As we know, the Earth is the only planet where life can
exist. But there are many people who think that other
planets similar to ours could exist somewhere in the
huge universe. Furthermore, many people say they have
seen UFOs in the sky. Are we alone in the universe?
ORAL DISCUSSION
Do you know the meaning of UFO?
Some scientists say that there could be living beings,
like aliens in other planets. Do you agree?
Draw your own alien!
2
Our planet is called the Earth. It is placed in the Solar System, with other planets and celestial
bodies. The Solar System is inside the Milky Way, one of the many galaxies of the Universe.
The Milky
Way galaxy
Celestial Bodies
Stars
Planets
Comets & Asteroids
Fixed and luminous bodies, stars
are the centre of the solar system
and give off heat.
Planets move around the star and
don’t give offheat of light. They
usually have moons or rings.
Asteroids are rocky bodies which
orbit around the sun. Comets
have a nucleus of ice and dust
and usually a tail of gas. They
move around the solar system.
1
Unit 1
Our Solar System
Our Solar System is a collection of planets, moons, asteroids and comets located around our star,
the Sun. There are eight planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune. All of them revolves around the Sun, our star.
The Sun
Saturn
Venus
Mercury
Neptune
Mars
Earth
Uranus
Jupiter
How the earth moves
The Earth has two different movements:
Go online to learn more about
rotation, revolution and see a video
about eclipses!
(
Revolution: the Earth revolves around the Sun.
Revolution produces the seasons. It takes the
Earth one year (365 days) to complete one
revolution around the Sun.
Rotation: the Earth rotates on its axis. This
movement produces the day and the night, and
a complete rota- tion takes one day (24 hours)
Unit 1
2
Globes
Globes are a representation of the Earth in 3D. They are spheres that show our planet on a small
scale.
Imaginary line about
The most northern
which
point of our planet
rotates. It connects
the
Earth
Earth’s two poles.
Go online to learn
more about rotation
and revolution.
1
Unit 1
The most southern
points of our planet.
Meridians
Parallels
Imaginary lines of longitude which divide the
Imaginary lines of latitude which divide the
Earth in two halves
Earth in two halves (North-South). The parallel
(East-West). The prime
meridian is Greenwich Meridian.
zero is Equator.
Hemispheres
The halves in which the Earth is divided by the Equator and Greenwich lines.
Unit 1
2
Maps
Maps are a representation of the Earth as well, but they show our planet as a flat surface. They
usually have a title, a key, symbols and a scale. Maps come in paper and digital formats.
1
Political Map
Physical Map
A political map shows us borders, countries,
regions, cities, towns and villages. Political
maps usually have different colours and lines
to divide different places.
A physical map tells us about the mountains,
rivers, and other natural features. It has
different colours to distinguish different
features.
Thematic Map
Street Map
When we want to show specific information
such as weather, population, roads, travel
routes or other topics in an area, we use a
thematic map.
A street map shows a specific place, like parts
of cities or towns. It usually contains public
services, useful locations labels, and the name
of the streets and squares.
Unit 1
Orienteering
GPS
Compass
Sun
position
Star
constellations
If we get lost, we can use many traditional or modern methods to know where we are. We can look
at the Sun by day and at the stars at night, use a compass or try the latest GPS device.
2
1
Using the compass on the drawing, write
what you can see to the north, south, east
and west.
Choose the correct answer for each
sentence.
a. An imaginary line which connects both
Poles.
Axis
Parallel
Meridian
b. An imaginary line which divides the Earth in
Northern hemisphere and Southern hemisphere.
Parallel
Meridian
Axis
c. A representation of the Earth as a flat
surface.
Globe
Street Map
Map
Unit 1
2
Hi, I am Debbie! In my
country, the USA, we love
baseball and hot dogs.
Hello, my name is Luis Fernando
and I live in Peru. Would you like
to visit Machu Picchu with me?
Hello, I’m Omar. I’m from
Morocco. I love eating
cous-cous and playing football.
Antarctic Ocean
Antarctic
Hi, my name is Wangari. I am
a Maasai from Kenya. Have
you ever seen a lion?
1
Unit 1
The Earth is divided into seven continents: North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia,
Oceania and Antarctica. There are five oceans as well: Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, Arctic and
Antarctic.
Arctic Ocean
Hi, I’m Freya and I come from
Sweden. I like skiing and
playing with the snow!
Hello, I am from China. My
name is Mei. Do you like
Chinese food?
Hello, I am Poonam, from
India. I love dressing up
in a sari with my sisters
Go online to see some
videos
about
the
continents and oceans
Unit 1
2
G
Rocky Mountains
T
b
(N
The longest mountain range
in North America.
(USA, Canada)
The Amazon
The widest river in the world.
(Brazil)
The Andes
The longest mountain range in
the world. It contains Aconcagua.
(South America)
The Sahara
The largest hot desert in the
world.
(North Africa)
1
Unit 1
The Alps
A very high and extensive mountain
range in Europe. It contains Mont Blanc.
(Swizterland, France, Austria, Italy,
Germany)
Greenland
Greenland
This This
largelarge
islandisland
is covered
is covered
by icebyallice
year.
all year.
North
(North
Hemisphere)
Pole)
The Yangtze
The third longest river in the
world.
(China)
The Himalayas
This mountain range has the highest
peaks in the world, including Everest.
(Tibet)
The Nile
The longest river in the
world.
(Egypt)
Go online to see some
videos
about
the
Continents and oceans
Unit 1
2
Statue of Liberty
(New York, USA)
Eiffel Tower
(Paris, France)
Colosseum
(Rome, Italy)
Teotihuacan Pyramids
(Mexico City, Mexico)
Machu Picchu
(Peru)
Christ the Redemeer
(Brazil, Rio)
1
Unit 1
Pyramids
(Egypt)
Maasai People
(Kenya)
Our world is divided in around 195 countries with their own culture and traditions. Some countries
are big such as China or Brazil, and other ones are very small, like Vatican City or Monaco. Other
differences can be their population, their economy or their language. We can learn a lot about all
of them.
1
Choose the correct answer to complete the
sentences.
a. The longest river in the world is ...
Saint Basil´s
(Moscow, Russia)
the Amazon
the Nile
the Yangtze
b. The highest mountain in the world is ...
Mont Blanc
Everest
the Himalayas
c. The Sahara is the largest _______ in the
world.
desert
country
river
d. The Amazon River is in....
Great Wall
(China)
Egypt
2
China
Brazil
Write the name of the continent where each
monument is located on your notebook
Statue of Liberty: ______________________
Eiffel Tower: __________________________
Colosseum: __________________________
Saint Basil´s: _________________________
Great Wall: __________________________
Sydney Opera House
(Sydney, Australia)
Taj Mahal: ___________________________
Sydney Opera House: _________________
Pyramids: ___________________________
Christ the Redemeer: __________________
Machu Picchu: _______________________
Taj Mahal
(Agra, India)
Teotihuacan Pyramids: ________________
Unit 1
2
Go online and see a
video about the moon
phases!
The Phases of the Moon
First quarter
Crescent
Gibbous
New moon
Full moon
Gibbous
Crescent
Third quarter
Go online to this link to find out in which moon phase you were born!
http://www.astrocal.co.uk/find-out-your-moon-phase/
1
Unit 1
The Water Cycle
During the water cycle , water changes it state
from liquid to gaseous and solid, and travels
Precipitation: When too much water
collects in a cloud, it bursts. Droplets fall
long distances to renew itself. The water cycle
back down to the surface as rain, snow or
has four different phases:
hail.
Evaporation: Sun heats up the water in
our rivers, lakes and oceans. When water
evaporates, it turns into 'vapour' and rises.
Collection: Water is collected in rivers,
lakes and oceans, and the cycle starts
again.
Condensation: Water vapour cools and
mixes with other air substances. Then, it
becomes clouds.
Go online and see a
video about the water
cycle!
Unit 1
2
ARCTIC
OCEANS
THE EARTH
CONTINENTS
Unit 1
ANTARCTICA
STARS
INNER PLANETS
THE UNIVERSE
MILKY WAY
OUTER PLANETS
PLANETS
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
We live on a planet called Earth, in the
Milky Way galaxy. It is part of the
Solar System, which is formed by a
star -the Sun- and eight planets -Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Other
celestial bodies are stars, comets and
asteroids. The Earth has two movements: rotation and revolution. We can
represent our planet with a globe or a
map.
ASTEROIDS AND COMETS
Unit 1
2
1
Complete these facts about planets:
Which planet is it?
a. ...is the furthest from the Sun.
________________________________________
b. ... is called the blue planet.
________________________________________
c. ... is called the red planet.
________________________________________
d. ... is the closest to the Sun.
________________________________________
e. ... is the biggest in our Solar System.
________________________________________
f. ... is the hottest in our Solar System.
________________________________________
g. ... has the most rings.
________________________________________
h. ... doesn’t have any moons.
________________________________________
i. ... is the smallest in our Solar System.
________________________________________
j. ... is the only one where life is possible.
___________________________________________
2
Choose the correct answer for each sentena. On a political map we can see ________.
mountains &
rivers
the weather
forescast
borders & cities
of a country
b. Anna is looking for a bank near the cinema.
She is using a ___________.
physical map
street map
political map
c. On a physical map we can observe __________.
mountains &
rivers
traffic
jams
main buildings
of a town
d. On a ________ we can look for the weather forecast, the route for a trip or the age of the population in an specific area
street map
physical Map
thematic map
3
Color each continent in a different colour. Then, name of the continents and the oceans.
1
Unit 1
4
Answer the questions using the map:
a. Which hemisphere has the most water?
____________________________________
b. Which hemispheres are these
countries in?
China: ___________________________.
Brazil: ___________________________.
USA: ____________________________.
Russia: __________________________.
Australia: ________________________.
India: ___________________________.
Sudan: __________________________.
5
Choose the continent where each place is located:
a. Taj Mahal
g. The Sahara
Africa
Asia
Asia
Central America
Europe
Central America
Africa
South America
b. Sydney Opera House
h. The Himalaya
North America
Asia
Europe
Asia
Oceania
Europe
Africa
Oceania
i. Rocky Mountains
c. Pyramids
Africa
Central America
North America
Oceania
Asia
South America
Europe
South America
j. Greenland
d. Eiffel Tower
Oceania
Europe
Oceania
Antartic
Asia
South America
Artic
North America
k. The Nile
e. Colosseum
Europe
Central America
Oceania
South America
Africa
North America
Africa
Asia
l. The Amazon
f. Statue of Liberty
South America
Oceania
South America
Europe
Europe
North America
Oceania
Africa
Unit 1
2
HOW AND WHEN DID THE UNIVERSE START?
The Big Bang
Go online and see a
video about the Big
Bang!
destroyed each other. But some matter survived.
More stable particles called protons and neutrons
started to form when the Universe was one second
old.
Over the next three minutes, the temperature dropped below 1 billion degrees Celsius. It was now
cool enough for the protons and neutrons to come
together, forming hydrogen and helium nuclei.
Most astronomers believe the Universe began in a
Big Bang about 14 billion years ago. At that time,
the entire Universe was inside a bubble that was
thousands of times smaller than a pinhead. It was
hotter and denser than anything we can imagine.
Then it suddenly exploded. The Universe that we
know was born. Time, space and matter all began
with the Big Bang. In a fraction of a second, the
Universe grew from smaller than a single atom to
bigger than a galaxy. And it kept on growing at a
fantastic rate. It is still expanding today.
As the Universe expanded and cooled, energy
changed into particles of matter and antimatter.
These two opposite types of particles largely
1
Unit 1
After 300,000 years, the Universe had cooled to
about 3000 degrees. Atomic nuclei could finally capture electrons to form atoms. The Universe filled
with clouds of hydrogen and helium gas.
1
When did the Big Bang happen?
2 Has the Universe always been the same
size? And now?
3 What happened with matter and antimat-
ter particles in the Universe? What kind of
particles survived?
4 What did protons and neutrons form when
they came together?
5 What has happend to the temperature of
the Universe since its beginning?
Make a quiz game!
Divide into 6 groups. Each group will be
assigned one continent.
Make a quiz game about the continents, their
countries and traditions, languages, mountains,
rivers, monuments...
Each person searches for different type of
information. You can use the Internet to help
you.
When you finish your questions and your
answers, you all can play with your game. You
can also swap it for your classmates’ game!
Do not forget to be very creative so your
classmates have fun while learning about your
continent!
Team Members:
___________________________________
___________________________________
Continent:
___________________________________
Unit 1
2
The Water Cycle