Chemistry 11
Chemistry 11
Data Booklet
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Chemistry 11
Equations
Average atomic mass:
Average atomic mass = [(%_ of _ isotope)(mass _ of _ isotope)]  [(%_ of _ isotope)(mass _ of _ isotope)]  [...]
100
Molar mass, mass, # of moles:
n
m=n∙M
m
M
M 
Number of particles, Avogadro’s constant, and # of moles:
n
N
NA
N = n ∙ NA
Percent composition:
Mass % of element = Mass of element
Mass of compound
Percent yield:
% Yield =
Actual Yield___
Theoretical Yield
Mole to mole stoichiometry:
nr = ng x
coefficent
coefficent
Gas stoichiometry:
V = n x 22.4L
mol
Concentration:
n=CV
x 100%
m
n
Chemistry 11
Table of Bonding Characteristics based on ∆Electronegativity
Bonding Type
Electronegativity
Non-polar covalent
0
Slightly polar covalent
< 0.5
Polar covalent
0.5 – 1.7
Ionic
> 1.7
Chemistry 11
Reaction Types
1: Combination/Synthesis
A
Ex. 2K

+
B
+
Cl2 
AB
2KCl
2: Decomposition
AB 
Ex. 2NaBr
A
+
B

2Na +
Br2
3: Single Displacement
AB +
C

AC +
B
Ex. NaBr +
K

KBr +
Na
2NaBr
+
F2

2NaF
+
4: Double Displacement
AB +
CD 
AD +
CB
Ex. NaCl +
KBr 
NaBr +
KCl
+

5: Combustion
CXHY
Ex. CH4 +
O2
2O2 
CO2 +
CO2 +
HOH
2HOH
Br2
Chemistry 11
Chemistry 11
Activity Series
A replacement reaction takes place when one metal replaces the other in its aqueous solution. A
rule is followed in deciding which metal can replace the one already present in an aqueous
solution. This is decided by a table of elements called the Activity series. The activity series is
a list of elements organized according to their tendency to react (their reactivity). The more
readily an element reacts with other substances, the greater is its activity.
Activity Series Chart
Elements
higher up in
the series will
replace
elements
lower in the
activity series
in a single
displacement
reaction
Example 1:
Example 2:
Cation
Reactivity
Li
Rb
K
Reacts with cold water and acids,
Ba
replacing Hydrogen;
Sr
reacts with oxygen, forming oxides.
Ca
Na
Mg
Al
Reacts with steam,
Mn
(but not cold water) and acids,
Zn
replacing hydrogen;
Cr
reacts with oxygen, forming oxides
Fe
Cd
Co
Does not react with water;
Ni
reacts with acids, replacing hydrogen;
Sn
reacts with oxygen, forming oxides.
Pb
H2
Sb
Bi
Reacts with oxygen forming oxides.
Cu
Hg
Ag
Fairly nonreactive,
Pt
forms oxides only indirectly.
Au
CuSO4 (aq) + 2 Li (s)  Cu (s) + Li2SO4 (aq)
Cu (s) + Li2SO4 (aq)  no reaction!!!
Anion
F
Cl
Br
I
Chemistry 11