Sultan Qaboos University
College of Engineering
Renewable and Sustainable Energy research group (RASERG)
The Sultan Qaboos University Eco House
Development and Visions
Prof Awni K. Shaaban
5-10-2010
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Project Coordinator : Prof. Adel Gastli
Group-1 Coordinator: Prof. Awni Shaaban
Group-2 Coordinator: Dr. Mahmoud Tahat
Group-3 Coordinator: Dr. Mahad Baawain
Group-4 Coordinator: Dr. Abdullah Al-Badi
Group-5 Coordinator: Prof. Sabah Al-Suleiman
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
• To develop an innovative residential house that is functionally
working, technically feasible, energy efficient, climatically
appropriate, and socio- culturally acceptable.
• The use appropriate materials which can be produce locally and
perhaps to some extent by the users themselves, which meet
climatic, technical and aesthetics needs.
• To be less dependant on energy-intensive systems for cooling. It is
to incorporate the use of renewable energy sources for airconditioning in addition to small-scale power generation capability
via solar photovoltaic.
• Involves the use of water efficient sanitary appliances and will
incorporate grey water treatment unit and solid waste management
system
GROUP-1: PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
Prof. Awni Shaaban (Coordinator), Environmental design
Dr. Ali Al-Harthy, Structures and materials
Dr. Mahmoud Tahat, Thermal performance
Dr. Yousif Zuraigat
Dr. Maatouk Khaukhi, Natural ventilatuion
Dr. Hisham Eissa, natural and artificial lighting
Dr. Salim Ferwati, construction and materials
APPLIED RESEARCH PARAMETERS
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January 14, 2010
- Impact of climate on site and building
- Landscaping impact on site microclimate
- Optimization of Building Form
- Optimum window and shading devices configurations
- Total shading System
- The Building Envelop
- Double Shell Roof System
- Double Shell Wall System
- Local wind patterns and natural ventilation
- Wind Towers
- Passive cooling systems
- Optimization of daylight
- Building materials and construction systems
SQU Eco-House
Workshop
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SITE SELECTION
Criteria for site selection
1-Protective surrounding settlement
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Avoiding exposure to environmental extremes
Part of dense urban setting
Mutual shading of neighborhood
Availability of grass and trees and minimum hard surfaces
2-Accessibility
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Vehicular accessibility
Pedestrian accessibility
3- Shading by trees and neighboring buildings
4-Advertising location
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Proximity to university core
Proximity to main streets
Approach and visual lines
Circulation lines
5-Topographic features
6-Noise and Pollution
January 14, 2010
SQU Eco-House
Workshop
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LANDSCAPING
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Tree types and locations
Cylindrical type next to E, W walls.
Spherical types next to SE, SW walls.
Umbrella type trees on South orientation, and
courtyards.
• No trees for North orientation.
• Climbers plants for main roof ,garage roof ,and East
/West walls.
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January 14, 2010
SQU Eco-House
Workshop
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Ground Cover and Vegetation
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During the day the highest
temperatures are found just above
the ground.
At night the temperature is lower
closer to the ground.
So the closer to the ground, the
more extreme the conditions.
Plant and grass cover decrease
temperatures, but pavements and
asphalt increase surface
temperatures
Vegetation will influence solar
radiation gains, humidity levels,
wind speeds and directions.
COOLING AND SHADING BY TREES
• Grouping an positioning of trees have direct effect on
controlling wind movement and direction.
Trees
Trees can be used to filter
the air from dust and cool
and humidify the air
before it reaches the building.
HOUSE DESIGN CONSTRAINTS
The designs incorporated the following features:
• A double roof with a slope of the solar collectors 23.5 deg (Muscat
altitude) to be used for photovoltaic, hot water solar collectors, and
double roof shading.
• Store for hot- water storage.
• Store for electricity storage batteries.
• Room for instruments, recorders and computers for monitoring and
demonstrations to visitors.
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January 14, 2010
SQU Eco-House
Workshop
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Sustainable occupancy patterns
1-Type and qualifications
• Typical small size family.
• Live a typical daily family routine of 24 hrs and
continuous occupancy throught the year.
• Technical experience (technician or demonstrator).
2-Duties and performance
• Adopt the prescribed sustainable living standards.
• Interact and manipulate climatic restraints and
opportunities.
• Run and follow up the monitoring instruments.
• Follow up the performance of the passive building design
features.
DOUBLE SHELL ROOF SYSTEM
Performances and economy of double shell roof system can be assessed as
follows:
• Properties of the outer secondary roof being of light weight material, with
high
• reflectivity and emissivity on the external face, and low emissivity on the
inner face.
• Properties of the inner main roof being of heavy mass and well insulated at
the lower face (ceiling).
• Installment o of solar collectors and photovoltaic cells on the secondary
roof.
• The use of climber plants on suspension cables as secondary roof.
• Maximization of ventilation in the roof cavity.
OPTIMUM WINDOW AND SHADING DEVICES
CNFIGURATIONS
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Absolute minimum vertical windows with vertical shading devices on E, W
,SW, walls.
Minimum vertical windows with combined shading devices on SE, NE, NW
walls.
Medium horizontal windows with horizontal shading devices on S walls
Maximum vertical windows with vertical shading devices on N wall.
Shading device should be light weight material and well separated from
building mass in order not to store heat inside it and trap hot air in the space
around it.
Shading device should be light weight and of selective reflectivity on various
faces.
The use shading devices as natural light reflectors to the ceiling.
Minimum obstruction to natural ventilation by shading devices.
Shadow geometry
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Parallelograms (kdlj) and
(bcdke) are the shadows of
shading devices wireframes
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(di//jk) and (dc//ab
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Shadow patterns can be found
if only the shadow (d) of the tip
(a) of the edge (ak) is located.
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This edge (ak) may be assumed
to be a gnomon of wall sundial
Plotting shadow tracking charts
Coordinates of the shadow of the tip of a 25 mm gnomon were calculated and plotted as shadow
tracking charts.
For S,SE,E,NE,N orientations . Graphs for SW, W, and NW are mirror images by Modify command
of AutoCAD.
Soft copies of the Shadow Tracking Graphs can be supplied by the author to researchers on request.
ARTIFICIAL SKY MODEL TESTING
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Models of 25 mm wall gnomon and shading devices for S,SE,E,NE,N walls
were constructed and tested in the artificial sky. They correlated very well
with the tracking charts.
Daylight considerations
Dr. Hesham Eissa
Calculating Internal Illuminance disribution
• Illuminance contours and
gradients to be plotted after
having full information about
internal reflected component
Considering light shelves usage
• Light shelves and surfaces finishing to be considered to
admit daylight to deeper areas and avoiding glare in the
same time
Considering light shelves usage
• Many types to be studied to consider the most proper
design
Considering light shelves usage
• Many types to be studied to consider the most proper
design
NNATURAL VENTILATION
Dr. Mataouk khaukhi
Initial design
Improved design
Natural Ventilation
Result:
Inlet opening
Outlet opening
Air Change Rate = 4.0 /h
Air change rate expressed in SI-units:
n = 3600 q / V
(1)
Natural Ventilation
Dining &Living
Living inlet opening
3cm
2.5m
Living outlet opening
6cm
Dining inlet opening
3cm
2.5m
1.4m
For the bed rooms:
Height =2cm inlet
Height=4 cm outlet
For the kitchen:
inlet area=.o25 m2
inlet Height= 2cm
Group 2:
Tahat, M. (coordinator)
Al-Azri, N.
Al-Rawahi, N.
Al-Shabibi, A.
Zurigat, Y.
1- Roof section from inside to outside:
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1.5 cm plaster
15 cm R.C. slab
5cm screed
2 cm water proofing ( asphalt + felt)
5 cm thermal insulation ( polystyrene)
5cm gravel stone cover
R-values
0.035
0.146
0.069
0.869
1.445
0.308
U-Values
0.348
2- Wall section from inside to outside:
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1.5 cm plaster
10 concrete blocks
5 cm thermal insulation ( polystyrene)
20 concrete blocks
2 cm cement rendering
R-Values
0.035
0.227
1.445
0.155
0.035
U-Values
0.527
• Group 4
Dr. Abdullah Al-Badi (Group Coordinator)
Dr. Adel Gastli
Dr. Amer Al-Hinai
Dr. Hadj Bourdoucen
Dr. Mounir Bouzguenda
Dr. Yassine Charabi
Mr. Sultan Al-Yahyai
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TYPICAL HOME SOLAR SYSTEM
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•Designing and sizing of any RE system requires first
an accurate assessment of the RE resources
available in the specific place of application.
•Area Geographical Characteristics
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE ASSESSMENT AT SQU
•Area Climatic and Meteorological Characteristics
•Solar Database
•Wind Database
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ECO-HOUSE ENERGY CONSUMPTION
ESTIMATION
Qty
Volts
AC=1
DC=0
Priority=1
Not=0
Run
Watts
Hours
/Day
Days
/Wk
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
15
50
350
900
400
1350
150
125
60
45
120
600
6
5.00
8.00
0.10
0.25
0.10
0.10
0.05
5.00
5.00
6.00
0.25
0.50
24.00
1
240
1
0
20
1
240
1
1
1
1
240
240
1
1
1
1
240
240
3
240
Electrical Loads
Fluorescent Lights
Refrigerator
Blender
Microwave Oven
Food Processor
Espresso Maker
Coffee Grinder
Television
Satellite TV System
Computer
Computer Printer
Water Pumps
Radio Telephone
(receive)
Radio Telephone
(transmit)
Phone Answering
Machine
Washing Machine
Monitoring
Equipment
Vacuum Cleaner
Ni-Cd Battery
Charger
Air-Conditioning
Surge
Watts
7
7
2
7
5
7
7
7
7
3
3
3
7
PhantomLoad
Watts
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
1,300
1,050
1,200
1,200
1,350
200
570
1,600
135
360
1,000
0
750.0
384.0
10.0
225.0
28.6
135.0
7.5
625.0
300.0
115.7
12.9
600.0
144.0
2.5%
1.3%
0.0%
0.7%
0.1%
0.4%
0.0%
2.1%
1.0%
0.4%
0.0%
2.0%
0.5%
1.00
7
0
0
20.0
0.8%
6
24.00
7
0
0
144.0
0.5%
0
1
800
100
0.50
0.00
4
7
0
0
100
200
228.6
2400.0
0.8%
7.9%
1
1
0
1
650
4
0.50
15.00
4
2
0
0
1,950
25
185.7
17.1
0.6%
0.1%
1
1
800
10.00
7
0
1,500
24,000
79.1%
Total Daily Average Watt-hrs
Largest AC Appliance Wattage
Inverter Priority Wattage
Largest AC Appliance Surge Wattage
Ave. WH Percent
/Day
of Total
30,333.1
1,350
1,818
1,950
Energy Storage
I.
Batteries
Renewable energy systems use a lead-acid deep cycle battery. This
type of battery is different from a conventional car battery, as it is
designed to be more tolerant of the kind of ongoing charging and
discharging.
II. Fuel Cells
A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy converter. It will produce energy
in the form of electricity and heat as long as fuel is supplied.
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CONCUSIONS
•PV will be used mainly to produce the required energy for the SQU
Eco-house. Moreover, 1 kW wind turbine will be used for demonstration
purposes and will be able to generate some electricity only during few
windy hours and days
• Battery and Fuel cell will be used as energy storage devices.
•The electrical load of the house is almost determined. Furthermore, all
appliances will be energy saving.
•To reduce the energy consumption in the house solar lighting and
energy monitoring systems will be used.
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THANK YOU