Name: ________________________________ Date: ___________ Period: _______ #:_____
Ch 1 & 4 Earth and Earth’s Atmosphere Study Guide
1.
List and describe the 5 Earth systems.
Hydrosphere – water
Geosphere – hard surfaces on Earth
Biosphere – all living things
Atmosphere – gases
Cryosphere – frozen water
2. Where does most interaction between the non-living Earth systems occur?
On Earth’s surface
3. What is the difference between lava and magma?
Magma is melted rock under the surface.
4. What are 2 things you would find in the geosphere? In the biosphere?
Geosphere – a cliff, rocks
5.
Biosphere – pine trees
How much of Earth’s freshwater is contained in the cryosphere?
79%
6. What is responsible for clouds and precipitation?
Water Vapor
7.
Where is the most of the mass of the atmosphere stored?
Troposphere
8. Where does the water cycle begin?
No where
9. What happens during condensation?
Water vapor changes to a liquid
10. Define the term transpiration.
Water vapor is released by plants through their leaves
11. List the three layers of the Earth from outside to inside.
Crust, mantle, and core
12. Where is water stored? (list 3 locations)
Underground, in the atmosphere, on Earth’s surface
Name: ________________________________ Date: ___________ Period: _______ #:_____
13. Where is groundwater stored?
In cracks and pores beneath Earth’s surface
14. Where does the rock cycle take place? (2 Earth systems)
Deep inside the geosphere and on Earth’s surface
15. Where is the ozone layer located?
Stratosphere
16. What is the source of all energy in our atmosphere?
Sun
17. What happens when Earth receives energy from the sun? (3 things)
1. Some is absorbed by the atmosphere
2. Some is absorbed by land and water on Earth’s surface
3. Some is reflected back into space
18. What percentage of nitrogen is found in Earth’s atmosphere?
78% Nitrogen / 21% Oxygen
19. How are the layers of the atmosphere distinguished?
Altitude, temperature, and composition
20. List the 5 layers of Earth’s atmosphere starting with the layer closest to Earth’s surface. Provide a short
description for each.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Troposphere – contains the weather and most of the mass
Stratosphere – contains the ozone layer
Mesosphere – temperature decreases
Thermosphere – contains the ionosphere
Exosphere – transitional region
21. Why is the ozone layer important?
The stratosphere absorbs much of the UV rays. If there were holes in the ozone layer we
would have larger amounts of people being diagnosed with skin cancer.
22. What would happen to Earth’s concentration of UV rays if the ozone layer disappeared?
There would be a higher concentration of UV rays
23. What is a result of too much exposure to ultraviolet light?
Tan or sunburn
24. What happens to air pressure and temperature as you go higher in the atmosphere?
Air pressure will decrease the higher you go up in the atmosphere
Name: ________________________________ Date: ___________ Period: _______ #:_____
Temperature will decrease the higher you go up in the troposphere
25. Define the 3 methods of energy transfer in the atmosphere.
1. Convection – transfer of heat by the flow of heated material.
2. Radiation – in the form of rays or waves
3. Conduction – molecules bump into one another
26. How is energy transferred?
When molecules collide during conduction
27. How does conduction differ from convection?
Convection is heat transferred from warm, low-pressure air to cooler, high-pressure air.
Conduction is when molecules bump into one another
*Be able to identify precipitation, evaporation, and condensation – reference water
cycle wheel.