1
NAMIBIA SENIOR SECONDARY CERTIFICATE
GEOGRAPHY HIGHER LEVEL
8330/2
PAPER 2
2 hours 30 minutes
Marks: 100
2007
Additional Materials: Ruler
Protractor
1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this question paper.
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION TO CANDIDATES
•
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Write your answers and working on the separate answer book/paper provided.
Write your Centre Number, Candidate Number and Name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use highlighters or correction fluid.
• Answer four questions, choosing one from each section.
• Sketch map and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.
• At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
• The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
• All working must be clearly shown.
This document consists of 16 printed pages.
Republic of Namibia
© MoE/DNEA
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
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SECTION A: THE PHYSICAL WORLD
Answer ONE question from Section A.
1
(a) Study Figures 1A, 1B and 1C which shows plate boundaries and related features.
general movement of the plates
boundaries of the plates
newly formed basaltic rocks from the sea bed
Fig. 1A
Red
Sea
Gulf
of
Aden
Fig. 1B
(i)
(ii) Why do plates move?
[1]
(iii) Name the type of plate boundary at X on Fig. 1A.
[1]
(iv) Name the landforms that are commonly found along plate boundaries
such as X.
[3]
(v) Account for the formation of these landforms along boundary X.
(vi) Use information from Figures 1A , 1B and 1C to:
What is a tectonic plate?
[1]
[6]
explain the formation of the Rift Valley and describe how it influenced
drainage in East Africa.
[7]
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political frontiers
lava flows
Great Rift Valley
The Great Rift Valley of East Africa
Fig. 1C
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(b) Study Fig.2 below which shows a cross-section of a slope in a high mountainous
region.
(i)
Name the weathering process that plays a dominant role in the shaping
of the landscape below.
[1]
Fig. 2
(ii) Describe and explain how this process in (b)(i) changes the physical
appearance of the slope.
[5]
[25]
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5
2
(a) Fig. 3 below shows surface and ground water in the North of Namibia.
RAINFALL
Perched
Upper
Aquifer
Wells
Pits
Middle
Aquifer
SALT WATER
Fig. 3
(i)
Explain each of the following terms:
I
aquifer,
II
infiltration,
III percolation.
[3]
(ii) Use the information in Fig. 3 and from any other studies you have made
to explain how physical and human factors may cause changes to the
groundwater supply.
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[8]
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(b) Fig. 4 below shows summer air circulation (Map A) and winter air circulation
(Map B) over Southern Africa.
X
X
X
Y
X
Y
Y
Y
Y
Map A
Map B
Fig. 4
(i)
Identify the air pressure systems marked X and Y respectively.
(ii) Describe and explain the circulation of air in the air pressure system
marked X.
[4]
(iii) Use the information in both maps to account for the seasonal nature of
rainfall over Namibia.
[8]
[2]
[25]
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SECTION B: ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Answer ONE question from Section B.
3
Photograph A and Figure 5 refer to a farming system in a developing country.
Photograph A
A paddy field in India
(a) (i)
Identify the farming system shown in Photograph A.
(ii) List the physical and human inputs visible in the photograph.
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[1]
[3]
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(b) Study the flow diagram in Fig. 5 which shows how human inputs can lead
to increased food production.
INPUTS
New high
yield seeds
Increased
production
Food
surpluses
ECONOMIC AND
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Fig. 5
(i) Identify three other human inputs that would lead to increased food
production.
[3]
(ii) With reference to any named examples you have studied, explain how two
of the human inputs have increased agriculture production.
[6]
(iii) Explain how an increase in food production can lead to economic and
social development in a developing country.
[6]
(iv) Explain how attempts to increase food production can have a negative impact
on the environment.
[6]
[25]
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4
(a) The graphs in Fig. 6 below show the sources of energy supply worldwide and annual
energy consumption by region.
Sources of energy supply worldwide
Oil
24.9%
23.6%
Coal
16.3%
Natural gas
Renewables,
waste
Hydroelectric
35%
45%
20.7%
11%
11%
1.8%
2.4%
Nuclear 0.9% 6.8%
Other 0.1% (Includes geothermal solar and wind)
1973
1999
0.5%
Annual energy consumption by region
in 2000, in quadrillions of BTUs
North America
Central, South America
Western Europe
Eastern Europe,
fromer Soviet Union
U.S. portion
Middle East
Africa
Asia and Oceania
0
20
40 60 80 100
Fig. 6
(i)
Name two examples of fossil fuels.
(ii) Which energy source showed the
I greatest increase in supply,
II greatest decrease in supply.
(iii) What is the percentage of increase for natural gas from 1973 to 1999?
(iv) Give reasons why North America and Western Europe consumed
most of the world's energy.
[4]
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[1]
[1]
[1]
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(b) (i)
Identify the environmental problem associated with burning fossil
fuels as shown in Fig. 7.
[1]
Global annual average temperature and projections to 2100
17°
16°
15°
Range of
temperature projections
Actual temperatures
(13.77°C)
(57.97°F)
(14.43°C)
14°
13°
66°
approx. (18.5°C)
64°
62°
approx.
(16°C)
Fahrenheit
18°
Celsius
19°
60°
58°
56°
1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100
Fig. 7
(ii) With reference to Fig. 7 and other studies you have made, discuss the
environmental consequences of using fossil fuels as a major energy
source.
[9]
(c) What benefits and problems are associated with the development of
alternative renewable energy resources?
[8]
[25]
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11
SECTION C: THE POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT STUDIES
Answer ONE question from Section C.
5
(a) Study the map in Fig. 8 on the following page showing world population distribution
and density.
(i)
(ii) Describe the general distribution of areas with high population densities
in the world.
[2]
(iii) Account for the difference in population density between areas A and
B on the map.
[6]
[2]
(b) Study the map Fig. 9 (opposite) which shows the world distribution of
GNP per person.
Distinguish between the terms population distribution and density.
(i)
(ii) Name one of the countries with the highest GNP in the southern hemisphere.
[1]
(iiii) State the significance of the North-South Divide.
(iv) Explain why GNP might not always be a good indicator for the standard
of living in a country.
[3]
What is the meaning of the term Gross National Product per person
per annum?
[1]
[2]
(c) Explain how GNP and any other two indicators of development may show
differences in the quality of life for people.
[8]
[25]
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World population distribution and density
B
A
Above
50 people per km2
10 to 50
people per km2
Fewer than
10 people per km2
Fig. 8
GNP (Gross National Product) per person
Fig. 9
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Fig. 10 shows changing world urbanisation patterns.
6
1990
2010
870 million)
(MEDC
3050 million)
1020 million)
1970
(MEDC
(LEDC
1950
700 million)
total urban population: 1350 million
1510 million)
total urban population: 4070 million
(MEDC
(LEDC
total urban population: 2380 million
total urban population:
650 million)
730 million
(MEDC 450 million)
(LEDC
2000
(LEDC 280 million)
1970
Fig. 10
MEDCs
LEDCs
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14
(a) Describe different patterns of urbanisation shown by Fig. 10 for MEDCs and
LEDCs since 1950 to 2010 as shown in the pie graphs.
[2]
(b) Describe how the distribution of the world's largest cities has changed from
1970 - 2000.
[4]
(c) Account for the change in the distribution of the world's largest cities.
(d) A:
B:
[9]
Describe and explain the problems that may arise from the rapid
growth of cities and
suggest possible solutions to any two of these problems.
[10]
[25]
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SECTION D: THE INTERPRETATION OF TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS
Answer ONE question from Section D.
7
Study the map extract of Mbalabala (Zimbabwe) and answer the following questions. The scale of the map is 1:50 000.
(a) Suggest two reasons for the location of the trigonometrical station (2435).
(b) State the bearing from grid North of the trigonometrical station at Mbalani
(2243) from the trigonometrical station at Gcabayi (2435).
[1]
(c) Calculate the average gradient of a section of the Umzingwani river
from the confluence with the Insema river in grid 1343 (height 1040 m) to
the end of the rapids in grid square 1842 (height 1020 m). The map
distance along the linear scale of this section is 10 cm.
[3]
(d) The following questions refer to the section of the map between eastings
09 and 18, and northings 32 and 38, as shown on Fig. 11.
(i)
Describe the relief and surface drainage of the area shaded in Fig. 11.
[2]
[6]
52
50
45
40
38
34
32
09
18
28
Fig. 11
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(ii) Fig. 12 is a cross-section along northing 34 shown in Fig. 11 from
easting 09 to easting 18.
I
Indicate and label the major transport routes on the map.
II
Name the man-made features at X and Y .
III Give the six-figure grid reference of the place where feature X
intersects northing 34.
[2]
[2]
1140
1120
1100
1080
X
Y
1060
1040
09
18
Fig. 12
(e) From map evidence, give reasons for the site and growth of the settlement Mbalabala.
[6]
(f) Using map evidence, comment on the type of primary economic activities
east of easting 21 and south of northing 38.
[3]
[25]
[Total: 100]
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