GC Column Technology Advancements and
Practical Applications
Agilent Technologies
Slide 4
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Capillary Column Research
• Column deactivation chemistry:
- extend performance envelope- general use phases
- optimize column chemistry - specific use columns
• Stationary phase chemistries:
- improved upper temp limits- increased thermal stability & lower
bleed
- improved low temperature performance- increased flexibility for
volatiles
- improved chemical & physical stability- longer life, improved
resolution
- improved selectivities/ new applications
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Capillary Column Cross Section
polyimide
coating
deactivation layer
stationary
phase polymer
(or particles)
fused-silica
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Capillary Column Types
Porous Layer Open Tube (PLOT)
Solid Particles
Carrier Gas
Wall Coated Open Tube (WCOT)
Liquid Phase
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Optimized Column Deactivation
• Compatible with desired stationary phase polymer
proper surface energy (polymer "wets" surface)
provides functional groups for covalent bonding
• Permits good chromatography: minimal absorption,
symmetric peaks for compounds of interest:
If general-use phase: broad analyte spectrum capabilityorganic acids to organic bases
• Deactivation stable to solvent injection or wash
Slide 8
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Optimized Deactivation
• “Broad Range” is difficult in practice.
• Deactivation affects performance
Slide 9
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Common Deactivation Chemistries
and Column Performance
Deactivation Method
Column Characteristics
Chlorosilanes
Acidic
Alkoxysilanes
Slightly Acidic
Silazanes or cyclic silazanes
Basic
Hydrosilanes or hydrosiloxanes
Acidic
Siloxane
Slightly Acidic
Polyethylene glycol (Carbowax)
Acidic
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Acid Performance
5% phenyl, 30 m x 0.32 mm x 0.25 µm
1
1
HP
(experimental)
2
2
Vendor
A
3 4
3 4
5
6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
5
6
1
2
6
Vendor
B
3 4
5
pentanoic acid
hexanoic acid
heptanoic acid
octanoic acid
decanoic acid
dodecanoic acid
1
6
Vendor
2C
3
4
5
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Base Performance
5% phenyl, 30 m x 0.32 mm x 0.25 µm
1
1
HP
(experimental)
2
3
4
2
Vendor
A
3
4
5
5
6
6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
pentylamine
hexylamine
heptylamine
octylamine
nonylamine
decylamine
1
Vendor
B
1
Vendor
C
2
3
4
5
6
2
3
4
5
6
Slide 12
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HP-5 Equivalent Columns:
Broad Spectrum Chemical Test
HP-5
Alternate
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Undecane
4-Chlorophenol
1-Decylamine
Tridecane
Methyl Caprate
Tetradecane
Acenaphthalene
1-Dodecanol
Pentadecane
Alternate
B
2
4
6
8
10
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DuraGuard
GC
Injector
Port
Detector
Port
TM
DuraGuard
U99-060
Slide 14
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Stationary Phase Advancements
• Improved upper temp performance- Reducing bleed“MS” phases.
• Extending minimum temp limits- more flexibility for
volatiles- Waxes.
• Improved phase stability- longer life, improved
resolution, expanded compatibility -PLOTs.
• New selectivities / applications.
Slide 15
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What is Bleed?
• thermodynamic equilibrium process occurs to
some degree in all columns
• polysiloxane backbone releases low molecular
weight, cyclic fragments
• occurs at low level in low temperature, O2-free,
clean system
• increased by increased temperature, oxygen
exposure or chemical contamination
Slide 16
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Bleed: Why Does It Happen?
“Back Biting” Mechanism of Product Formation
H3C
CH3
Si
HO O
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
Si O Si O Si O Si O Si
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH
3
Si O Si O Si O Si O Si O Si O Si OH
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
Si O Si O Si O Si OH
CH3
CH3 CH3 CH3
+
Si
CH3
CH3 O CH3
CH3
H3C CH3
Si
O
O
Cyclic products are
thermodynamically
more stable!
CH3
Si
H3C Si
O
CH3
H3C
Repeat
Slide 17
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DB-5MS Structure
O
DB-5 Structure
DB-5ms Structure
DB-5
5% Phenyl
Si
CH 3
CH 3
Si CH
3
O
Si
O
CH 3 Si CH
3
O
CH 3
CH 3 Si
CH 3
Si
CH 3
Si
CH 3
O
O
CH 3
CH 3
CH 3
Si
CH 3
DB-5ms
1.Increased stability
2.Different selectivity
3.Optimized to match DB-5
Slide 18
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Low Bleed Stationary Phases
DB-35ms vs. DB-35
DB-35ms
*
S/N = 10
320°C
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
S/N = 3
*
DB-35
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
300°C
20.00
CLP Pesticides Analysis
* 5ng Decachlorobiphenyl
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Low Bleed Stationary Phases
Spectral Purity
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DB-1ms
The World’s #1 Phase Just Got Better
• Virtually identical selectivity to DB-1
• Higher temperature limit than DB-5ms (340/360°C)
• Legendary column to column reproducibility
• Engineered to perform: never hand selected
Slide 21
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DB-1ms: Optimizing an Already Robust Phase
• Changes to fused silica surface prior to
polymerization
• Changes to polymerization chemistry
• Changes to chemical manifolds used to
process columns
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Molecular Weight Distribution and Bleed in
DMPS Columns
DMPS chains of inconsistent lengths
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Molecular Weight Distribution and Bleed in
DMPS Columns
DMPS chains of consistent lengths
Slide 24
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DB-1ms
Compare the Retention Indices
Compound
DB-1
DB-1ms
MFG A
MFG B
MFG C
3,5-dimethylpyridine
952.4
1-nitrohexane
1009.4
1,4-diisopropylbenzene 1152.1
954.0
1009.7
1152.7
959.1
1009.9
1153.5
966.1
1015.1
1157.3
958.7
1015.0
1157.0
1-nonanol
2-decanone
1157.2
1169.7
1156.7
1170.4
1161.1
1174.1
1161.0
1173.0
1156.9
1169.3
Retention Indices at 90°C
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DB-1ms
Inertness
Column:
J&W P/N:
Carrier:
Oven:
Injector:
Detector:
DB-1ms
30 m x 0.25 mm I.D., 0.25 µm
122-0132
Hydrogen at 39.8 cm/sec,
measure at 125°C
125°C for 8.5 min
125-265°C at 20°/min
Split 1:50, 250°C
FID, 300°C
4
13
5
10
1*
1. 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid*
2. 1,6-Hexanediol
3. 4-Chlorophenol*
4. 1-Methylnaphthalene
5. Tridecane
6. 1-Undecanol
7. Tetradecane
8. Dicyclohexylamine*
9. 2,4-Dinitrophenol*
10. Acenaphthene
11. N-Nitrosodiphenylamine*
12. Pentachlorophenol
13. Phenanthrene
14. Carbazole
*Active Analytes
14
11*
7
2*
3*
6
8*
12*
9*
0
5
10
15
Time (min)
Slide 26
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Improved Bleed Performance
Documented Quality Improvement
Current Production
Columns
1992 Column Production
Count
DBTM-5
30 m x 0.25 mm I.D., 0.25 µm
J&W Part No. 122-5032
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Column Bleed, pA
Slide 27
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Extending Low Temp Limits- Goals
• Retain peak shape, efficiency at low temperatures
• Retain (if possible) original phase polarity (RI)
• Retain or expand maximum temperature capability
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PEG (WAX) Phases
• Carbowax- uncrosslinked PEG (HP 20M)
• DB-WAX- crosslinked via free radicals
• HP Innowax- crosslinked via side-chain functional
groups
Goal: Reduce crystallinity, reduce melting point,
reduce lower temp limit.
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Melting Point of PEG Phases
N / m vs. Temperature
5000
Carbowax
4000
HP-Innowax
3000
N/m
DB-WAX
2000
1000
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature (°C)
Slide 30
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PEG Column Comparison
Solvent Analysis
30 m x 0.25 mm id x 0.25 µm df
1
9,10
12
4
11
7
17
13
HP-Innowax
8
2
18
14
5,6
3
15 16
1
12
DB-WAX
17
11
5,6
3
4
1
pentane
methyl formate
acetone
ethyl acetate
methyl ethyl ketone
methanol
2-methyl-2-propanol
methylene chloride
benzene
ethanol
2-butanol
toluene
n-propanol
ethyl benzene
p-xylene
m-xylene
1-butanol
o-xylene
13
7
10
8
2
0
18
15
14 16
9
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
2
3
4
5
6
7
Time (min.)
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Break Number 1
For Questions and Answers
Press *1 on Your Phone to
Ask a Question
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Phase Stability: PLOT Column Enhancements
• thicker phase layers - improved resolution
• improved particle to particle cross-linking or
binding:
• decreased particle generation
- less detector "spiking" and noise
- less detector contamination
• improved chemical stability- longer column life
• improved selectivities
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Bonded PLOT Columns
• Virtually no spiking- use with valved, on-line, MS
applications.
• No trap needed
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Bonded Porous Polymer PLOT Columns
General applications- hydrocarbons and light
polars, including:
• HC up to C10, C2 -C4 isomers (natural gas,
refinery gas).
• Halogenated HC
• CO2, Air/CO,methane
• Polar compounds: Solvents, Alcohols, Ketones,
Esters, Aldehydes, Amines, Acids
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Bonded Porous Polymer PLOT Columns
HP PLOT Q: Polystyrene divinylbenzene- based
HP PLOT U: Divinylbenzene/ethylene glycol
methacrylate- based
- resistant to water & alcohols
- can quantitate water and alcohols
- rinseable
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Column Stability/ Reproducibility:
Alcohol Injections
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Methanol
Air
0
Acetone
Water
Analysis of Acetone on HP PLOT U
1
2
3
4
5
min
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Selectivity comparison: PLOT Q vs U
Column:
Oven:
Carrier:
Injection:
Detector:
Sample:
0.53mm x 30m HP-PLOT/Q
150°C
Hydrogen 9ml/min
250C Split mode(12:1)
FID 250C
1ul 0.1-0.3% solvents
in methanol
1. Ethanol
2. Acetonitrile
4. Dichloromethane
3. Acetone
5. Diethylether
6. Pentane
8. Hexane
7. Ethyl acetate
9
9. Benzene
4
Methanol
5
3
6
1 2
7
8
Time (min)
Slide 39
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Selectivity comparison: PLOT Q vs U
Pentane
0
1
2
3
Oven:
150C
Inlet:
180C, Split ratio 30;1
Detector: FID 200C
4
Ethyl Acetate
Hexane
Acetone
Sample: 1ul liquid
Ether
Ethanol
Methanol
Column: HP-PLOT U 0.32mm x 30m x 10µm
5
6
7
8
9
min
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Volatile Primary Amines
TCD1 A, (PLOTU\75160012.D)
7000
water
6000
air
5000
4000
butylamine
8000
propylamine
9000
triethyl amine
ammonia
Iso propyl amine
counts
10000
3000
2000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
min
Column: HP-PLOT U 0.53mm x 30m x 20um. Oven:150C(1min) 10C/min to 190C
(5min). Carrier: Hydrogen, 7ml/min. Inlet: 180C, Split ratio 30;1. Detector: TCD
200C. Sample: 2ul amines in methanol, 1-10%.
Slide 41
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Analysis of Noble & Fixed Gases Using HP
PLOT MoleSieve
&ROXPQ
&DUULHU
2YHQ
6DPSOH
+33/270ROH6LHYH
P [ PP [ P
+3 SDUW QR 306
+HOLXP POPLQ
ƒ & PLQ WR ƒ &
PLQ DW ƒ &PLQ
O VSOLW UDWLR 1HRQ
$UJRQ
2[\JHQ
1LWURJHQ
.U\SWRQ
;HQRQ
7LPH PLQ
Slide 42
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HP Plot Al2O3
• Three types, "S" "M" and KCL deactivated- will resolve
hydrocarbon isomers.
– "S" and "M" are excellent general use columns. Baseline
resolution of C1-C6; optimized for resolution of C2-C4
isomers.
– Design goal for "S" & "M": RI for ethylene & propylene as
close to midpoint of flanking peaks as possible.
– "S" best for resolving acetylene from butane & propylene
from isobutane
– "M" best for resolving cyclopropane from propylene
(otherwise, "S" & "M" interchangeable)
– "KCL" best for dienes
Slide 43
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Comparison of PLOT Al2O3 Columns
Ethylene+Proplyene on Competitive
Al203 Column
2 3
1
6
4
7
8
Carrier:
He, constant flow
Oven:
TP1=35°C (2 min), 5°C/min to
100°C, 10°C/min to 180°C (5
min)
Detector:
FID (250°C)
Sample
size:
Overload Conditions
4
11
12
14+15
17
16
13
21
9
10
18
5
0
5
1 2
3
22
19
10
20
15
23
6
7
13. iso-Butylene
14. cis-2-Butene
15. Iso-Pentane
16. n-Pentane
17. 1,3-Butadiene
18. Propyne
19. trans-2-Pentene
20. 2-Methyl-2-butene
21. Pentene-1
22. cis-2-Pentene
23. n-Hexane
Methane
Ethane
Ethylene
Propane
Cyclopropane
Propylene
iso-Butane
n-Butane
Propadiene
Acetylene
trans-2-Butene
Butene-1
20
Ethylene on HP Plot Al203 "S"
deactivation
4
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
4
8
6
Propylene on HP Plot Al203 "M"
deactivation
7
8
17
11
11
17
12
16
14
12 14
2
16
13
18
15
20
9
18
19
20
3
1
21
22
10
15
13
19
10
21
22
9
23
5
0
5
10
15
20
23
5
25
0
5
10
15
20
25
Slide 44
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GS-GasPro
- Silica-based PLOT column
- “Bonded” stationary phase
- Unique selectivity
- Highly inert to reactive compounds
- Retention stability uneffected by water
- Mass Spec friendly PLOT column
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GS-GasPro
Fantastic for Freons
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GS-GasPro
Excellent sensitivity for sulfur gases!
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GS-CarbonPLOT
• Monolithic carbon molecular sieve
• Phase formed in situ-no particles
• Extended temperature limit of 360°C
• Unique selectivity
• Mass Spec friendly
• Better price
Slide 48
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Natural Gas Mixture
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
5
Column:
GS-CarbonPLOT
3
30 m x 0.32 mm I.D., 1.5 µm
113-3132
125°C for 2 min
125°C to 350°C at 20°/min
Carrier Gas:Helium at 30 cm/sec
Injector:
250°C, Split 1:20
Detector:
MSD, SIM
2
1
J&W P/N:
Oven:
4
Methane
Acetylene
Propane
iso-Butane
n-Butane
iso-Pentane
n-Pentane
7
6
0
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
Carbon-PLOT
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Break Number 2
For Questions and Answers
Press *1 on Your Phone to
Ask a Question
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New Selectivities and Application Specific
Columns
• HP Fast Residual Solvent Column
• DB-ALC1 & DB-ALC2; Blood Alcohols
• DB-MTBE; Resolves MTBE from the Methylpentanes
• DB-VRX; The Volatiles Column
• DB-HT SimDis; “Boiling Point” phase with 430C MAOT
• DB-TPH; Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
• DB-Petro; PONA, PIANO and PNA analysis
• DB-Dioxin; dioxin analysis, resolves toxic congeners
• Chiral Columns
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Chiral Columns
• It is nearly impossible to predict success of
separation of enantiomers on any given column
• CycloSil-B is a good general purpose column
(“DB-5” of chiral columns)
• Trial and Error: We have money-back guarantee
if column doesn’t do separation
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Chiral Columns
• We have two different, but similar, types of
chiral stationary phases. Both are derivatized
beta-cyclodextrins
• CycloSil-B: silane modified
• Cyclodex-B: permethylated
• HP Chiral -10 and -20 ß: permethylated
Slide 53
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Structure and Properties of ß- Cyclodextrin
2+
2+
2+
2
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
&+2+
2+
2+
2
2+
2
2
2+
2+
2+
2
&+2+
&+2+
*OXFRVHPROHFXOHVMRLQHGWKURXJKJO\FRVLGLFOLQNDJHV
3ULPDU\K\GUR[\OJURXSVSDUWLDOO\EORFNWKHEDVH
&DYLW\VL]HLVDERXWcLQGLDPHWHU
+\GUR[\JURXSVDUHSHUDON\ODWHG
Slide 54
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CycloSil-B
Slide 55
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Chiral Separation- Oils & Fragrances
FID2 B, of CHIRAL\SIG20020.D
HP Chiral-20 β
pA
30m X 0.25mm X 0.25cm
90
P/N 19091G-B233
80
Components:
70
1. nonane
60
2. (+) 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanol
50
40
3. (-) 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanol
4. (1S)-(-)-alpha-pinene
30
5. (1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene
20
6. α−Terpinene
7. (S)-(-)-Limonene
5
10
15
min
8. (R)-(+)-Limonene
Carrier:
Hydrogen, 36 cm/sec, Constant pressure
9. γ−Terpinene
Oven:
Injection:
Detection:
50 C (2 min) to 143 C at 5 C/min
Split (ratio 30:1), 1 l, Inj Temp 250 C
FID, Det Temp 300 C
10. (+/-)-Linalool
Sample:
0.25 ng/ l each analyte in Hexane
m
m
11. (-)-Menthone
12. (+/−)−α−Terpinen-4-ol
Slide 56
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Headspace Analysis of Common Solvents on
HP-624
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0
Column:
2
Methanol
Ethanol
Ether
Acetone
i - Propanol
Acetonitrile
Methylene Chloride
t - Butanol
Hexane
Propanol
Methylethylketone
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Ethylacetate
Tetrahydrofuran
s - Butanol
Chloroform
Cyclohexane
Benzene
Heptane
Trichloroethylene
1,4 - Dioxane
Pyridine
Toluene
4
6
8
HP-624, 30 m x 0.53 mm x 3.0 um
(HP Part No. 19095V-423)
Carrier: Helium, 35 cm/sec, Constant Flow
Oven:
40 C (5 min) to 90 C at 2 C/min
90 C to 250 C at 30 C/min
Injection: Headspace, 180 C, Split 7/1
Detector: FID, 260 C
10
12
14
min
Headspace Conditions:
Carrier Gas Pressure: 3.5 psi
Oven Temp: 85 C
Loop Temp: 95 C
Transfer Line Temp: 110 C
Vial Pressure: 10 psi
Vial Equilibration Time: 10 min
Pressurization Time: 0.2 min
Loop Fill Time: 0.15 min
Loop Equilibration Time: 0.05 min
Injection Time: 1.00 min
Slide 57
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Headspace Analysis of Common Solvents on
Fast Residual Solvent Column
0
1
GC:
Column:
2
3
4
6890
HP-Fast Residual Solvent Column
(HP Part No. 19095V-420)
Carrier: Helium, 30 cm/sec, Constant Flow
Oven:
40 C (1.7 min) to 90 C at 6 C/min
90 C to 250 C at 30 C/min
Injection: Headspace, 180 C, Split 7/1
Detector: FID, 260 C
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Methanol
Ethanol
Ether
Acetone
i-Propanol
Acetonitrile
Methylene Chloride
t-Butanol
Hexane
Propanol
Methylethylketone
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Ethylacetate
Tetrahydrofuran
s-Butanol
Chloroform
Cyclohexane
Benzene
Heptane
Trichloroethylene
1,4-Dioxane
Pyridine
Toluene
6
Headspace Conditions:
Carrier Gas Pressure: 3.5 psi
Oven Temp: 85 C
Loop Temp: 95 C
Transfer Line Temp: 110 C
Vial Pressure: 10 psi
Vial Equilibration Time: 10 min
Pressurization Time: 0.2 min
Loop Fill Time: 0.15 min
Loop Equilibration Time: 0.05 min
Injection Time: 1.00 min
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DB-ALC1 & DB-ALC2
Analysis of Blood Alcohols in 2 minutes!
3
GC Conditions
Carrier:
3
Helium at 80 cm/sec,
measured at 40°C
40°C Isothermal
Split 1:10, 250°C
FID, 300°C
Oven:
Injector:
Detector:
4
Headspace Conditions
Oven:
Loop:
Transfer line:
Vial Equil. Time:
Pressurization Time:
Loop Fill Time:
Loop Equil. Time:
Inject Time:
Sample Loop Size:
Sample Composition:
1
2
5
4
70°C
80°C
90°C
10 min
0.20 min
0.20 min
0.05 min
0.2 min
1.0 mL
0.1% ethanol,
0.001% others
5
1
2
6
6
0
1
2
3
DB-ALC1
30m x 0.53mm I.D., 3µm
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Methanol
Acetaldehyde
Ethanol
Isopropanol
Acetone
1-propanol
0
1
2
3
DB-ALC2
30m x 0.53mm I.D., 2µm
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DB-MTBE
PID
Resolves
the Pentanes
from
MTBE!
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DB-HT Sim Dis
Hot
Hot
Hot
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DB-VRX: The Volatiles Column
Column:
DB-VRX
75 m x mm.45 mm I.D., 2.55 µm
124-1574
Helium at 9 mL/min,
measured at 35°C
35°C for 12 min
35-60°C at 5°/min
60°C for 1 min
60-200°C at 17°/min
200°C for 5 min
Purge and trap (O.I.A 4560)
J&W LVI, 150°C
20 ppb per component in 5 mL water
VOCARB™3000
ELCD (O.I.A. 4430), with NiCat™
reaction tube in the halogen mode,
950°C reactor temperature
J&W P/N:
Carrier:
Oven:
Injector:
Trap:
Detector:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Chloromethane
Vinyl chloride
Bromomethane
Chloroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
2-Chloropropane (IS)
11
ELCD
8,9
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
1,1-Dichloroethene
Iodomethane
Allyl chloride
Methylene chloride
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene
1,1-Dichloroethane
Chloroprene
cis-1,2-Dichloropropane
2,2-Dichloropropane
Bromochloromethane
Chloroform
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Carbon tetrachloride
1,1-Dichloropropene
Benzene
1,2-Dichloroethane
Fluorobenzene (IS)
Trichloroethene
1,2-Dichloropropane
Dibromomethane
Trifluorotoluene (IS)
Bromodichloromethane
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
Toluene
trans-1,3-Dichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
1,3-Dichloropropane
Dibromochloromethane
2
13
4 5
2
62
50
60,63
65,66
52
69
49
37
68
47
38
40
25
54
29
20
Benzyl chloride
n-Butylbenzene
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
Bis (2-Chloroisopropyl) ether
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Naphthalene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
39
56
71
51
26
19
21
17
27
67
30
16
7
1
0
31 33
23
15
10
3
63.
1,2-Dibromoethane
64.
1-Chloro-3-fluorobenzene (IS)
Chlorobenzene
65.
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
66.
Ethylbenzene
67.
68.
m -Xylene
69.
p-Xylene
70.
Styrene
71.
o-Xylene
Bromoform
Isopropylbenzene
cis-1,4-Dichlorobutene
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Bromobenzene
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
n-Propylbenzene
2-Chlorotoluene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
41
4-Chlorotoluene
tert-Butylbenzene
35
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
sec-Butylbenzene
34
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
p-Isopropyltoluene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
36
18
12
6
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
14
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
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30
DB-Petro50
Exceeds all ASTM and AFNOR requirements for PONA analysis
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DB-TPH
High Throughput TPH Screening
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DB-Dioxin
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High Resolution Megabore
• Same Outer Diameter as the Megabore
• No Special Hardware Required
• Smaller Inner Diameter (0.45mm)
• Maintain Phase Ratio (Beta)
• Methods are easy to translate!
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High Resolution Megabore
Same Resolution - Faster Analysis!
BTEX
Carrier:
Oven :
Helium
40°C for 3 min, 5°/min to 100°C
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Summary
• Column deactivation chemistries improved.
- enhanced acidic and basic analyte sensitivities
- column chemistries optimized for specific
applications
• Stationary phases optimized to extend max temp
limit & lower bleed, extend minimum temperature
limits, and improve physical & chemical stability.
• New selectivities/ applications
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Wrap-up E-Seminar Questions
Thank you for attending Agilent e-Seminars.
Our e-Seminar schedule is expanding every
week. Please check our website frequently at:
www.agilent.com
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