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978-0-521-85254-8 - Visions of Victory: The Hopes of Eight World War II Leaders
Gerhard L. Weinberg
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INDEX
For the names of leaders who have chapters of their own, the number of the
chapter is followed by page references for information on them in other chapters.
Provinces or other portions of countries are listed under the country to which
they belonged in 1939 (except for Austria and Manchuria), while cities are listed
separately. The names used at the time are employed here even if the name of
the city or territory changed after World War II. The occasional mention of
subsequent names is to assist the reader and has no political connotation.
Abyssinia, see Ethiopia
Aden, 47
Admiralty Islands, 64
Afghanistan, 13
Alaska, 64, 218
Albania, 12, 43, 44, 105, 112, 131,
132, 202
Algeria, 14, 47, 48
Allied Control Council for Germany,
201–02
Andaman Islands, 65
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 14, 43
Angola, 14
Arabia, 47, 49
Arabs, 206, 207, 221
Argentina, 15, 207
Armia Krajowa, 118
Atlantic Charter, 86, 89, 142, 166
Atlantic Conference (1941), 185
Atlantic Ocean, 46
Atomic weapons, 131, 156, 191, 194,
228
Attlee, Clement, 2, 153 n 12
Austral Island, 64
Australia, 13, 15, 64, 74, 196
Austria, 12, 45, 105, 112, 113, 156,
195, 205, 226
Azores, 11, 261–2 n 40
Bahamas, 65
Baker Island, 64
Baltic States, 13, 24, 100–01, 103,
109–10, 114,147, 196, 223; see also
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Basutoland, 15
Bataan Death March, 73–74
Battle of the Bulge, 36
Bechuanaland, 15
Belgian Congo, 14
Belgium, 11, 31, 34, 105, 112, 142, 231
285
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286 • Index
Belorussian SSR, see under Soviet
Union
Berlin, “Germania,” 16, 25, 26, 124,
147, 182, 227
Berling, Zygmunt, 106
Bialystok, 111, 115
Borislav-Drohobych, 115
Brazaville Conference (1944), 171
Bretton Woods Conference (1944),
189–90
Brazil, 15, 207, 260 n 27
British Guiana, 65
British Honduras, 65
British North Borneo, 65
British Somaliland, 14, 43, 47, 51,
231
Brunei, 65
Bucovina, see under Romania
Bulgaria, 12, 104, 111, 129, 131, 179,
203
Burma, 65, 66, 68, 73, 82, 143
Cairo Conference (1943), 88–91,
144–45
Cameroon, 14, 173
Canada, 64, 139, 195–96, 222; Alberta,
84; British Columbia, 64; Northwest
Territory. 64; Yukon Province, 64
Caroline Islands, 63
Carpatho-Ukraine, see under
Czechoslovakia
Casablanca Conference (1943), 150,
179, 202, 260 n 22
Caucasus, 13
Ceylon, 64
Chamberlain, Neville, 2, 37–38, 137
Chesterfield Island, 64
Chiang Kai-shek, chap. 4, and pp. 4,
67–68, 123, 144, 200, 219–21, 232
Chile, 65
China, 53, 61, 62, 63, 67–68, 73, 123,
127, 131, 144–45, 185–86, 199, 200,
203, 218, 219–21, 230; Communist
Party, 68, 79, 80, 83, 92–93, 94, 105,
© Cambridge University Press
123, 199, 218, 220–21, 230;
Kuomintang, 79, 83, 91, 93, 127;
Manchu Dynasty, 80, 94; Unequal
treaties, 79–80, 83, 85, 92, 93. See
also Chiang Kai-shek
Christmas Islands, 65
Churchill, Winston S., chap. 6, and
pp. 3, 82, 88, 89, 90, 115, 118, 125,
127, 129, 164, 169, 170, 185, 186,
187, 190, 191, 192, 194, 198, 205,
224–26, 228, 231, 232, 242 n 27,
258 n 4, 262 n 42
Ciano, Galeazzo, 42, 45, 46, 51
Civil Aviation Conference (Chicago,
Nov. 1944), 190
Cocos Islands, 65
Combined Chiefs of Staff, 194
Cook Island, 64
Costa Rica, 65
Croatia, 12, 19, 37
Cuba, 65, 224
Cyprus, 44, 47
Czechoslovakia, 8, 12, 100, 105, 112,
117, 120–21, 131–32, 140, 153, 154,
197, 221, 229; Carpatho-Ukraine,
100, 105, 120–21
Dahomey, 14
Dairen, 84, 121
Damascus, 165
Danube River, 27, 103
Danzig (Gdansk), 116, 152, 181
Darlan, François-Xavier, 150
Denmark, 11, 31, 34, 105, 112, 151
Dimitrov, Georgi, 128
“Dismemberment” of Germany, 181
Dodecanese Islands, 111–12, 202
Dönitz, Karl, 37, 38
Dominica, 65
Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944),
91, 125, 159, 173, 187–88
Dunkirk, 139
Dutch East Indies, 65, 73, 105, 143
Dutch Guiana, 65
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Index • 287
Ecuador, 65
Eden, Anthony, 109–13, 129
Egypt, 14, 47, 51, 105
Ellice Islands, 64
England, see under Great Britain
Epp, Franz Ritter von, 33, 34
Eritrea, 14, 51
Estonia, 99, 102; see also Baltic States
Ethiopia (Abyssinia), 14, 43, 44,
48–49, 51, 105, 156, 202
European Advisory Council, 201
European Union, 158, 225, 232
Fiji Islands, 64
Finland, 11, 101–02, 104, 110, 119–20,
127, 131, 197
Formosa (Taiwan), 63, 84, 89, 94, 200,
220–21
France, 9, 11, 12, 34, 35, 42, 46, 47, 49,
51, 64, 65, 105, 123–24, 138, 140,
142, 148–49, 178, 192, 199, 200–25,
231, 232; Alsace, 11, 202; Brittany,
11; Burgundy, 11; Corsica, 43, 46;
Lorraine, 11, 202; Vichy regime,
34–35; see also Gaulle, Charles de
Free Germany Committee
(Nationalkomitee ‘ Freies
Deutschland’), 109
French Equatorial Africa, 14, 47, 166,
171
French Guinea, 14
French Indo-China, 61, 62, 65, 86,
142, 165, 192, 218
French Morocco, 14; Sultan of, 192,
201
French Somaliland (Djibouti), 14, 43,
47
Gambia, 14
Gaulle, Charles de, chap. 7, and pp.
88, 123, 148, 201, 202, 226–27, 230,
232
German East Africa, 14
German Southwest Africa, 15
© Cambridge University Press
Germany, 44, 51, 53, 54, 61, 62, 65, 66,
67, 71, 81, 98ff, 107ff, 112ff, 123–25,
138ff, 149ff, 158, 166ff, 173, 178ff,
199, 203–05, 211–15, 223, 225–27,
229–30, 232; Bavaria, 113, 213, 239
n 49; Brandenburg, 154;
Christianity, 23, 25, 28–29, 214;
Communists 124; Concentration
camps. 25; East Germany, 131, 147,
221; East Prussia, 110, 111, 113–16,
124, 152, 154, 181, 197; Four-Year
Plan, 30; Handicapped persons,
16–18; High Command of the
Armed Forces (OKW), 13;
Opposition to Hitler (20 July 1944),
36, 139–40, 150; Pomerania, 154;
Reichstag. 31, 36; Rhineland, 113,
166, 169; Ruhr area, 169; Saar area,
166, 170, 202, 254 n 27; Silesia, 116,
124, 154; sterilization policy, 20–21;
Totenehe (marriage to the dead),
22; West Germany, 147, 222; see also
Hitler, Adolf
Gibraltar, 12, 105
Gilbert Islands, 64
Goa, 64
Goebbels, Joseph, 29, 35, 36, 183
Gold Coast, 14, 224
Grand Mufti of Jerusalem (Haj Amin
al-Husseini), 19, 49, 171
Great Britain, 8, 9, 11, 35–36, 37, 42,
49, 51, 53, 54, 60, 64, 65, 67, 82,
83–84, 105, 107ff, 112, 114, 117,
119, 121, 126, 127–28, 163ff, 167,
168, 171, 178, 182, 185, 191, 193,
194ff, 214, 224–26, 227, 231, 232;
Conservative Party, 138, 141, 144;
Labor Party, 138. 195, 225, 226; see
also Churchill, Winston S.
Greece, 12, 44, 46, 47, 51–52, 53, 112,
121, 124, 155, 202; Crete, 12
Guam, 64
Guatemala, 65
Gypsies (Sinti, Roma), 20, 213
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288 • Index
Hainan, 63
Halifax, Lord, 138
Hangö, 101, 110, 109–20
Haiti, 65
Hamburg, 26
Harriman, Averell, 127, 164
Hawaii, 64, 218
Hay Action (Heuaktion), 21–22, 32
Helsinki, 101
Hess, Rudolf, 128
Himmler, Heinrich, 22, 32–33
Hindenburg, Paul von, 7
Hirohito, 69
Hiroshima, 131
Hitler, Adolf, chap. 1, and pp. 41, 47,
49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 61, 69, 132,
204, 211–15; Second Book, 8, 15
Holland, see Netherlands
Honduras, 65
Hong Kong, 63, 83–84, 92, 144, 192
Hopkins, Harry, 196
Howland Island, 64
Hull, Cordell, 164, 184, 187, 196, 196,
205–06, 232
Hungary, 9, 12, 19, 37, 100, 104, 112,
120–21, 129, 131, 179, 203, 221
Husseini, Haj Amin al-, see Grand
Mufti of Jerusalem
Ibn Saud, 157, 192, 206
Ichigo Offensive, 68–69, 92, 200
I.G. Farben, 30
Imphal, 68
India, 13, 28, 64, 66, 73, 87, 138, 141,
144, 159, 191–92, 224, 231; Assam
province, 65; Bengal province, 65
Indian Ocean, 14, 43, 46, 53
Indo-China, see French Indo-China
International Labor Organization, 126,
189
International Monetary Fund, 126,
189–90
Iran, 121, 199
Ireland, 11, 35
Israel, 127–28, 212–13, 224
© Cambridge University Press
Italian Somaliland, 14, 43, 51, 231
Italy, 11, 12, 13, 19, 98, 105, 112, 140,
150, 156, 166–67, 178ff, 202–03,
216–17, 225, 231, 232; Christianity,
60, 217; monarchy, 50, 202, 216–17;
South Tyrol, 12, 43, 45: Valle
d’Aosta, 166–67; see also Mussolini,
Benito
Ivory Coast, 14
Jamaica, 65, 66
Japan, 9–10, 13, 15, 28, 53, 54, 80–81,
82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 90, 92, 97–98,
105, 108, 121–22, 143, 148, 178–79,
192, 200, 203–05, 217–19, 222, 225,
230, 232; atomic bomb, 66;
“Comfort women,” 74; Diet, 62,
69–70; Greater East Asia Ministry,
60; Hokkaido, 121, 218, 222;
Honshu, 121, 218; Imperial Rule
Assistance Association, 70; Imperial
Rule Assistance Political
Association, 70; see also Tojo,
Hideki
Jews, 11, 14, 17–18, 35, 115, 128–29,
157, 171, 206–07, 212–13, 224, 225,
231, 248 n 12
Kaliningrad, see Königsberg
Katyn massacre, 106, 117
Kaya Okinori, 219
Kenya, 14, 43, 48
Kido Koichi, 61
King, William Lyons Mackenzie,
195
Kishi Nobusuke, 219
Klagenfurt, 27
Königsberg, 26, 110, 114, 154
Kohima, 68
Kohl, Helmut, 215
Koiso Kuniaki, 2
Konoye Fumimaro, 70, 81
Korea, 74, 85, 86, 89, 91, 121, 200,
205, 224, 228
Kurile Islands, 121, 198
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Index • 289
Labuan, 65
Latin America, 15, 207
Latvia, 99–100, 102; see also Baltic
States
Laval, Pierre, 34–35, 54
League of German Officers (Bund
Deutscher Offiziere), 109
League of Nations, 54, 61, 63, 125,
158, 178, 188
Lebanon, 47, 165, 171–72
Leeb, Wilhelm Ritter von, 213–14
Leeward Islands, 65
Lehman, Herbert, 189, 196
Lend-Lease Program, 195
Leningrad, 27
Libya, 14, 47, 48, 51, 166–67
Linz, 26
Lithuania, 9, 99–100, 102, 106, 108,
110; Mariampole area, 100, 102–03;
see also Baltic States, also under
Soviet Union, Lithuanian SSR
Loyalty Island, 64
Luxembourg, 11, 31–32, 34, 105, 112
Lvov, 111, 115, 131, 197
Lytton Commission, 61
Macao, 63
Macquarie Island, 64
Madagascar, 166
Main River, 27
Malaya, 65, 66, 141, 245 n 23
Manchuria (Manchoukuo), 59, 61, 63,
65, 72, 73, 80, 84, 85, 89, 98, 105,
121, 123, 127, 200; Chinese Eastern
Railway, 84; South Manchurian
Railway, 84
Mandate System, 55, 63, 142, 159,
192–93, 230
Mao Tse-tung, 85–86, 123, 221, 222;
see also China, Communist Party
Mariampole, see under Lithuania
Mariana Islands, 63, 69
Marquesas Islands, 64
Marshall Islands, 63
Matsuoka Yosuke, 10
© Cambridge University Press
Memel territory, 110, 114
Mexico, 65, 207
Middle East, 12, 13, 19, 49, 53, 83,
117, 121, 127–28, 143, 171, 212–13,
224
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 104, 112, 113,
249 n 16, 256 n 5
Mongolia, 98
Moran, Lord, 144–45
Morgenthau, Henry, 151, 154, 183,
189; Morgenthau Plan, 118, 151,
182–83, 202, 257 n 20
Moscow, 27, 132
Moscow Conference (1943), 125, 186,
187, 205
Moyne, Lord, 157
Mozambique, 14
Munich, 239 n 49
Munich Conference (1938), 9
Murmansk, 111
Mussolini, Benito, chap. 2, and pp. 3,
14, 61, 69, 103, 216–17
Namibia, see German Southwest
Africa
Narvik, 102
Nauru, 64
Netherlands, 24, 31, 34, 60, 82, 105,
112, 142, 151, 192, 231
New Britain, 64
New Caledonia, 64, 171
New Guinea, 64
New Hebrides, 64, 232
New Ireland, 64
New Zealand, 13, 15–16, 64, 74, 196,
216
Nice, 46
Nicaragua, 65
Nicobar Islands, 65
Nigeria, 14
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO), 215, 222
Northern Rhodesia, 14
Norway, 11, 24, 31, 34, 102, 105, 110,
112, 199
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290 • Index
Ocean Island, 64
Oder River, Oder-Neisse Line, 27, 113,
116, 118–19, 124, 154, 183
Outer Mongolia, 85, 121
Pakistan, 13
Palestine, 19, 47, 128–29, 143, 157,
160, 206–07, 212–13, 225, 231
Paracel Islands, 63
Paris Peace Conference (1919), 42, 55,
215; see also Versailles, Treaty of
Pentagon Building, 208
Perkins, Frances, 209
Peru, 65
Pescadores Islands, 84
Pétain, Henri-Philippe, 34–35
Petsamo, 101–02, 110–11, 119–20
Philby Plan, 157, 206
Philippines, 63, 66, 191
Phoenix Islands, 64
Poland, 9, 13, 17, 32–33, 37, 99–100,
103, 106–07, 108, 110–19, 129, 131,
140, 152–55, 167, 181, 197, 223,
248 n 12
Porkkala, 110, 120, 221
Port Arthur, 84, 121
Portugal, 11, 14, 53, 63, 64, 65, 231
Quebec Conference (1943), 187
Quebec Conference (1944), 151
Rain Islands, 64
Raskova, Marina, 132
Remagen bridge, 37
Reparations, 87, 124, 127, 132,
154–55, 169
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 104
Romania, 12, 52, 103, 104, 105, 111,
112, 129, 131, 179, 197, 203;
Bucovina, 103
Rommel, Erwin, 51
Roosevelt, Franklin D., chap. 8, and
pp. 4, 82, 85, 86, 87, 88ff, 99, 115,
118, 127, 130–31, 142, 144–45,
146–47, 148, 149, 151, 158, 159,
© Cambridge University Press
164, 169, 170, 172, 227–33; Eleanor,
209
Ruanda-Urundi, 231
Russia, see Soviet Union
Rybachi Peninsula, 101
Ryukyu Islands, 84
Saipan, 69
Sakhalin, 121, 197
Samoa Islands, 64
San Francisco Conference (1945), 91,
92, 173, 188, 193
San Salvador, 65
Santa Cruz Archipelago, 64
Sarawak, 65
Saudi Arabia, 157
Senegal, 14
Senussi rebellion, 48
Seychelles, 43
Shanghai, 68
Siberia, 13, 62
Sikorski, Wladislav, 113
Singapore, 9, 10, 73–74, 143
Slovakia, 12, 100, 120
Society Islands, 64
Socotra, 47
Solomon Islands, 64
South Atlantic, 14
South Tyrol, see under Italy
Soviet Union, 9, 10, 18, 35, 36, 37, 52,
54, 61, 62, 66–67, 72, 81, 82, 84, 85,
141, 145–48, 152ff, 159, 164, 167–8,
174, 178, 181, 185, 188, 190, 196ff,
204, 215, 221–24, 227, 229, 230;
Belorussian SSR, 99, 126;
Chechnya, 226; Lithuanian SSR,
110, 114; Ukrainian SSR, 99, 115,
120, 126; see also Stalin, Josef
Spain, 11, 12, 14, 44, 98, 105, 140,
231
Speer, Albert, 25, 26, 27
Stalin, Josef, chap. 5, and pp. 3–4, 81,
88, 139, 146ff, 153, 155, 183,
186–88, 190, 194, 198, 205, 221–24,
230, 232, 235 n 2
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Index • 291
Stalingrad, 52
Stettin (Szczecin), 114, 116,
154
Stettinnius, Edward R., Jr., 207
St. Pierre and Miquelon, 164
Sudan, see Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Suez Canal, 157
Sun Fo, 246 n 26
Sun Yat-sen, 79, 86, 93
Suzuki Kantaro, 2
Swaziland, 15
Sweden, 11, 24
Switzerland, 11, 34, 43, 53
Syria, 47, 112, 148, 165, 171–2
Szálasi, Ferenc, 54
Taiwan, see Formosa
Tasmania, 64, 65
Teheran Conference (1943), 88, 153,
187
Thailand (Siam), 65, 66, 85, 143–44,
165; Kra Peninsula, 143–4;
Thailand-Burma Railway, 74
Tilsit (Sovietsk), 110
Timor, 65, 261–62 n 40
Tito (Marshal), 216, 223
Todt, Fritz, 27
Togo, 14
Tojo Hideki, chap. 3, and pp. 3,
217–19
Tonga, 64
Trieste, 12, 43, 216
Trinidad, 65
Tripartite Pact, 103, 107, 129–30
Trondheim, 26–27
Truman, Harry S., 2, 90, 147, 166–67,
193, 203, 206, 230
Trusteeship Council and concept, 141,
159, 192–93, 230–31
Tuamotu Islands, 64
Tunisia, 14, 43, 47, 48
Turkey, 12, 44, 104, 111–12, 121, 165
Ugaki Matome, 60–1,
Uganda, 14
© Cambridge University Press
Ukraine, see under Soviet Union
Unconditional Surrender, 124, 150,
178–80, 183, 202
Union of South Africa, 14, 48
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
see Soviet Union
United Nations Organization, 91, 92,
93, 125–27, 131, 148, 158–59, 173,
179, 184ff, 207, 215, 223, 225, 226,
228, 231
United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization, 189
United Nations Relief and
Rehabilitation Administration, 189
United States of America, 9, 10, 13,
15, 35, 36, 37, 52, 54, 60, 67, 68, 69,
74, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 107ff, 113,
114, 119, 125, 126, 127–31, 142,
145, 158, 164, 167, 168, 222, 225,
227; African-Americans, 209, 228;
Democratic Party, 178, 188;
Department of State, 184; GI Bill,
208, 228; Republican Party, 188;
Senate, 228; Washington (state), 64;
women, 209, 228; see also Roosevelt,
Franklin D.
Valle d’Aosta, see under Italy
Vanuatu, see New Hebrides
Vatican, 49, 50
Venezuela, 65
Versailles, Treaty of, 152, 168–69,
180–81
Vienna, 27, 239 n 46
Vietnam, 224, see also French
Indo-China
Vladivostok, 28
Vistula River, 117
Wagner, Eduard, 265 n 3
Wake Island, 64
Wang Ching-wei, 63, 67–68, 73,
83
War Criminals issue, 87, 156, 205–06,
230
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Warsaw Uprising (1944), 117–16,
119
Weitzmann, Chaim, 206
Welles, Sumner, 185, 186
Western Hemisphere, 15, 48,
53, 74; see also individual
countries
Willkie, Wendell, 87
World Bank, 126, 131
Wuhan, 81
© Cambridge University Press
Yalta Conference (1945), 123–24, 126,
149, 155, 164, 188, 197, 198, 200,
201, 206, 229
Yamamoto Isoroku, 60
Yenisei River, 13
Yugoslavia, 12, 18, 42, 44, 46, 47, 52,
53, 111, 112, 129, 131, 132, 205,
216, 223
Zionism, 128–29, 157, 206–07
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