WLHS / AP BIO / Monson
Name
PLANT UNIT STUDY GUIDE: Chapters 35, 36, 38, 39
Chapter 35: Plant Form and Function; Plant Growth
1) List / describe 5 differences between monocots and dicots.
2) What is meant by “meristematic tissue”? Where on a plant would you expect to find “meristematic tissue”?
3) What are the three tissue systems of plants? What is the general function of each tissue system?
4) Define the following terms: (& be able to label them on a diagram!)
a) stele
b) endodermis
c) cortex
d) mesophyll
e) xylem
f) phloem
5) List the layers (from the inside  out!) found in a tree trunk that belongs to a tree that is many years old (i.e. it
therefore has a significant amount of secondary growth).
**plus: review all diagrams (root, stem, leaf organization)
Chapter 36: Transport in Plants
6) a) A flaccid plant cell has a water potential of –0.6 MPa. Fill in the water potential equation for this cell.
p =
+ s =
 total =
b) The cell is then placed in a beaker of distilled water ( = 0). What happens to the water potential of this
cell? Fill in the equation for the cell after it is bathed in pure water (in other words, after it has reached
equilibrium with its environment).
Explain what happens in the space below:
p =
+ s =
 total =
c) What would happen to the same cell if it is placed in a solution that has a water potential of –0.8 MPa
(instead of in distilled water)? Fill in the equation for the cell after it is moved to this hypertonic solution and
reaches equilibrium.
Explain what happens in the space below:
p =
+ s =
 total =
7) If a cell’s ΨP = 3 bars and its ΨS = -4.5 bars, what is the resulting Ψ?
8) The cell from the previous question is placed in a beaker of sugar water with Ψ S = -4.0 bars. In which direction
will the net flow of water be?
9) A plant cell with a Ψs of -7.5 bars keeps a constant volume when immersed in an open-beaker solution that has
a Ψs of -4 bars. What is the cell’s ΨP?
10) Distinguish between the symplastic route and the apoplastic route in the transport of materials.
11) What is meant by “sugar source” and “sugar sink”? Give an example of each.
12) Describe at least 4 triggers for the opening OR closing of stomata.
13) The loss of water by transpiration is generally considered a “negative” occurrence for a plant. What are two
“positives” or benefits of the transpirational loss of water?
14) Summarize the mechanisms (including the direction) utilized by plants for transporting: XYLEM SAP and
PHLOEM SAP. Include in your explanation HOW sugar is “loaded” into phloem vessels.
15) What are XEROPHYTES? In what kinds of environments are they found? Describe 4 adaptations found in
xerophytes. (see p. 778)
Chapters 38 and 39: Plant Reproduction and Development; Plant Life Cycle
16) Distinguish between a fruit and a vegetable. Give an example of each.
17) Describe three different cues to break the dormancy of a seed and cause it to germinate.
18) Which part of a flower becomes a seed? What are the parts of a mature seed? Which part becomes a fruit?
19) Where is pollen formed? Where does pollination occur? Where does fertilization occur?
20) What is the name of the triploid tissue found in the embryo sac after fertilization? How does it form (from which
cells)? What is its function?
21) Compare gravitropism with phototropism. Provide an example of each.
22) What is LEAF ABSCISSION? What is the survival benefit for plants that do this in autumn?
**review and be able to label a typical flower!