greek A becomes the horns of a little bull.
Of course, the first two letters of the alphabet give it its name. Over the years there
have been changes. Latin developed an alphabet with some different letters to the
Greeks, and other letters have been added since. But really westerners are using the
same system of writing which has served them so well for thousands of years.
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GRADO DECIMO
16. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To tell something of Phoneacian history.
B. To tell the story of why we write as we do.
C. To compare the western alphabet with other alphabets.
D. To describe the history of the Greek alphabet.
17. Which change did the Greeks make to the Phoneacian alphabet?
A. They changed the pictures to sounds.
B. They turned the letters in a different direction.
C. They altered the shape of the letters.
D. They put a curve on the letter A.
18. Where did the Phoneacians come from originally?
A. Carthage.
B. Gades.
C. The middle east.
D. All over the Mediterranean.
19. Which picture, according to the text, represents beth.