2/10/2014
Imperialist
Aggressive
Rivalries
Nationalism
• Reaction from minorities
International
anarchy
• No international forum for peace
• No “League of Nations” or “United Nations”
“Neutral
in thought as well as in deed”
with all European nations
Loan money to European nations
Avoid entangling alliances with Europe
Trade
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2/10/2014
NOTICE!
TRAVELLERS intending to embark on the
Atlantic voyage are reminded that a state of war
exists between Germany and her allies and
Great Britain and her allies; that the zone of war
includes the water adjacent to the British Isles;
that, in accordance with formal notice given by
the Imperial German Government, vessels flying
the flag of Great Britain, or any of her allies, are
liable to destruction in those waters and that
travellers sailing in the war zone on ships of
Great Britain or her allies do so at their own risk.
IMPERIAL GERMAN EMBASSY
WASHINGTON, D.C., APRIL 22, 1915
“There is such a thing as a man being too
proud to fight. There is such a thing as a
nation being so right that it does not need
to convince others by force that it is right.”
Woodrow Wilson, 1915
Response to sinking of Lusitania
“He kept us out of war”
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Cause
of War
Wilson’s
Remedy
Gradual
Path—No “singular” event
• Militarism
• Disarmament
• Secret alliances
• No secret alliances
• Nationalism
• Self-determination
• Imperialism
• Freedom of the seas
• Resumption of USW (violates Sussex)
• International anarchy
• League of Nations
• Loans to Allies
• Russian Revolution, March 1917
• German “atrocities”
• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare & Lusitania
Sussex Pledge—promised to halt USW
• Zimmermann Telegram
“It must be a peace without victory; victory
would mean peace forced upon the loser, a
victor’s terms imposed upon the
vanquished. It would be accepted in
humiliation … and would leave a sting, a
resentment, a bitter memory upon which
terms of peace would rest, not
permanently but only as upon quicksand.
Only a peace between equals can last.”
Reflects “Moral
Diplomacy”
• “war to end all wars”
• “make the world safe for democracy”
• “peace without victory”
• Fourteen Points to eliminate causes of war
Freedom of the seas
Disarmament
Self-determination
Sale
of Liberty Bonds
War Industries Board
To convert from peacetime to wartime production
National War Labor Board
To resolve labor disputes
Recruitment & Draft for Army
Imperialism era built of Navy; Army not prepared for
an invasion of Europe
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Food
Names
Hamburger =
Liberty meat
Sauerkraut =
Liberty cabbage
Frankfurter =
Liberty sausage
Oklahoma
Towns
Bismark = Wright
Kiel = Loyal
Korn = Corn
Pacifists
Socialist
Party
Industrial Workers of
the World (Union)
Espionage
Act, 1917
Penalties for obstructing
war effort
Empowered post office to
open mail
Sedition
Act, 1918
Illegal to speak out
against the war
Illegal to criticize the
president or government
Led to tapping of
telephones
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Issue
• Schenck sent anti-draft pamphlets via mail
• Charged with violating Espionage Act
• Does Esp. Act violate 1st Amendment?
Supreme
Court’s Decision
• Limitations of rights allowed in times of “clear
and present danger”
Significance
• Curtailment of civil liberties during wartime
freedom for Women (19th Amd)
industrial & agricultural
production
“Great Migration” for blacks
Race Conflict/Riots
More
Increased
Saint Louis
Chicago
Tulsa
Allies
demand harsh reparations
Goes against “peace without victory”
Prevents German economic growth
Used as propaganda by Hitler & leads to WWII
League of Nations
Only one of 14 points clearly in Treaty of Versailles
U.S. Senate believes it will force US into another war &
refused to ratify Treaty…U.S. not in League
League is too weak to handle Hitler’s rise
WWI’s
aftermath leads to WWII
Steps to War: http://www.hubertlerch.com/images/stepstowar.jpg
Palm Tree: given by a colleague; uncertain of source information
Snake: http://www.authentichistory.com/1914-1920/1-overview/2-1914-17/index.html
Alliances: http://cdn.dipity.com/uploads/events/8bb111716cd6bda379b95540bee9e3b8_1M.png
Atrocities 1: http://historymatters.gmu.edu/mpimages/mp182.jpg
Atrocities 2: http://www.100megspop3.com/bark/Propaganda4.jpg
U Boat: http://ceweb2.uml.edu/FinalProjects/Jbarl50367/images/uboat_1.jpg
U Boote Heraus: http://actualplay.roleplayingpublicradio.com/u-boat.jpg
Warning: http://www.authentichistory.com/1914-1920/1-overview/2-1914-17/index.html
NY Times: http://digitalhistory.edublogs.org/files/2010/03/Lusitania-headline.jpg
SF Chronicle: http://www.authentichistory.com/1914-1920/1-overview/2-1914-17/index.html
1916 Map: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/ElectoralCollege1916-Large.png
Note coded: http://blogs.cfr.org/lindsay/files/2011/03/Zimmermann-Telegram.jpg
Note translated: http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/zimmermann/images/decoded-message-m.jpg
Map: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Zimmermann_Telegram_alt.png
Uncle Sam: http://www.war-stories.com/aspprotect/images/poster-wwii-join-uncle-sam-i-want-you.jpg
Navy: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h63000/h63193a.jpg
Marines: http://bluejacket.com/usmc/posters/post_usmc_want-action_ww2.jpg
Women 1: http://cdn.dipity.com/uploads/events/1aa6c4319cc919bbb7ce017713a7575e_1M.png
Women 2: http://explorepahistory.com/kora/files/1/2/1-2-BF6-25-ExplorePAHistory-a0j6c8-a_349.jpg
Blacks 1: http://0.tqn.com/d/history1900s/1/0/W/3/wwi20.gif
Blacks 2: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h56000/h56659.jpg
Enlist: http://rlv.zcache.com/enlist_world_war_one_recruitment_poster_wwi_postcard-p239358451301223193trdg_400.jpg
Mad Brute: http://techrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Destroy_this_mad_brute_WWI_propaganda_poster_US_version.jpg
Blood: http://www.artgalleryofballarat.com.au/media/72049/lindsay-norman.jpg
School: http://csudigitalhumanities.org/exhibits/archive/thumbnails/where-he-can-be-kept-out-of-mischief_d5b49db894.jpg
Sink: http://www.squidoo.com/propaganda-posters
Hammer: http://newman.baruch.cuny.edu/digital/redscare/IMAGES_LG/Swat_the_Fly.gif
Migration Map: http://vellastrations.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/image0081.jpg
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