T
C
A
D
A
E
T
S
E
M
O
H
E
H
T
1862
he law en
2
6
oln in 1862. T
8
c
1
in
did
F
L
O
m
a
T
h
C
ra
b
A
D
by A
rchase if they
A
d
u
e
E
P
n
T
a
ig
n
S
s
ia
E
w
is
a
u
L
M
o
l
L
HO
Federa
by the
, the
United States
e area gained
g for the deed
titled
in th
n filin
d Act was a
local
eveloped land d file for deed of title. Whe
d
n
u
f
o
The Homestea
s
ements to the
v
re
c
ro
a
p
n
0
a
4
im
,
-6
d
d
e
0
n
6
ir
la
1
u
to
e land
g the req
prove the
an individual
roof of makin to Washington, D.C., and th
pplication, im
p
a
d
n
n
a
a
le
y
c
fi
n
:
e
s
.
g
id
three thin
gainst the U.S
it proof of res pplication was forwarded
a
s
m
b
u
rm
s
a
p
to
u
d
n
a
e
h
had tak
rs, the a
homesteader
ere those who
paid ten dolla
w
n
e
le
th
ib
e
g
li
H
.
e
e
in
c
land offi
who were
e only people
h
T
.
is
h
e
m
a
c
be
Answer the following questions on your graphic organizer:
1. According to these documents, where is free land being given away?
2. How many years can the land be held without taxes, assessment, or interest?
3. According to the document, what are the only costs associated with this offer?
4. DO YOU THINK THE HOMESTEAD ACT WILL HAVE A POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE AFFECT ON NATIVE AMERICANS LIVING IN THOSE STATES? WHY?
L
A
T
N
E
N
I
T
N
O
C
S
N
A
R
THE T
D
A
O
R
L
I
A
R
1869
BREAKING DOWN VOCABULARY
*TRANS = CROSS
*CONTINENTAL = THE CONTINENT
=THE UNITED STATES
TRANSCONTINENTAL =ACROSS THE UNITED
STATES
t
S
9. The amoun
6
D
8
1
A
in
O
d
R
te
IL
le
p
F RA
as com
t of
west coasts, w
d
n
t every aspec out the
a
t
s
a
e
e
THE EXPANSION O
th
h
king
cted just abou
of
ug
ffe
d, lin
rs. Railroads a factories to consumers thro
nental railroa
a
ti
e
n
y
o
5
c
2
s
t
n
x
a
e
tr
n
t
es and
The firs
ld in the
s.
creased fivefo ted raw materials to factori
in
k
c
a
tr
coal industrie
d
d
a
n
a
ro
c
l,
e
e
rail
n
te
n
s
o
,
c
n
s
o
the
ted the ir
. Railroad
at Plains with
American life
roads stimula
il
re
G
ra
e
e
th
th
f
to
o
n
rs
o
le
ucti
ad companies
y brought sett
ro
e
il
h
nation. Constr
a
T
R
r.
.
e
ts
ti
e
n
o
rk
fr
a
rban m
nts as
t of the
the settlemen
the plains to u Irish and Chinese immigra
d
n
o
te
s
o
m
rm
ro
fa
p
e
o
th
ls
a
y linked
also used
The railroads
land. Then the Europe for settlers. They
rm
fa
p
a
e
h
c
rtising in
nes.
promise of
ration by adve eir new transcontinental li
ig
m
im
d
te
o
prom
ing th
force for build
a cheap labor
Answer the following questions on your graphic organizer:
1. How did railroads affect american life?
2. How did railroads promote the settlement of the frontier?
3. WHAT IMMIGRANT GROUPS WERE USED AS A CHEAP LABOR FORCE?
4. what type of impact might the railroad have on Native Americans living in the states that the railroad ran through? Explain your
answer.
O
L
A
F
F
U
B
E
H
T
F
O
E
N
I
THE DECL
1860S-1890S
!
!
ca. 1873
National Archives
"no story of wildlife decline in North
America is more widely
known than the demise of the buffalo"
!
!
!
ve America
O
ti
a
L
N
A
e
F
F
th
U
d
n
B
any
HE
alo a
THE DECLINE OF T s area was home to milliloonres poref bsueffnted more thanigfoht,odP.laFinorsm
ns
rn
ffa
Great Plain
. But the bu material culture. Day o uffalo product. By
s
e
id
h
d
Much of the
n
a
of some b
c items of
ff their food
who lived o er one hundred specifi f sight, touch, or smell Non-Indians killed the
ov
port
ut o
line.
it provided
r the pure s s off
have been o lation was on the dec
fo
r
t
e
s
v
e
ju
t
n
o
e
n
v
u
ld
ws, or e
e Indian
Indians cou wever, the buffalo pop
truction cre attempted to drive th
s
n
o
c
o
h
d
,
a
s
etween
ro
0
the 187
supplies. B
f
, to feed rail ted in the West often
s
o
lt
s
e
n
p
ia
ir
d
e
In
e skin
th
who opera
deprive the , most often taking th
buffalo for
rs
to
e
d
y
n
a
a
w
m
a
m
s
nd
o
a
lo
as ruined a
of it. Army c s by killing the buffalo rs killed 9 million buffa
w
fe
li
f
o
y
a
nd
nte
dian w
of desired la 5, only three years, hu
1880s the In
e
th
y
B
.
7
te
8
in was
lains.
1872 and 1
rcass to rot an settlement of the P
a
c
e
th
g
in
v
c
and lea
r Ameri
s cleared fo
a
w
y
a
w
e
th
Answer the following questions on your graphic organizer:
1. In what ways did native americans use the buffalo?
2. According to the above picture (with the railroad), how do did the coming of the transcontinental railroad impact the buffalo?
3. why was the destruction of the buffalo so detrimental to the native american way of life?
:
S
N
A
C
I
R
E
M
A
E
V
I
T
A
N
S
E
W
A
D
E
H
T
D
N
A
S
N
O
I
T
A
V
R
E
S
E
R
ACT
1887
onto
m their lands
o
fr
s
n
a
c
ri
e
m
the tribe
g Native A
s from which kets,
licy of pushin
d
o
n
p
la
a
e
d
th
e
n
w
a
o
ll
ment fo
od, blan
smaller th
the U.S. govern t. Reservation lands were ral government promised fo y hunters, not
,
0
9
8
-1
0
3
8
1
From
e fede
the Wes
ditionall
servations in ted of undesirable land. Th
cans were tra
re
ri
t
e
n
m
e
A
m
e
v
rn
e
ti
v
a
o
N
is
g
s
ms, since
and often con
h tribal custo
it
w
d
was removed
e
h
s
la
c
this policy
and seed, but
ulture.
farmers.
mainstream c h
e
th
g
n
ti
p
o
d
es. Eac
ation”-a
o “Americaniz lished Native American trib expected
rg
e
d
n
u
s
n
a
c
o
ri
e act ab
tive Ame
ans were
urged that Na anize Native Americans. Th
Native Americ
y.
rs
e
rt
e
p
rm
fo
ro
p
re
e
te
eric
Som
priva
t sought to Am
enship.
nd as its own
The Dawes Ac 160 acres of reservation la of life were given U.S. citiz
ay
en
family was giv . Those who adopted this w
d
n
to farm the la
RESERVATIONS
THE DAWES ACT
THE DAWES ACT
U.S. PERCEIVED INDIAN PERCEIVED
BENEFITS TO
LOSS TO
INDIANS
THEMSELVES
...the real aim of [the Dawes Act] is to get at
the Indians land and open it up for
resettlement..."
-Senetor Henry M. Telling
U.S. Citizenship
Loss of Indian
Independence
Ownership of Land
(land could not be
taken by train
expansion,
homesteaders or
settlers)
Have to give up
communal living and
way of live (nomadic)
Schooling for children
Takes children away
from family
Assimilation to be
Americans (Civilizing
the Indian)
Loss of cultural identity
Survival of Indians as
American people
Death of Indian as
Indian people
Answer the following questions on your graphic organizer:
1. was the reservation system a positive or negative for native americans? why?
2. Blast from the Past!!! what was the first indian removal that forced native americans westward?
3. list two benefits the u.s. felt the dawes act provided for native americans? list two losses native americans felt the dawes act brought
them?
E
E
N
K
D
E
D
N
WOU
1890
nbattle with no
t
n
ta
s
n
o
c
a
ngaged in
.
These tribes e
.
s
n
o
ti
a
0s and 1870s
6
rv
8
e
1
s
te
re
la
to
e
d
th
e
n
t
confi
ughou
refused to be
stallments thro
in
p
o
o
tr
g
Many Indians
in
k
ey
and attac
d them that th
g settlements
re
in
u
s
id
s
ra
a
,
o
s
h
n
w
ia
,
d
In
t Wovoka
Dance
to the prophe
d
e
rn
tu
d
. As the Ghost
n
e
a
c
,
n
s
a
0
D
8
t
8
s
1
o
h
te
G
ed the
in the la
d attempted to
me desperate
if they perform
n
a
s
a
c
e
t
in
b
n
la
e
x
P
u
m
e
e
io
v
th
S
o
f
e
m
o
Th
minance
us of the
ht
eir original do
were suspicio
s
th
e
ti
to
ri
o
rn
ement. In a fig
v
th
tu
o
u
re
a
m
e
ry
a
th
it
f
il
would
o
r
m
cials and
e the cente
ins, Indian offi
in had becom
b
la
a
P
c
e
e
th
s
o
t
h
p
e
w
w
s
ar hero
Bull, a Sioux w
g
n
ti
it
S
f
ie
h
c
y shot.
arrest
as accidentall
w
ll
ee.
u
B
g
n
ti
it
S
bin,
t Wounded Kn
a
a
c
s
e
p
o
th
o
e
tr
id
n
ts
a
u
c
o
y Ameri
d and
slaughtered b
re
e
w
s
n
tially conquere
ia
n
e
d
s
In
s
e
0
0
re
3
e
,
0
w
9
s
8
s Indian
ber 29, 1
nce; the Plain
ter, on Decem
ta
la
is
s
s
k
re
e
e
n
w
ia
o
d
In
Tw
lic end to
as the symbo
w
re
c
a
s
s
a
m
t decade.
This
ghout the nex
u
ro
th
s
n
o
ti
a
serv
moved into re
WOUNDED KNEE
Answer the following questions on your graphic organizer:
1. in the 1860s and 1870s, why did indian tribes engage in constant battle with non-indians?
2. What did the sioux believe would happen if they performed the ghost dance?
3. why do you think indian officials and military authorities were suspicious of the ghost dance?
4. what happened to the plains indians after the wounded knee massacre?