What is Matter?
Matter: A substance that has
mass and volume (takes up
space).
http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/lessons/Indianajennette2112003807/ThreeStatesofMatter.jpg
Matter is Made up of Atoms
Center is the
nucleus:
contains protons
and neutrons
Electrons orbit
the outside of
the nucleus
Atom
The smallest basic unit of matter
Atoms are extremely small.
1 tsp of water =
500,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms
5 x 10 23
500 sextillion
http://www.eskom.co.za/nuclear_energy/fuel/atom.jpg
Molecules
Molecules are made
up of more than one
atom. (they can be
the same or different
types)
PHASES OF MATTER
Matter can exist as 4 different phases or
states.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
All living and non-living things are made of
matter!
http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/var/sciencelearn/storage/images/contexts/icy_ecosystems/sci_media/water_molecule/21463-1-eng-NZ/water_molecule_full_size_landscape.jpg
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States of Matter
SOLID
Has a definite volume
and a definite shape.
Examples:
http://www.plasmas.org/E-4phases2.jpg
Rocks
Desk
Apple
http://www.sissa.it/main/_graphics/_pictures/condensed_matter.jpg
LIQUID
has a definite volume
but no definite shape.
GAS
Has no definite
volume and no
definite shape.
Water
Blood
Milk
Air (mixture of different
gases)
Water Vapor (water in
a gas form)
http://www.escuela2.es/sciencenglish/Sciencenglish/treasures/States%20of%20matter/gas.JPG
http://
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WAYS TO MEASURE MATTER
Plasma
Mass – the amount of
matter in an object.
Measured in grams (g)
and kilograms (kg)
Extremely hot
temperatures
Atoms have lost or
gained electrons;
which gives them a
charge and makes
them ions
Sun and Stars are in
a plasma state
Volume – The amount of
space an object takes up.
Liquids: measured in
milliliters (mL) and liters
(L)
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Solids: measured in cm
http://www.aplasmasolution.com/sun.jpg
http://www-fusion-magnetique.cea.fr/gb/fusion/principes/plasma_gb.gif
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Is There a Difference between
Mass and Weight?
YES!!!
Mass: the amount of matter in an object.
When you measure mass you are comparing a
standard unit amount to the item.
The standard unit used to measure mass is kg
and g
Weight: the amount of gravitational pull
acting on an object
Example of Mass and Weight
Difference
If you are on Earth
and then on the Moon
your mass would
measure the same.
Your weight would
change because the
gravitational pull is
different in the two
locations
Spring scale (measuring Newtons) and pounds
Volume Measurements
Volume Formula
Volume= length ● width ● height (V=lwh)
Earth
Mass same
Weight larger
Moon
Mass same
Weight smaller
Volume
Identify (I): l=40cm, w=3cm, h= 2cm
Formula (F):V=lwh
Example: A box has the length of 40 cm,
width of 3 cm , and the height of 2 cm.
Find the volume
Substitute (S):V=(40cm)(3cm)(2cm)
Math (M):V=240
Units (U): Volume= 240 cm3
Volume by Displacement
( Works with objects that fit into
your measuring container)
1. Add water to a graduated cylinder
2. Write down the initial volume
3. Submerge irregular shaped object into
cylinder
4. Measure new water level
5. Subtract the initial water level (smaller #)
from the final water level (larger #)
CHANGES IN MATTER
Matter will change
phases when heat is
added or lost.
Melting: solid to a
liquid (heat is added)
Sublimation: solid to
a gas (heat is added)
Deposition: gas to a
solid (heat is lost)
Freezing: liquid to a
solid (heat is lost)
Condensation: gas to
a liquid (heat is lost)
Ionization: (extreme
heat is added)
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Changes in the States of Matter
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