Credit Recovery Activity One (Ten Points)
Passage 1
These are the voices which we hear in solitude, but they grow faint and inaudible
as we enter into the world. Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood
of every one of its members. Society is a joint-stock company, in which the members
agree, for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty
and culture of the eater. The virtue in most request is conformity. Self-reliance is its
aversion. It loves.not realities and creators, but names and customs.
' Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist. He who would gather immortal
palms must not be hindered by the name of goodness, but must explore if it be
goodness. Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind. Absolve you
to yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the world. I remember an answer
which when quite young I was prompted to make to a valued adviser who was wont
to importune me with the dear old doctrines of the church. On my saying, What have
I to do with the sacredness of traditions, if I live wholly from within? my friend
suggested,—"But these impulses may be from below, not from above." I replied,
"They do not seem to me to be such; but if I am the devil's child, I will live then from
the devil." No law can be sacred to me but that of my nature. Good and bad are but
names very readily transferable to that or this; the only right is what is after my
constitution; the only wrong what is against i t . . . .
from "Self-Reliance" by Ralph Waldo Emerson (1841)
Passage 2
The authority of government, even such as I am willing to submit to—for I will
cheerfully obey those who know and can do better than I, and in many things even
those who neither know nor can do so well-—-is still an impure one: to be strictly just,
it must have the sanction and consent of the governed. It can have no pure right over
my person and property but what I concede to it. The progress from an absolute to a
limited monarchy, from a limited monarchy to a democracy, is a progress toward a
true respect for the individual. Even the Chinese philosopher was wise enough to
regard the individual as the basis of the empire. Is a democracy, such as we know it,
the last improvement possible in government? Is it not possible to take a step further
towards recognizing and organizing the rights of man? There will never be a really
free and enlightened State until the State comes to recognize the individual as a
higher and independent power, from which all its own power and authority are
derived, and treats him accordingly. I please myself with imagining a State at least
which can afford to be just to all men, and to treat the individual with respect as a
neighbor; which even would not think it inconsistent with its own repose if a few
were to live aloof from it, not meddling with it, nor embraced by it, who fulfilled all
the duties of neighbors and fellow-men. . . .
from "On fhe Duty of Civil Disobedience" by Henry David Thoreau (1849)
V
Both authors express disapproval for which of the following?
A. the failures of democracy
B. the doctrines of religion
C. the defects of character
D; the suppression of instinct
vln
passage 2, how does Thoreau see the current state of democracy under which he
lives?
n
A, as just and equitable
E
B. as an improvement
C
C, as oppressive and corrupt
K
D. as a perfect system
3. Both Emerson and Thoreau were important figures in the movement known.as
American transcendentalism, which was a reaction against eighteenth^-century
rationalism. How is this idea represented by the two authors?
A. They portray the world optimistically.
B. They emphasize feeling and intuition.
C. They question the idea of authority.
D. They encourage others to take action.
. In passage 1, what does Emerson find most objectionable about tradition?
A. It is associated too closely with religion.
B. It overlooks an individual's conscience.
C. It encourages unlawful behavior.
D. It does not reward honesty and goodness.
5. Which of the following is a theme common to both passages?
A. one's understanding of life
B. the perseverance to endure
C. the ambition to succeed
D. one's sense of individuality
Believe it or not, some of the most important political movements have been sparked by
people in their 20s or younger. Student activism is work that has been done by students to
encourage change—be it political, environmental, or social. Some young protestors and
advocates say adding the "student" label to their activist titles is another form of
oppression. Even so, it is clear that education centers around the world have seen students
united.
In Indonesia, students have been the first to stage protests demanding government
change at several points during history. In 1928, Sumpah Pemuda (the Youth Pledge)
protested colonization. During the 1960s, several student groups called for then-President
Sukarno to remove Communists from his government. They also called for his
resignation, and he eventually stepped down in 1967. Sukarno was replaced by Army
General Suharto, and in 1998, students led demonstrations that voiced discontent with
him and eventually lead to his downfall.
Students in the United Kingdom have been involved in politics since the 1880s when
student representative councils were formed. Union organizations were formed to
represent students' interests, and they eventually became a part of the National Union of
Students that was formed in 1921. The Vietnam War and racism prompted student
activism at British universities during the 1960s. In 1965, students protested the Vietnam
War outside of the American Embassy in Edinburgh. In 1966, the Vietnam Solidarity
Campaign and the Radical Student Alliance were both formed, and the London School of
Economics saw the first student sit-in. As a result, more than 100,000 students rallied
around the nation.
As far back.as the 1930s, the American Youth Congress was involved in protests
against racial discrimination and lobbyied Congress for support of youth programs. First
Lady Eleanor Roosevelt is said to have been a major supporter of the AYC. In the 1960s,
the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and Students for a Democratic Society
and other organizations were outlets for political activism. The largest American student
strike took place in 1970 as students rallied in response to the shootings at Kent State
University and America's invasion of Cambodia. Modern students have become active in
anti-war protests with organizations like the Campus Antiwar Network.
One thing's for sure, student activism is still alive and thriving all around the world.
Today's student movements vary greatly and include students from elementary school to
graduate school. They encompass all races, socioeconomic backgrounds, and political
viewpoints. Prominent issues include student rights, school funding, drug policy reform,
anti-racism education, and campus workers' rights.
6. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
A. The Sumpah Pemuda inspired other student activists to get involved.
B. Indonesian students have protested at major points in history.
C. President Sukarno stepped down due to pressure from students.
C D. Indonesian President Suharto was intimidated by student protesters.
7. Which statement best states the main idea of paragraph 3?
EJ
A. The Vietnam Solidarity Campaign and the Radical Student Alliance were both
formed in 1966.
C
B, The National Union of Students was formed in 1921 to represent students'
interests,
C
C. 100,000 student^allied around the United Kingdom to protest the Vietnam
War.
' X.
D. Students in the United Kingdom have been politically active since the 1880s.
8. What is the main idea of paragraph 5?
C
A. Student rights and an^racism education are new issues that modern students
have to deal with.
O
B. Today's student movement has different concerns than those of the past and is
much less effective.
C. Student activism is still taking place across cultural and social boundaries all
around the world.
D. Students as young as elementary school age are getting involved in the student
activism movement.
9. What is the main idea of this passage?
O
A. Students in Indonesia have been responsible for two presidents stepping down.
C
B. Many activists feel being labeled as "students" is another form of oppression.
C
C. The United Kingdom has the longest record of student activist involvement,
$£± D. Student activists have made major impacts on countries around the world.
10. What is the main focus of paragraph 4?
C
A. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was a major outlet for
political involvement.
C
B. The largest American student strike took place in response to the Kent State
University shootings.
H> C. The history of America's student activism movement goes back to the 1930s.
C
D. U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt was a major supporter of student activism.
Credit Recovery Activity Two (Six Points)
Orienteering Is an outdoor cross-country sport in which, participants use a map
and compass to navigate as quickly as possible across a course. The origin of the sport
dates back to the late 19th century in Sweden, It was-originally developed as a
competition for military officers but was soon adapted for civilians. The first orienteering
competition open to the public was held in Norway in 1897. Almost 100 years later,
devotees of orienteering campaigned for the sport to be included in the Olympic Games.
These efforts have not yet been successful, but orienteering was included in the 2001
World Games and is slowly gaining world-wide recognition.
Although orienteering can take place on land, at sea, or hi the air, the necessary skills
are generally the same. Participants must possess navigational skills, concentration, and
physical fitness. A specially prepared orienteering map is given to each participant just
prior to the start of the race. The course is marked on the map in purple or red, and circles
are used to show control points, which are features that can be easily recognized along
the route. The use of a compass is permitted, but GPS and electronic navigation devices
are banned. There are no official rules in orienteering; however, safety guidelines have
been adopted to protect participants who may not be experienced with crossing hazardous
terrain.
Orienteering can take place during the day or at night. During the day, participants
simply look for visual landmarks, such as large boulders or trees, which are marked with
white and orange flags for easy identification. Night orienteering, on the other hand,
requires the use of headlamps and reflective markers in addition to a compass.
Participants sweep the light from their headlamps across an area to try to find the
reflective control flags. When a flag is located, they can mark their progress on the map
and continue to the next control point.
Everyone, regardless of his or her experience level, is welcome at an orienteering
event. Courses are color-coded to show their difficulty level. The easiest level is intended
to teach only the most basic map-reading skills, and young children, most often
accompanied by parents, are encouraged to participate at this level. Higher level courses
are more difficult, and participants are allowed to move up to more challenging courses
as soon as they feel ready. Orienteering is a fun, challenging, and unique outdoor sport
that anyone can enjoy.
1, Based on the information in the passage, all forms of orienteering are similar in that
they
A, require the use of a map.
EJ
B. take place after the sun has set.
EJ
C. are simple enough for children to enjoy.
C
D. involve GPS navigation.
r2. According to the passage, how is night orienteering different from day orienteering?
C
A. Night orienteering is conducted at the World Games burd^y orienteering is not.
C
B. Night orienteering involves the use of flags w$fe<lay orienteering doesn't.
C
C. Night orienteering is restricted to only the most experienced participants.
-^ D. Night orienteering requires the use of more equipment than day orienteering
does.
3. The passage states that orienteering safety guidelines were adopted due to which of the
following causes?
C
A. expensive lawsuits and government intervention
O
B. the development of more advanced levels of orienteering
C. hazardous terrain and inexperienced participants
D. the inclusion of orienteering into the 2001 World Games
4. The author organizes the first paragraph of this passage according to
EJy A. compare and contrast.
tt
B. chronological order.
EJ
C. classification.
C
D. cause and effect.
The batter was .overflowing out of the mixing bowl. Jennifer had added the same
amount of liquid-that -she had always added whenever she prepared the batter for noodles.
However, now, there was a massive frothy mixture that erupted and,would not stop
growing. Usually, Jennifer's noodles were.formed without error because they would
come out perfectly al dente. The noodles .always had the right amount of .resistance,
where it was neither too overdone nor too hard. Therefore, Jennifer was puzzled by this
turn of events.
5. According to the passage, the word al dente means
A. tough to swallow.
B. firm but not soft.
C. without error.
D. flawlessly made.
6. Which of-following words from the passage helps the reader understand the word
batter?
EC
A. overflowing out
C
B. same amount of liquid
C. would not stop growing
D. frothy mixture
Credit Recovery Activity Three (Six Points)
Alicia Keys: Singer, Actress, Philanthropist
by Raimee Cartwright
Background
Alicia Keys is a successful singer and actress. She has won numerous Grammy
Awards and has appeared in movies and TV shows. Alicia was born in 1981. She was
named Alicia Aguello Cook., and she later took "Keys" as her stage name. Her mom,
Theresa Aguello, a paralegal and part-time actress, raised Alicia in New York City.
Alicia attended a perfonning arts high school and graduated as the valedictorian at the
age of 16. She went to Columbia University for a few weeks, but the young woman quit
so that she could concentrate on her music full-time.
Singing Career
After Alicia left Columbia University, she focused on her deal with Columbia
Records. Keys recorded a song for the Men in Black soundtrack, but her contract with
Columbia ended over disagreements. Then, Alicia signed a deal with Arista Records.
Clive Davis, the president of Arista Records, was fired. When he started J. Records in
2000, Alicia went to work there. Songs in A Minor, Key's debut album, was released in
2001. Alicia has had four platinum-certified albums. Three of Keys3 four albums were
number one on the Billboard 200 charts. Throughout her career, Alicia has developed a
unique style of contemporary R&B mixed with neo-soul and pop.
Acting Career
Keys began her acting career as a child. She appeared in one episode of The Cosby
Show when she was four. In 2001, Alicia appeared in an episode of the TV series
Charmed. Then in 2003, the singer/actress played a small role in an episode of American
Dreams. She also did voice acting for The Proud Family cartoon and The Backyardigans
kids' show. Keys has also been on American Idol as a mentor. In addition to television
acting, Keys has appeared in several films. She was in Smofrin' Aces, The Nanny Diaries,
and The Secret Life of Bees.
Philanthropy
Alicia Keys is truly a philanthropist, someone who helps those in need. She is the cofounder of a charity organization called Keep A Child Alive. This nonprofit group
provides medical assistance to families with HIV and AIDS in Africa. Keys has also
supported .a charity called Frum Tha Ground Up which provides young people with
scholarships. Keys has also performed at many benefit concerts to raise funds for the
victims of natural disasters. In 2005, she performed at two different concerts to raise
money for people affected by Hurricane Katrina. In 2010, Keys performed in a telethon
to raise money for the people of Haiti that suffered from the earthquake.
1. Under which heading does the following sentence belong?
The debut album sold 50,000 copies on the first day it was available.
C
A. Philanthropy
C
B. Background
5§=» C. Singing Career
C
D. Acting Career
of the following sentence would best fit under the heading "Philanthropy"?
A. She has alsbsscorded many songs on albums that were sold to support various
charity organizations. /
B. She started taking claSsCc^al piano lessons when she was seven and started
writing her own songs when she was eleven.
C. Alicia has been interviewed by Oprah Winfrey and has performed on her show
on more than one occasion.
C
D. Alicia's second album, The-Qiary of Alicia Keys, was released in 2003 and sold
618,000 copies within the firsrweek.
3. Under which heading would a reader look to learn the names of movies that Alicia
Keys has appeared in?
C
A. Singing Career
B-.' Background
C. Acting Career
C
D. Philanthropy
Astronaut Mae Jemison: An Astronaut and More
Her name might not be a household word, but Mae Carol Jemison (October 17, 1956), the first African American woman in space, has already left quite a legacy. Dr. Jemison
is a surgeon and medical doctor who also has an engineering background. In 1987, she
was accepted into NASA's astronaut pro gram, and in 1992 she served as the Mission
Specialist on the space shuttle Endeavor.
Dr. Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama, the youngest of three children. Her family
soon moved to Chicago, and she spent most of her childhood there. She attended Stanford
University in the 1970s, graduating with degrees in Afro-American Studies and Chemical
Engineering. Just four years later, in 1981, she earned a medical degree from Cornell
Ufiiversity. In addition to medical degrees, Cornell also has degree programs in
biomedical research and education. In 1982, Jemison was selected by NASA for
astronaut training.
In addition to being a role model to countless others, Dr. Jemison founded the
Chicago-based International Science Camp in 1994. This program helps to foster
children's interest in science and space. She also founded the Jemison Group to research
and develop technology and the Jemison Institute for Advanced Technology in
Developing Countries at Dartmouth College. Mae Jemison has also worked as a doctor in
Western Africa.
4. Which phrase below supports the idea that young people look up to Dr. Jemison?
C
A. "might not be a household word"
C
B. "spent most of her childhood there"
C. "In addition to being a role model"
D- "earned a medical degree from Cornell"
5. Which sentence below least supports the main idea of this passage?
. Along with Dr. Jemison, many other accomplished Americans were raised in
Chicago, Illinois.
C
B. Dr. Jemison's science and engineering background made her a prime candidate
for the space program.
C
C, Mae Jemison's language background enabled her to communicate with
astronauts of other nationalities.
C
D, Jemison's showed an early talent for scientific inquiry, which caught the eye of
observant teachers.
ch sentence below would add relevant detail to the passage?
A, Impressivelyv(emison also speaks Japanese, Russian^ and.Swahili-ln addition to
her native'English.
,
K B. Those who get into the NASA space program endure rigorous training to weed
out any weak candidates.
C
C. The space missionJemison was part of was historic also because it included the
first Japanese astrormut.
O
D. The Endeavor was named after the HMS Endeavour, the ship Captain Cook
commanded on his firs£yb^age.
- -
Credit Recovery Activity Four (Eight Points)
1.
After we finished the Tri-County Half Marathon, Alecia and I treated
day of shopping and fun.
to a
Which of the following is the best word to complete this sentence?
C
A. myself
C
B. us
C. ourselves
D. we
2.
Tobias and myself attempted to visit Nana on her birthday, but she had already left
for Venice.
Which underlined part of the sentence, if any, contains an error?
~P> A. myself
C
B. her
EJ
C. no error
E3
D. she
0
3.
After dating for more than a year, Amy and Lev! decided to go their separate ways;
Levi bought her a gift to express him desire to remain friends.
'Which underlined part of the sentence, if any, contains an error?
C
A. her
^ B. him
C
C. their
LJ
D. no error
TT^
T-l
The librarian gave a stern warning to Jeremiah and myself to keep our voices low
while we browsed in the stacks.
Choose the most effective substitute for the underlined part of the sentence. If no
substitution is necessary3 choose "Leave as is."
A. to Jeremiah, and I
B. to Jeremiah
C
C. to Jeremiah
C
D. Leave as is.
William Banting
by J. Robbins
Although many assume the first low-carb diet was created by Dr. Robert Atkins in
1972, the truth is that high-fat, moderate protein, low-carb diets have been around for
centuries. In the nineteenth century, William Banting, an undertaker from London,
published a short pamphlet called A Letter on Corpulence to promote a restricted
carbohydrate diet that had taken him from dangerously overweight to fit and trim.
Banting felt he had been rescued after many years of ill health and discomfort, and he
was eager to promote this very unconventional diet as the key to good health.
William Banting had been overweight for most of his life despite exercising daily. He
was often bilious due to various aches and pains, and his ill temper and discomfort only
increased as he grew older. By the time he reached his 40s, he was unable to bend over to
tie his shoes or climb a flight of stairs, and he was losing both his sight and his hearing.
The doctors he visited commiserated with his discomfort and suggested that he bathe in
fresh spring water and take frequent naps. As one might expect, these so-called cures
were mainly inutile and left the patient more discouraged than ever.
Banting visited an ear surgeon named Dr. William Harvey in hopes of finding a cure
for his increasing deafness. Harvey studied Banting's numerous symptoms and was
finally able to elucidate the root cause of his ill health—his weight. He prescribed a new
diet for his patient that allowed generous portions of meat, cheese, eggs, fish, and
vegetables while restricting bread and sugar. Despite his initial reservations, Banting
stuck to the diet and lost 46 pounds in less than a year. His eyesight and hearing
improved., and he regained the ability to climb stairs.
hi his"ebullience over his newfound good health, Banting decided to publish^ Letter
on Corpulence to tout the benefits of Harvey's diet. The pamphlet was a brief, simplified
adumbration of the diet and was geared toward a popular audience. It sold numerous
copies, and much of Europe began to subscribe to a low-carb diet. Several renowned
doctors launched a virulent attack against Banting. They claimed he was lying about his
health problems and spread a false rumor that he had died at an early age from his diet.
Banting, however, continued to improve in health and recommended his low-carb diet
until his death at the age of 81,
William Banting's story is often mentioned in modern low-carb literature, and his
popular pamphlet is still in print today. Additionally, his name has worked its way into
our modern lexicon—-banting is a verb meaning "to diet." The medical community is still
researching the efficacy of restricted carbohydrate diets, but these diets continue to grow
in popularity thanks in part to success stories like William Banting's.
Vifcs*-"'-•*
on this passage, the word "corpulence-",most nearly means
A. medication.
C
B. aging.
(C/ C. obesity.
C
D. deafness.
6. In the context of the second paragraph, what does the word "inutile" suggest about the
cures?
C
A. They were.dangerous.
. They were ineffective.
C. They were expensive.
D. They were popular.
7. The word "efficacy," as used in the last paragraph, has which of the following
meanings?
C
A. pleasant to the serrse^of taste
||y B. capacity to produce results
C
C. having an extremely high cost
C
D. inability to show evidence
8. In the second paragraph, the author's description of William Banting as "bilious"
means that he was
A. youthful.
B. unable to speak.'
C. comatose.
D. irritable.
9. What is the main idea of this passage?
C
A. Students in Indonesia have been responsible for two presidents stepping down.
1C
B. Many activists feel being labeled as "students" is another form of oppression.
C
C. The United Kingdom has the longest record of student activist involvement.
EJ
D. Student activists have made major impacts on countries around the world.
10. What is the main focus of paragraph 4?
C
A. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was a major outlet for
political involvement.
C
B. The largest American student strike took place in response to the Kent State
University shootings.
C
C. The history of America's student activism movement goes back to the 1930s.
C
D. U.S. First'Lady Eleanor Roosevelt was a major supporter of student activism.
Credit Recovery Activity Two (Six Points)
Orienteering is an outdoor cross-country sport in which participants use a map
and compass to navigate as quickly as possible across a course. The origin of the sport
dates back to the late 19th century in Sweden. It was originally developed as a
competition for military officers but was soon adapted for civilians. The first orienteering
competition open to the public was held hi Norway in 1897. Almost 100 years later,
devotees of orienteering campaigned for the sport to be included in the Olympic Games.
These efforts have not yet been successful., but orienteering was included in the 2001
World Games and is slowly gaining world-wide recognition.
Although orienteering can take place on land, at sea, or in the air, the necessary skills
are generally the same. Participants must possess navigational skills, concentration, and
physical fitness. A specially prepared orienteering map is given to each participant just
prior to the start of the race. The course is marked on the map in purple or red, and circles
are used to show control points, which are features that can be easily recognized along
the route. The use of a compass is permitted, but GPS and electronic navigation devices
are banned. There are no official rules in orienteering; however, safety guidelines have
been adopted to protect participants who may not be experienced with crossing hazardous
terrain.
Orienteering can take place during the day or at night. During the day, participants
simply look for visual landmarks, such as large boulders or trees, which are marked with
white and orange flags for easy identification. Night orienteering, on the other hand,
requires the use of headlamps and reflective markers in addition to a compass.
Participants sweep the light from their headlamps across an area to try to find the
reflective control flags. When a flag is located, they can mark their progress on the map
and continue to the next control point.
Everyone, regardless of his or her experience level, is welcome at an orienteering,
event. Courses are color-coded to show their difficulty level. The easiest level is intended
to teach only the most basic map-reading skills, and young children, most often
accompanied by parents, are encouraged to participate at this level. Higher level courses
are more difficult, and participants are allowed to move up to more challenging courses
as soon as they feel ready. Orienteering is a fun, challenging, and unique outdoor sport
that anyone can enjoy.
1. Based on the information in the passage, all forms of orienteering are similar in that
they
require the use of a map.
C
B. take place after the sun has set.
C
C. are simple enough for children to enjoy.
C
D. involve GPS navigation.
2. According to the passage, how is night orienteering different fcom day orienteering?
A. Night orienteering is conducted at the World Games but day orienteering is not.
B. Night orienteering involves the use of flags while day orienteering doesn't.
C. Night orienteering is restricted to only the most experienced participants.
ight orienteering requires the use of more equipment than day orienteering
'does.
3. The passage states that orienteering safety guidelines were adopted due to which of the
following causes?
EJ
A. expensive lawsuits and government intervention
O
B. the development of more advanced levels of orienteering
EH CC.Jhazardous terrain and inexperienced participants
EL]
D. the inclusion of orienteering into the 2001 World Games
4. The author organizes the first paragraph of this passage according to
compare and contrast.
^/chrono logical order.
C. classification.
D. cause and effect.
The batter was overflowing out of the mixing bowl. Jennifer had added the same
amount of liquid-that she had always added whenever she prepared the batter for noodles.
However, now, there was a massive frothy mixture that erupted and would not stop
growing. Usually, Jennifer's noodles were formed without error because .they would
come out perfectly al dente. The noodles Always had the right amount of resistance, •
where it was neither too overdone nor too hard. Therefore, Jennifer was puzzled by this
turn of events.
•'
5. According to the passage, the word al dente means
A. tough to swallow.
B.: fiim but not soft.
"G; ' without error.
S---N
(. rD, flawlessly made.
6. Which of following words from the passage helps the reader understand the word
batter?
A. overflowing out
B. same amount of liquid
C. would not stop growing
D.
^frothy mixture
(D
Credit Recovery Activity Four (Eight Points)
After we finished the Tri-Counry Half Marathon, Alecia and I treated
day of shopping and fun.
to a
Which of the following is the best word to complete this sentence?
C
A. myself
C
B. us
E§ \^C-^ours elves
C
2.
D. we
Tobias and myself attempted to visit Nana on her birthday, but she had already left
for Venice.
Which underlined part of the sentence, if any, contains an error?
AJJmyself
B. her
C. no error
D. she
3.
After dating for more than a year, Amy and Levi decided to go their separate ways;
Levi bought her a gift to express him desire to remain friends.
'Which underlined part of the sentence, if any, contains an error?
C
A. her
fB.Thij
^-X
E
C. their
d
D. no error
The librarian gave a stern warning to Jeremiah and myself to keep our voices low
while we browsed in the stacks.
Choose the most effective substitute for the underlined part of the sentence. If no
substitution is necessary, choose "Leave as is."
Jeremiah and I
B. to Jeremiah and me
C. to Jeremiah and my
D. Leave as is.
William Banting
by J. Robbins
Although many assume the first low-carb diet was created by Dr. Robert Atkins in
1972, the truth is that high-fat, moderate protein, low-carb diets have been around for
centuries. In the nineteenth century, William Banting, an undertaker from London,
published a short pamphlet called^ Letter on Corpulence to promote a restricted
carbohydrate diet that had taken him from dangerously overweight to fit and trim.
Banting felt he had been rescued after many years of ill health and discomfort, and he
was eager to promote this very unconventional diet as the key to good health.
William Banting had been overweight for most of his life' despite exercising daily. He
was often bilious due to various aches and pains., and his ill temper and discomfort only
increased as he grew older. By the time he reached his 40s, he was unable to bend over to
tie his shoes or climb a flight of stairs, and he was losing both his sight and his hearing.
The doctors he visited commiserated with his discomfort and suggested that he bathe in
fresh spring water and take frequent naps. As one might expect, these so-called cures
were mainly inutile and left the patient more discouraged than ever.
Banting visited an ear surgeon named Dr. William Harvey in hopes of finding a cure
for his increasing deafness. Harvey studied Banting's numerous symptoms and was
finally able to elucidate the root cause of his ill health—his weight. He prescribed a new
diet for his patient that allowed generous portions of meat, cheese, eggs, fish, and
vegetables while restricting bread and sugar. Despite his initial reservations, Banting
stuck to the diet and lost 46 pounds in less man a year. His eyesight and hearing
improved, and he regained the ability to climb stairs.
La his^ebullience over his newfound good health, Banting decided to publish^ Letter
on Corpulence to tout the benefits of Harvey's diet. The pamphlet was a brief, simplified
adumbration of the diet and was geared toward a popular audience. It sold numerous
copies, and much of Europe began to subscribe to a low-carb diet. Several renowned
doctors launched a virulent attack against Banting. They claimed he was lying about his
health problems and spread a false rumor that he had died at an early age from his diet.
Banting, however, continued to improve in health and recommended his low-carb diet
until his death at the age of 81.
William Banting's story is often mentioned in modern low-carb literature, and his
popular pamphlet is still in print today. Additionally, his name has worked its way into
our modern lexicon—banting is a verb meaning "to diet." The medical community is still
researching the efficacy of restricted carbohydrate diets, but these diets continue to grow
in popularity thanks in part to success stories like William Banting's.
\.
C
A. medication.
C
B. aging.
C
D. deafness.
6. In the context of the second paragraph, what does the word "inutile" suggest about the
cures?
C
A. They were dangerous.
® \§JThey were ineffective.
C C. They were expensive.
C
D. They were popular.
7. The word "efficacy," as used in the last paragraph, has which of the following
meanings?
C
A. pleasant to the sense of taste
"N
By capacity to produce results
C. having an extremely high cost
C D. inability to show evidence
8. In the second paragraph, the author's description of William Banting as "bilious"
means that he was
C
A. youthful.
C. comatose.
CO D. irritable.
Credit Recovery Activity Four (Eight Points)
i.
After we finished the Tri-County Half Marathon, Alecia and I treated
day of shopping and fun.
to a
Which of the following is the best word to complete this sentence?
C
A. myself
C
B. us
ourselves
D. we
2.
Tobias and myself attempted to visit Nana on her birthday, but she had already left
for Venice.
Which underlined part of the sentence, if any, contains an error?
myself
C
B. her
1C
C. no error
C
D. she
3.
After dating for more than a year, Amy and Levi decided to go their separate ways;
Levi bought her a gift to express him desire to remain friends.
'Which underlined part of the sentence, if any, contains an error?
1C
A. her
C (13) him
C
C. their
C
D. no error
The librarian gave a stern warning to Jeremiah and myself to keep our voices low
while we browsed in the stacks.
Choose the most effective substitute for the underlined part of the sentence. If no
substitution is necessary, choose "Leave as is."
A. to Jeremiah and I
B. to Jeremiah and me
C. to Jeremiah and my
D>AJeave as is.
William Banting
by J. Robbins
Although many assume the first low-carb diet was created by Dr. Robert Atkins in
1972, the truth is that high-fat, moderate protein, low-carb diets have been around for
centuries. In the nineteenth century, William Banting, an undertaker from London,
published a short pamphlet called A Letter on Corpulence to promote a restricted
carbohydrate diet that had taken him from dangerously overweight to fit and trim.
Banting felt he had been rescued after many years of ill health and discomfort, and he
was eager to promote this very unconventional diet as the key to good health.
William Banting had been overweight for most of his life despite exercising daily. He
was often bilious due to various aches and pains, and his ill temper and .discomfort only
increased as he grew older. By the time he reached his 40s, he was unable to bend over to
tie his shoes or climb a flight of stairs, and he was losing both his sight and his hearing.
The doctors he visited commiserated with his discomfort and suggested that he bathe in
fresh spring water and take frequent naps. As one might expect, these so-called cures
were mainly inutile and left the patient more discouraged than ever.
Banting visited an ear surgeon named Dr. William Harvey in hopes of finding a cure
for his increasing deafness. Harvey studied Banting's numerous symptoms and was
finally able to elucidate the root cause of his ill health—his weight. He prescribed a new
diet for his patient that allowed generous portions of meat, cheese, eggs, fish, and
vegetables while restricting bread and sugar. Despite his initial reservations, Banting
stuck to the diet and lost 46 pounds in less than a year. His eyesight and hearing
improved, and he regained the ability to climb stairs.
In his"ebullience over his newfound good health, Banting decided to publish A Letter
on Corpulence to tout the benefits of Harvey's diet. The pamphlet was a brief, simplified
adumbration of the diet and was geared toward a popular audience. It sold numerous
copies, and much of Europe began to subscribe to a low-carb diet. Several renowned
doctors launched a virulent attack against Banting. They claimed he was lying about his
health problems and spread a false rumor that he had died at an early age from his diet.
Banting, however, continued to improve in health and recommended his low-carb diet
until his death at the age of 81,
William Banting's story is often mentioned in modem low-carb literature, and his
popular pamphlet is still in print today. Additionally, his name has worked its way into
our modern lexicon—banting is a verb meaning "to diet." The medical community is still
researching the efficacy of restricted carbohydrate diets, but these diets continue to grow
in popularity thanks in part to success stories like William Banting's.
"5.,Based on this passage, the word "corpulence" most nearly means
medication.
B. aging.
C. obesity.
C
D. deafness.
6. In the context of the second .paragraph, what does the word "inutile" suggest about the
cures?
C
A. They were dangerous.
C (j^t They were ineffective.
C
C. They were expensive.
C
D. They were popular.
7. The word "efficacy," as used in the last paragraph, has which of the following
meanings? .
EJ
A. pleasant to the sense of taste
EH r®, capacity to produce results
C
C. having an extremely high cost
EJ
D. inability to show evidence
8. In the second paragraph, the author's description of William Banting as "bilious"
means that he was
C
C
G
A. youthful.
B. unable to speak.
C. comatose.
C
©irritable.
Credit Recovery Activity One (Ten Points)
Passage 1
These are the voices which we hear in solitude, but they grow faint and inaudible
as we enter into the world. Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood
of every one of its members. Society is a joint-stock company, in which the members
agree, for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty
and culture of the eater. The virtue in most request is conformity. Self-reliance is its
aversion. It loves not realities and creators, but names and customs.
Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist. He who would gather immortal
palms must not be hindered by the name of goodness, but must explore if it be
goodness. Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind. Absolve you
to yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the world. I remember an answer
which when quite young I was prompted to make to a valued adviser who was wont
to importune me with the dear old doctrines of the church. On my saying, What have
I to do with the sacredness of traditions, if I live wholly from within? my friend
suggested,—"But these impulses may be from below, not from above." I replied,
"They do not seem to me to be such; but if I am the devil's child, I will live then from
the devil." No law can be sacred to me but that of my nature. Good and bad are but
names very readily transferable to that or this; the only right is what is after my
constitution; the only wrong what is against it. . .
from "Self-Reliance"by Ralph Waldo.Emerson (1841)
Passage 2
The authority of government, even such as I am willing to submit to—for I will
cheerfully obey those who know and can do better than I, and in many things even
those who neither know nor can do so well—is still an impure one: to be strictly just,
it must have the sanction and consent of the governed. It can have no pure right over
my person and property but what I concede to it. The progress from an absolute to a
limited monarchy, from a limited monarchy to a democracy, is a progress toward a
true respect for the individual. Even the Chinese philosopher was wise enough to
regard the individual as the basis of the empire. Is a democracy, such as we know it,
the last improvement possible in government? Is it not possible to take a step further
towards recognizing and organizing the rights of man? There will never be a really
free and enlightened State until the State comes to recognize the individual as a
higher and independent power, from which all its own power and authority are •
derived, and treats him accordingly. I please myself with imagining a State at least
which can afford to be just to all men, and to treat the individual with respect as a
neighbor; which even would not think it inconsistent with its own repose if a few
were to live aloof from it, not meddling with it, nor embraced by it, who fulfilled all
the duties of neighbors and fellow-men. . . .
frntn "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience" by Henry David Thore.au (1849)
\
Both authors express disapproval for which of the following?
Wj
B. the doctrines of religion
C
C. the defects of character
E? D. the suppression of instinct
2. In passage 2, how does Thoreau see the current state of democracy under which lit
lives?
Tt-°\
A. as just and equitable
B. as an improvement
C. as oppressive and corrupt
D. as a perfect system
3. Both Emerson and Thoreau were important figures in the movement known as
American transcendentalism, which was a reaction against eighteenth-century
rationalism. How is this idea represented by the two authors?
C
A. They portray the world optimistically.
IT-*!/'
E3
B, They emphasize feeling and intuition.
C
C. They question the idea of authority.
O
D. They encourage others to take action.
. In passage I, what does Emerson find most objectionable about tradition?
**•
A. It is associated too closely with religion.
B. It overlooks an individual's conscience.
C. It encourages unlawful behavior.
D. It does not reward honesty and goodness.
A. th
5. Which of the following is a theme common to both passages?
C
A. one's understanding of life
C
B. the perseverance to endure
O
C. the ambition to succeed
&
D. one's sense of individuality
Believe it or not, some of the most important political movements have been sparked by
people in their 20s or younger. Student activism is work that has been done by students to
encourage change—be it political environmental., or social. Some young protestors and
advocates say adding the "student" label to their activist titles is another form of
oppression. Even so, it is clear that education centers around the world have seen students
united.
In Indonesia, students have been the first to stage protests demanding government
change at several points during history. In 1928, Sumpah Pemuda (the Youth Pledge)
protested colonization. During the 1960s, several student groups called for then-President
Sukarno to remove Communists from his government. They also called for his
resignation, and he eventually stepped down in 1967. Sukarno was replaced by Army
General Suharto, and in 1998, students led demonstrations that voiced discontent with
him and eventually lead to his downfall.
Students in the United Kingdom have been involved in politics since the 1880s when
student representative councils were formed. Union organizations were formed to
represent students3 interests, and they eventually became a part of the National Union of
Students that was formed in 1921. The Vietnam War and racism prompted student
activism at British universities during the 1960s. In 1965, students protested the Vietnam
War outside of the American Embassy in Edinburgh. In 1966, the Vietnam Solidarity
Campaign and the Radical Student Alliance were both formed, and the London School of
Economics saw the first student sit-in. As a result, more than 100,000 students rallied
around the nation.
As far back.as the 1930s, the American Youth Congress was involved in protests
against racial discrimination and lobbyied Congress for support of youth programs. First
Lady Eleanor Roosevelt is said to have been a major supporter of the AYC. In the 1960s,
the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and Students for a Democratic Society
and other organizations were outlets for political activism. The largest American student
strike took place in 1970 as students rallied in response to the shootings at Kent State
University and America's invasion of Cambodia. Modern students have become active in
anti-war protests with organizations like the Campus Antiwar Network.
One thing's for sure, student activism is still alive and thriving all around the world.
Today's student movements vary greatly and include students from elementary school to
graduate school. They encompass all races, socioeconomic backgrounds, and political
viewpoints. Prominent issues include student rights, school funding, drug policy reform,
anti-racism education, and campus workers' rights.
6. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
C
A. The Sumpah Pemuda inspired other student activists to get involved
EJ
B. Indonesian students have protested at major points in history.
C
C. President Sukarno stepped down due to pressure from students.
C
D. Indonesian President Suharto was intimidated by student protester
\h
statement
best
C
A. The Vietnam Solidarity Campaign and the Radical Student Alliance were both
formed in 1966.
C
B. The National Union of Students was formed in 1921 to represent students'
interests.
& C. 100,000 students rallied around the United Kingdom to protest the Vietnam
War..
D. Students in the United Kingdom have been politically active since the 1880s.
8. What is the main idea of paragraph 5?
C
A. Student rights and anti-racism education are new issues that modern students
have to deal with.
B. Today's student movement has different concerns than those of the past and is
much less effective.
C. Student activism is still taking place.across cultural and social boundaries all
around the world.
D. Students as young as elementary school age are getting involved in the student
activism movement.
4
9. What is the main idea of this passage?
C
A. Students in Indonesia have been responsible for two presidents stepping down.
C
B. Many activists feel being labeled as "students" is another form of oppression.
C
C. The United Kingdom has the longest record of student activist involvement
& D. Student activists have made major impacts on countries around the world.
10. What is the main focus of paragraph 4?
A. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was a major outlet for
political involvement.
B. The largest American student strike took place in response to the Kent State
University shootings.
C. The history of America's student activism movement goes back to the 1930s.
C D. U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt was a major supporter of student activism.
Credit Recovery Activity Two (Six Points)
Orienteering is an outdoor cross-country sport in which participants use a map
and compass to navigate as quickly as possible across a course. The origin of the sport
dates back to the late 19th century in Sweden. It was originally developed as a
competition for military officers but was soon adapted for civilians. The first orienteering
competition open to the public was held in Norway in 1897. Almost 100 years later,
devotees of orienteering campaigned for the sport to be included in the Olympic Games.
These efforts have not yet been successful, but orienteering was included in the 2001
World Games and is slowly gaining world-wide recognition.
Although orienteering can take place on land, at sea, or in the air, the necessary skills
are generally the same. Participants must possess navigational skills, concentration, and
physical fitness. A specially prepared orienteering map is given to each participant just
prior to the start of the race. The course is marked on the map in purple or red, and circles
are used to show control points, which are features that can be easily recognized along
the route. The use of a compass is permitted, but GPS and electronic navigation devices
are banned. There are no official rules in orienteering; however, safety guidelines have
been adopted to protect participants who may not be experienced with crossing hazardous
terrain.
Orienteering can take place during the day or at night. During the day, participants
simply look for visual landmarks, such as large boulders or trees,, which are marked with
white and orange flags for easy identification. Night orienteering, on the other hand,
requires the use of headlamps and reflective markers in addition to a compass.
Participants sweep the light from their headlamps across an area to try to find the
reflective control flags. When a flag is located, they can mark their progress on the map
and continue to the next control point.
Everyone, regardless of his or her experience level, is welcome at an orienteering
event. Courses are color-coded to show their difficulty level. The easiest level is intended
to teach only the most basic map-reading skills, and young children, most often
accompanied by parents, are encouraged to participate at this level. Higher level courses
are more difficult, and participants are allowed to move up to more challenging courses
as soon as they feel ready. Orienteering is a fun, challenging, and unique outdoor sport
that anyone can enjoy.
1. Based on the information hi the passage, all forms of orienteering are similar in that
they
E£
A. require the use of a map.
C
B. take place after the sun has set.
1C
C. are simple enough for children to enjoy.
C
D. involve GPS navigation.
2. According to the passage, how is night orienteering .different from day orienteering?
C
A. Night orienteering is conducted at the World Games but day orienteering is not.
C
B. Night orienteering involves the use of flags while day orienteering doesn't.
C.. Night orienteering is restricted to only the most experienced participants.
D. Night orienteering requires the use of more equipment than day orienteering
does.
3. The passage states that orienteering safety guidelines were adopted due to which of the
following causes?
C
A. expensive lawsuits and government intervention
C
B. the development of more advanced levels of orienteering
&T C. hazardous terrain and inexperienced participants
C
D. the inclusion of orienteering into the 2001 World Games
4. The author organizes the first paragraph of this passage according to
O
A. compare and contrast.
. chronological order.
C. classification.
D. cause and effect.
The batter was overflowing out of the mixing bowl. Jennifer had added the same
amount of liquid that she had always added whenever she prepared the batter for noodles.
However, now, there was a massive frothy mixture that erupted and would not stop
growing. Usually, Jennifer's noodles were formed without error because they would
come out perfectly al dente. The noodles always had the right amount of resistance,
where it was neither too overdone nor too hard. Therefore, Jennifer was puzzled by this
turn of events.
N5.
C
According to the passage, the word al dente means
A. tough to swallow.
B. firm but not soft.
I]
C. without error.
3
D. flawlessly made.
6. Which of following words from the passage helps the reader understand the word
batter?
A, overflowing out
B, same amount of liquid
C, would not stop growing
D, frothy mixture
9. What is the main idea of this passage?
£]
A. Students in Indonesia have been responsible for two presidents stepping down.
C
B. Many activists feel being labeled as "students" is another form of oppression.
EH
C. The United Kingdom has the longest record of student activist involvement
C
D. Student activists have made major impacts on countries around the world.
10. What is the main focus of paragraph 4?
n
A. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was a major outlet for
political involvement.
n
B. The largest American student strike took place in response to the Kent State
University shootings.
C
C. The history of America's student activism movement goes back to the 1930s.
C
D. U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt was a major supporter of student activism.
Credit Recovery Activity Two (Six Points)
Orienteering is an outdoor cross-country sport in which participants use a map
and compass to navigate as quickly as possible across a course. The origin of the sport
dates back to the late 19th century in Sweden. It was originally developed as a
competition for military officers but was soon adapted for civilians. Trie first orienteering
competition open to the public was held in Norway in 1897. Almost 100 years later,
devotees of orienteering campaigned for the sport to be included in the Olympic Games.
These efforts have not yet been successful, but orienteering was included in the 2001
World Games and is slowly gaining world-wide recognition.
Although orienteering can take place on land, at sea, or in the air, the necessary skills
are generally the same. Participants must possess navigationalskills, concentration, and
physical fitness. A specially prepared orienteering mapis given to eacHparGcipaatjust
priurtorthe-start of the race. The course is marked onthe map in purple or red, and circles
are used to show control points, which are features that can be easily recognized along
the route. The use of a compass is permitted, but GPS and electronic navigation devices
are banned. There are no official rules in orienteering; however, safetyguiclelineTriave^
been adopted to protect participants who may not be
terrain.
"
~"
Orienteering can take place during the day or at night. During the day, participants
simply look for visual landmarks, such as large boulders or trees, which are marked with
white and orange flags for easy identification. Night orienteering, on the other hand,
requires the use of headlamps and reflective markers in addition to a compass.
Participants sweep the light from their headlamps across an area to try to find the
reflective control flags. When a flag is located, they can mark their progress on the map
and continue to the next control point.
Everyone, regardless of his or her experience level, is welcome at an orienteering
event. Courses are color-coded to show their difficulty level. The easiest level is intended
to teach only the most basic map-reading skills, and young children, most often
accompanied by parents, are encouraged to participate at this level. Higher level courses
are more difficult, and participants are allowed to move up to more challenging courses
as soon as they feel ready. Orienteering is a fun, challenging, and unique outdoor sport
that anyone can enjoy.
1. Based on the information in the passage, all forms of orienteering are similar in that
they
A. require the use of a map.
B. take place after the sun has set.
C. are simple enough for children to enjoy.
/
D. involve GPS navigation.
2. According to the passage, how is night orienteering different from day orienteering?
C/ A. Night
Nij orienteering is conducted at the World Games but day orienteering is not.
/tL
/ '
E
US
B. Night orienteering involves the use of flags while day orienteering doesn't.
C. Night orienteering is restricted to only "the most experienced participants.
D. Night orienteering requires the use of more equipment than day orienteering
does.
3. The passage states that orienteering safety guidelines were adopted due to which of the
following causes?
C
A. expensive lawsuits and government intervention
C
B. the development of more advanced levels of orienteering
M
C. hazardous terrain and inexperienced participants
C
D. the inclusion of orienteering into the 2001 World Games
4>The author organizes the first paragraph of this passage according to
.IS
A. compare and contrast.
\^) B, chronological order.
M
C. classification.
E/J
D. cause and effect.
The batter was overflowing out of the mixing bowl Jennifer had added the same
amount of liquid that she had'.always added whenever she prepared the-batter for noodles.
However, now, there was a massive frothy mixture that erupted and would not stop
growing. Usually, Jennifer3 s noodles were formed without error because they would
come out perfectly :al dente. The noodles always had the right amount of resistance,
where it was neither too overdone nor too hard. Therefore, Jennifer was puzzled by this
turn of events."
5. According to the passage, the word al dente means
A. tough to swallow.
B. firm but not soft-.
C. without error.
D. flawlessly made.
6. Which of following words from the passage helps the reader understand the word
batter?
C
A. overflowing out
C
B. same amount of liquid
C
C. would not stop growing
M
D. frothy mixture
Credit Recovery Activity Three (Six Points)
Alicia Keys: Singer, Actress, Philanthropist
by Raimee Cartwright
Background
Alicia Keys is a successful singer and actress. She has won numerous Grammy
Awards and has appeared in movies and TV shows. Alicia was born in 1981. She was
named Alicia Aguello Cook, and she later took "Keys" as her stage name. Her mom,
Theresa Aguello, a paralegal and part-time actress, raised Alicia in New York City.
Alicia attended a performing arts high school and graduated as the valedictorian at the
age of 16. She went to Columbia University for a few weeks, but the young woman quit
so that she could concentrate on her music full-time.
Singing Career
After Alicia left Columbia University, she focused on her deal with Columbia
Records. Keys recorded a song for the Men in Black soundtrack, but her contract with
Columbia ended over disagreements. Then, Alicia signed a deal with Arista Records.
Clive Davis, the president of Arista Records, was fired. When he started J. Records in
2000, Alicia went to work there. Songs in A Minor, Key's debut album, was released hi
2001. Alicia has had four platinum-certified albums. Three of Keys' four albums were
number one on the Billboard 200 charts. Throughout her career, Alicia has developed a
unique style of contemporary R&B mixed with neo-soul and pop.
Acting Career
Keys began her acting career as a child. She appeared in one episode of The Cosby
Show when she was four. In 2001, Alicia appeared in an episode of the TV series
Charmed. Then in 2003, the singer/actress played a small role in an episode of American
Dreams. She also did voice acting for The Proud Family cartoon and The Backyardigans
kids' show. Keys has also been on American Idol as a mentor. In addition to television
acting, Keys has appeared in several films. She was in Smokin' Aces, The Nanny Diaries,
and The Secret Life of Bees.
\y
Alicia Keys is truly a philanthropist, somegnejwho helps tbosejn need. She is the cofounder of a charity organization called Keep A Child Alive. This nonprciiit group
provides medical assistance to families with HIV and AIDS in Africa. Keys has also
supported a charity called Frum Tha Ground Up which provides young people with
scholarships. Keys has also performed at many benefit concerts to raise funds for the
victims of natural disasters. In 2005, she performed at two different concerts to raise
money for people affected by Hurricane Katrina. In 2010, Keys performed in a telethon
to raise money for the people of Haiti that suffered from the earthquake.
1. Under which heading does the following sentence belong?
The debut album sold 50,000 copies on the first day it was available.
C
A. Philanthropy
C
B. Background
EH
C. Singing Career
C
D. Acting Career
2. Which of the following sentence would best fit under the heading "Philanthropy"?
A. She has also recorded many songs on albums that were sold to support various
charity organizations.
B. She started taking classical piano lessons when she was seven and started
. writing her own songs when she was eleven.
C. Alicia has been interviewed by Oprah Winfrey and has performed on her show
on more than one occasion.
D. Alicia's second album, The Diary of Alicia Keys, was released in 2003 and sold
618,000 copies within the first week.
3. Under which heading would a reader look to learn the names of movies that Alicia
Keys has appeared in?
A. Singing Career
B. Background
C. Acting Career
D. Philanthropy
Astronaut Mae Jemison: An Astronaut and More
Her name might not be a household word, but Mae Carol Jemison (October 17, 1956), the first African American woman in space, has already left quite a legacy. Dr. Jemison
is a surgeon and medical doctor who also has an engineering background. In 1987, she
was accepted into NASA's astronaut program, and in 1992 she served as the Mission
Specialist on the space shuttle Endeavor.
Dr. Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama, the youngest of three children. Her family
soon moved to Chicago, and she spent most of her childhood there. She attended Stanford
University in the 1970s, graduating with degrees in Afro-American Studies and Chemical
Engineering. Just four years later, in 1981, she earned a medical degree from Cornell
University. In addition to medical degrees, Cornell also has degree programs in
biomedical research and education. In 1982, Jemison was selected by NASA for
astronaut training.
In addition to being a role model to countless others, Dr. Jemison founded the
Chicago-based International Science Camp in 1994. This program helps to foster
children's interest in science and space. She also founded the Jemison Group to research
and develop technology and the Jemison Institute for Advanced Technology in
Developing Countries at Dartmouth College. Mae Jemison has also worked as a doctor in
Western Africa.
4. Which phrase below supports the idea that young people look up to Dr. Jemison?
C
A. "might not be a household word"
C
B. "spent most of her childhood there"
M
C. "In addition to being a role model"
C
D. "earned a medical degree from Cornell"
5. Which sentence below least supports the main idea of this passage?
1 A. Along with Dr. Jemison, many other accomplished Americans were raised in
Chicago, Illinois.
•r
j B. Dr. Jemison's science and engineering background made her a prime candidate
for the space program.
j
C. Mae Jemison's language background enabled her to communicate with
astronauts of other nationalities.
2
D, Jemison's showed an early talent for scientific mquiry, which caught the eye of
observant teachers.
6\h sentence below would add relevant detail to the passage?
1
A. Impressively, Jemison also speaks Japanese, Russian, and Swahili in addition to
- hernatiye.English..
.
-•••.B. Those who get into the NASA space program endure rigorous training to weed
out any weak candidates.
C
C. The space mission Jemison was part of was historic also because it included the
first-Japanese; astronaut.
D. The Endeavor was named after the HMS Endeavour, the ship Captain Cook
commanded on'-his first voyage.
Credit Recovery Activity One (Ten Points)
Passage 1
These are the voices which we hear in solitude, but they grow faint and inaudible
as we enter into the world. Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood
of every one of its members. Society is a joint-stock company, in which the members
agree, for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty
and culture of the eater. The virtue in most request is conformity. Self-reliance is its
aversion. It loves not realities and creators, but names and customs.
Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist. He who would gather immortal
palms must not be hindered by the name of goodness, but must explore if it be
goodness. Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind. Absolve you
to yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the world. I remember an answer
which when quite young I was prompted to make to a valued adviser who was wont
to importune me with the dear-old doctrines of the church. On my saying, What have
I to do with the sacredness of traditions, if I live wholly from within? my friend
suggested,—"But these impulses may be from below, not from above." I replied,
"They do not seem to me to be such; but if I am the devil's child, I will live then from
the'devil." No law can be sacred to me but that of my nature. Good and bad are but
names very readily transferable to that or this; the only right is what is after my
constitution; the only wrong what is against it. ...
from "Self-Reliant" by Ralph Waldo Emerson (1841)
Passage 2
The authority of government, even such as I am willing to submit to—for I will
cheerfully obey those who know and can do better than I, and in many things even
those who neither know nor can do so well—is still an impure one: to be strictly just,
it must have the sanction and consent of the governed. It can have no pure right over
my person and property but what I concede to it. The progress from an absolute to a
limited monarchy, from a limited monarchy to a democracy, is a progress toward a
true respect for the individual. Even the Chinese philosopher was wise enough to
regard the individual as the basis of the empire. Is a democracy, such as we know it,
the last improvement possible in government? Is it not possible to take a step further
towards recognizing and organizing the rights of man? There will never be a really
free and enlightened State until the State comes to recognize the individual as a
higher and independent power, from which all its own power and authority are
derived, and treats him accordingly. I please myself with imagining a State at least
which can afford to be just to all men, and to treat the individual with respect as a
neighbor; which even would not think it inconsistent with its own repose if a few
were to live aloof from it, not meddling with it, nor embraced by it, who fulfilled all
the duties of neighbors and fellow-men. . . .
from "On the Only of Civil Dlsohediencu" hy Henry David Thareau (JS49)
1.
Both authors- express disapproval for which of the following?
C
A, the failures of democracy
C
B. the doctrines of religion
C
C. the defects'ofpharacter
//^\ QJ) the suppression of instinct
2, In passage 2, how does Thoreau see the current state of democracy under which he
lives?
A. as just and equitable
B) as an improvement
C. as oppressive and corrupt
D. as a perfect system
*3^Both Emerson and Thoreau were important figures in the movement known, as
American transcendentalism, which was a reaction against eighteenth-century
rationalism. How is this idea represented by the two authors?
They portray the world optimistically.
B. They emphasize feeling and intuition.
C. They question the idea of authority.
D. They encourage others to take action.
passage 1, what does Emerson find most objectionable about tradition?
EG
A. It is associated too closely with religion.
O B. It overlooks an individuals conscience.
C. It encourages unlawful behavior.
I/ It does not reward honesty and go.odness.
5. Which of the following is a theme common to both passages?
A one's understanding of life
B. the perseverance to endure
C. the ambition to succeed
D. one's sense of individuality
Believe it or not, some of the most important political movements have been sparked by
people in their 20s or younger. Student activism is work that has been done by students to
encourage change—be it political, environmental, or social. Some young protestors and
advocates say adding the "student" label to their activist titles is another form of
oppression. Even so, it is clear that education centers around the world have seen students
united.
In Indonesia, students have been the first to stage protests demanding government
change at several points during history. In 1928, Sumpah Pemuda (the Youth Pledge)
protested colonization. During the 1960s, several student groups called for then-President
Sukarno to remove Communists from his government. They also called for his
resignation, and he eventually stepped down in 1967. Sukarno was replaced by Army
General Suharto., and in 1998, students led demonstrations that voiced discontent with
him and eventually lead to his downfall.
Students hi the United Kingdom have been involved in politics since the 1880s when
student representative councils were formed. Union organizations were formed to
represent students3 interests, and they eventually became a part of the National Union of
Students that was formed in 1921. The Vietnam War and racism prompted student
activism at British universities during the 1960s. In 1965, students protested the Vietnam
War outside of the American Embassy in Edinburgh. In 1966, the Vietnam Solidarity
Campaign and the Radical Student Alliance were both formed, and the London School of
Economics saw the first student sit-in. As a result, more than 100,000 students rallied
around the nation.
As far back as the 1930s, the American Youth Congress was involved in protests
against racial discrimination and lobbyied Congress for support of youth programs. First
Lady Eleanor Roosevelt is said to have been a major supporter of the AYC. hi the 1960s,
the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and Students for a Democratic Society
and other organizations were outlets for political activism. The largest American student
strike took place in 1970 as students rallied in response to the shootings at Kent State
University and America's invasion of Cambodia. Modern students have become active in
anti-war protests with organizations like the Campus Antiwar Network.
One thing's for sure, student activism is still alive and thriving all around the world.
Today's student movements vary greatly and include students from elementary school to
graduate school. They encompass all races, socioeconomic backgrounds, and political
viewpoints. Prominent issues include student rights, school funding, drug policy reform,
anti-racism education, and campus workers' rights.
6. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
A. The Sumpah Peniuda inspired other student activists to get involved
^Indonesian students have protested at major points in history.
C
C. ""President Sukarno stepped down due to pressure from students.
C
D. Indonesian President Suharto was intimidated by student protester
7\Which statement best, states the main idea of paragraph 3?
C
A. The Vietnam Solidarity Campaign and the Radical Student Alliance were both
formed in 1966.
IS (BJ The National Union of Students was formed in 1921 to represent students'
interests.
C
C. 100,000 students rallied around the United Kingdom to protest the Vietnam
War.
D. Students in the United Kingdom have been politically active since the 1880s.
V8,.
What is the main idea of paragraph 5?
/7^\
(A) Student rights and anti-racism education are new issues that modern students
have to deal with.
C B. Today's student movement has different concerns than those of the past and is
much, less effective.
C. Student activism is still taking place across cultural and social boundaries all
around the world.
1C
D. Students as young as elementary school age are getting involved in the student
activism movement.
9. What is. the main idea of this passage?
C
A. Students in Indonesia have been responsible for two presidents stepping down.
n . B. Many activists feel being labeled as "students" is another form of oppression.
IL]
C. The United Kingdom has the longest record of student activist involvement.
' /r-V
Els \IJJ>Student activists have made major impacts on countries around the world.
\
1Q. What is the main focus of paragraph 4?
^) The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was a major outlet for
political involvement.
B. The largest American student strike took place in response to the Kent State
University shootings.
C. The history of America's student activism movement goes back to the 1930s.
D. U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt was a major supporter of student activism.
Credit Recovery Activity Two (Six Points)
Orienteering is an outdoor cross-country sport in which, participants use a map
and compass to navigate as quickly as possible across a course. The origin of the sport
dates back to the late 19th century in Sweden, It was originally developed as a
competition for military officers but was soon adapted for civilians. The first orienteering
competition open to the public was held in Norway in 1897. Almost 100 years later,
devotees of orienteering campaigned for the sport to be included in the Olympic Games.
These efforts have not yet been successful, but orienteering was included in the 2001
World Games and is slowly gaining world-wide recognition.
Although orienteering can take place on land, at sea, or in the air, the necessary skills
are generally the same. Participants must possess navigational skills, concentration, and
physical fitness. A specially prepared orienteering map is given to each participant just
prior to the start of the race. The course is marked on the map in purple or red, and circles
are used to show control points, which are features that can be easily recognized along
the route. The use of a compass is permitted, but GPS and electronic navigation devices
are banned. There are no official rules in orienteering; however, safety guidelines have
been adopted to protect participants who may not be experienced with crossing hazardous
terrain.
Orienteering can take place during the day or at night. During the day, participants
simply look for visual landmarks, such as large boulders or trees, which are marked with
white and orange flags for easy identification. Night orienteering, on the other hand,
requires the use of headlamps and reflective markers in addition to a compass.
Participants sweep the light from their headlamps across an area to try to find the
reflective control flags. When a flag is located, they can mark their progress on the map
and continue to the next control point.
Everyone, regardless of his or her experience level, is welcome at an orienteering
event. Courses are color-coded to show their difficulty level. The easiest level is intended
to teach only the most basic map-reading skills, and young children, most often
accompanied by parents, are encouraged to participate at this level. Higher level courses
are more difficult, and participants are allowed to move up to more challenging courses
as soon as they feel ready. Orienteering is a fun, challenging, and unique outdoor sport
that anyone can enjoy.
1. Based on the information in the passage, all forms of orienteering are similar in that
they
A) require the use of a map.
B. take place after the sun has set.
C. are simple enough for children to enjoy.
D. involve GPS navigation.
2. According to the passage, how is night orienteering different from day orienteering?
EJ
A. Night orienteering is conducted at the World Games but day orienteering is not.
d
B. Night orienteering involves the use of flags while day orienteering doesn't.
£S
C. Night orienteering is restricted to only the most experienced participants.
ffi* \D). Night orienteering requires the use of more equipment than day orienteering
does.
3. The passage states that orienteering safety guidelines were adopted due to which of the
following causes?
C
A. expensive lawsuits and government intervention
C
B. the development of more advanced levels of orienteering
IP (fO hazardous terrain and inexperienced participants
C
D. the inclusion of orienteering into the 2001 World Games
"4* The author organizes the first paragraph of this passage according to
compare
and contrast.
^
B. chronological order.
C
C. classification.
D. cause and effect.
The .batter was overflowing out. qf the mixing bowl. Jennifer had added the same
amount of liquid.that she .had always added whenever she prepared the batter for noodles.
However, now, there was a massive frothy mixture that erupted and would toot stop
growing. Usually, Jennifer's noodles were formed without error because they would
come.out perfectly.aLdente. The nopdles always had the right amount of resistance,
where it was neither, too overdone nor too hard. Therefore, Jennifer was puzzled by this
turn of events.
5, According to the passage, the word al dente means
O
A. tough to swallow.
C. B. firm, but not soft.
G
C. without error.
C
D. flawlessly made.
6. Which of following words from the passage helps the reader understand the word
batter?
C
A. overflowing out
C
B. same amount of liquid
C
C. would not stop growing
H
D. frothy mixture
Credit Recovery Activity One (Ten Points)
Passage 1
These are the voices which we hear in solitude, but they grow faint and inaudible
as we enter into the world. Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood
of every one of its members. Society is a joint-stock company, in which the members
agree, for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty
and culture of the eater. The virtue hi most request is conformity. Self-reliance is its
aversion. It loves not realities and creators, but names and customs.
' Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist. He who would gather immortal
palms must not be hindered by the name of goodness, but must explore if it be
goodness. Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind. Absolve you
to yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the world. I remember an answer
which when quite young I was prompted to make to a valued adviser who was wont
to importune me with the dear old doctrines of the church. On my saying, What have
I to do with the sacredness of traditions, if I live wholly from within? my friend
suggested,—"But these impulses may be from below, not from above." I replied,
"They do not seem to me to be such; but if I am the devil's child, I will live then from
the devil." No law can be sacred to me but that of my nature. Good and bad are but
names very readily transferable to that or this; the only right is what is after my
constitution; the only wrong what is against it. ...
from "Self-Reliance" by Ralph Waldo Emerson (1341)
Passage 2
The authority of government, even such as I am willing to submit to—for I will
cheerfully obey those who know and can do better than I, and in many things even
those who neither know nor can do so well-—-is still an impure one: to be strictly just,
it must have the sanction and consent of the governed. It can have no pure right over
my person and property but what I concede to it. The progress from an absolute to a
limited monarchy, from a limited monarchy to a democracy, is a progress toward a
true respect for the individual. Even the Chinese philosopher was wise enough to
regard the individual as the basis of the empire. Is a democracy, such as we know it,
the last improvement possible in government? Is it not possible to take a step further •
towards recognizing and organizing the rights of man? There will never be a really
free and enlightened State until the State comes to recognize the individual as a
higher and independent power, from which all its own power and authority are
derived, and treats him accordingly. I please myself with imagining a State at least
which can afford to be just to all men, and to treat the individual with respect as a
neighbor; which even would not think it inconsistent with its own repose if a few
were to live aloof from it, not meddling with it, nor embraced by it, who fulfilled all
the duties of neighbors and fellow-men. . . .
from "On the Duly of Civil Disobedience" hy Hemy David Thoreau (1849)
iN^ Both authors express disapproval for which of the following?
II
A. the failures of democracy
C ^B"T the doctrines of religion
C , C.' the defects of character
LjEK the suppression of instinct
2sJn passage 2, how does Thoreau see the current state of democracy under which he
lives?
Ml
A. as jiust and equitable
i
$? as an improvement
E
C. as oppressive and corrupt
^f
JD \s a perfect system
©
C
3v Both Emerson and Thoreau were important figures hi the movement known as
American transcendentalism, which was a reaction against eighteenth-century
rationalism. How is this idea represented by the two authors?
A. They portray the world optimistically.
B. They emphasize feeling and intuition.
@8" C. They question the idea of authority.
C
D. They encourage others to take action.
passage 1, what does Emerson find most objectionable about tradition?
A. It is associated too closely with religion.
B. It overlooks an individual's conscience.
C
C. It encourages unlawful behavior.
C
D. It does not reward honesty and goodness.
5. Which of the following is a theme common to both passages?
H
A. one's understanding of life
C
B. the perseverance to endure
C
C. the ambition to succeed
E§!
D. one's sense of individuality
Believe it or not; some of the most important political movements have been sparked by
people in their 20s or younger. Student activism is work that has been done by students to
encourage change—be it political, environmental, or social. Some young protestors and
advocates say adding the "student" label to their activist titles is another form of
oppression. Even so, it is clear that education centers around the world have seen students
united.
In Indonesia, students have been the first to stage protests demanding government
change at several points during history. In 1928, Sumpah Pemuda (the Youth Pledge)
protested colonization. During the 1960s, several student groups called for then-President
Sukarno to remove Communists from his government. They also called for his
resignation, and he eventually stepped down in 1967. Sukarno was replaced by Army
General Suharto, and in 1998, students led demonstrations that voiced discontent with
him and eventually lead to his downfall.
Students in the United Kingdom have been involved in politics since the 1880s when
student representative councils were formed. Union organizations were formed to
represent students' interests, and they eventually became a part of the National Union of
Students that was formed in 1921. The Vietnam War and racism prompted student
activism at British universities during the 1960s. In 1965, students protested the VietnamWar outside of the American Embassy in Edinburgh. In 1966, the Vietnam Solidarity
Campaign and the Radical Student Alliance were both formed, and the London School of
Economics saw the first student sit-in. As a result, more than 100,000 students rallied
around the nation.
As far back.as the 1930s, the American Youth Congress was involved in protests
against racial discrimination and lobbyied Congress for support of youth programs. First
Lady Eleanor Roosevelt is said to have been a major supporter of the AYC. In the 1960s,
the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and Students for a Democratic Society
and other organizations were outlets for political activism. The largest American student
strike took place in 1970 as students rallied in response to the shootings at Kent State
University and America's invasion of Cambodia. Modern students have become active in
anti-war protests with organizations like the Campus Antiwar Network.
One thing's for sure, student activism is still alive and thriving all around the world.
Today's student movements vary greatly and include students from elementary school to
graduate school. They encompass all races, socioeconomic backgrounds, and political
viewpoints. Prominent issues include student rights, school funding, drug policy reform,
anti-racism education, and campus workers' rights.
*6. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
A'T The Sumpah Pemuda inspired other student activists to get involved.
^
CJ B. Indonesian students have protested at major points hi history.
C. President Sukarno stepped down due to pressure from students.
D'. Indonesian President Suharto was intimidated by student protesters.
V
7*. Which statement best states the main idea of paragraph 3?
A. The Vietnam Solidarity Campaign and the Radical Student Alliance were both
formed in 1966.
B. The National Union of Students was formed in 1921 to represent students'
interests.
C. 100,000 students rallied around the United Kingdom to protest the Vietnam
War.
D. Students hi the United Kingdom have been politically active since the 1880s.
8. What is the main idea of paragraph 5?
C
A. Student rights and anti-racism education are new issues that modem students
have to deal with.
B. Today's student movement has different concerns than those of the past and is
much less effective.
C. Student activism is still taking place across cultural and social boundaries all
around the world.
D. Students as young as elementary school age are getting involved in the student
activism movement.
9. What is the main idea of this passage?
C
A. Students in Indonesia have been responsible for two presidents stepping down.
1C
B. Many activists feel being labeled as "students" is another form of oppression.
C
C. The United Kingdom has the longest record of student activist involvement.
§1 D. Student activists have made major impacts on countries around the world.
T™
™*
'
"
"™
""
:
:
:
10. What is the main focus of paragraph 4?
C
A. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was a major outlet for
political involvement.
C
B. The largest American student strike took place in response to the Kent State
University shootings.
EH
C, The history of America's student activism movement goes back to the 1930s,
d
D. U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt was a major supporter of student activism.
/o
Credit Recovery Activity Two (Six Points)
Orienteering is an outdoor cross-country sport in which participants use a map
and compass to navigate as quickly as possible across a course. The origin of the sport
dates back to the late 19th century in Sweden. It was originally developed as a
competition for military officers but was soon adapted for civilians. The first orienteering
competition open to the public was held hi Norway hi 1897. Almost 100 years later,
devotees of orienteering campaigned for the sport to be included in the Olympic Games.
These efforts have not yet been successful, but orienteering was included in the 2001
World Games and is slowly gaining world-wide recognition.
Although orienteering can take place on land, at sea, or in the air, the necessary skills
are generally the same. Participants must possess navigational skills, concentration, and
physical fitness. A specially prepared orienteering map is given to each participant just
prior to the start of the race. The course is marked on the map in purple or red, and circles
are used to show control points, which are features that can be easily recognized along
the route. The use of a compass is permitted, but GPS and electronic navigation devices
are banned. There are no official rules in orienteering; however, safety guidelines have
been adopted to protect participants who may not be experienced with crossing hazardous
terrain.
Orienteering can take place during the day or at night. During the day, participants
simply look for visual landmarks, such as large boulders or trees, which are marked with
white and orange flags for easy identification. Night orienteering, on the other hand,
requires the use of headlamps and reflective markers in addition to a compass.
Participants sweep the light from their headlamps across an area to try to find the
reflective control flags. When a flag is located, they can mark their progress on the map
and continue to the next control point.
Everyone, regardless of his or her experience level, is welcome at an orienteering
event. Courses are color-coded to show their difficulty level. The easiest level is intended
to teach only the most basic map-reading skills, and young children, most often
accompanied by parents, are encouraged to participate at this level. Higher level courses
are more difficult, and participants are allowed to move up to more challenging courses
as soon as they feel ready. Orienteering is a fun, challenging, and unique outdoor sport
that anyone can enjoy.
1. Based on the information in the passage, all forms of orienteering are similar hi that
they
'
"
A. require the use of a map.
B, take place after the sun has set.
C, are simple enough for children to enjoy.
D. involve GPS navigation.
2. According to the passage, how is night orienteering different from day orienteering?
C
.A. Night orienteering is conducted at the World .Games but day orienteering is not.
EJ
B. Night orienteering involves the use of flags while day orienteering doesn't.
H
C. Night orienteering is restricted to only the most experienced participants.
M
D. Night orienteering requires the use of more equipment than day orienteering
does.
3. The passage states that orienteering safety guidelines were adopted due to which of the
following causes?
A. expensive, lawsuits and government intervention
C
B. the development of more advanced levels of orienteering
C. hazardous terrain and inexperienced participants
D. the inclusion of orienteering into the 2001 World Games
author organizes the first paragraph of this passage according to
C
x
A, compare and contrast.
Q/ B. chronological order.
It
C. classification.
C
D. cause and effect.
The batter was overflowing out of the mixing bowl. Jennifer had added the same
amount of liquid that she had always added whenever she prepared the batter for noodles.
However, now, there was a massive frothy mixture that erupted and would not stop
growing. Usually, Jennifer's noodles were formed without error because they would
come out perfectly al dente. The noodles always had the right amount of resistance,
where it was neither too overdone nor too hard. Therefore, Jennifer was puzzled by this
turn of events.
\5. According to the passage, the word al dente means
D
A. tough to swallow.
B. firm but not soft.
C. without error.
D. flawlessly made.
6. Which of following words from the passage helps the reader understand the word
batter?
C
A. overflowing out
C
B. same amount of liquid
C
C. would not stop growing
ffi
D. frothy mixture