Restoration Colonies
Chapter 3
The British Empire
in America
 King
Charles II
 Carolina – 1663
 New Jersey – 1664
 New York – 1664
 Pennsylvania - 1681
Pennsylvania
The Carolinas
 North
Carolina – poor, outcasts
 South Carolina – migrants from
West Indies
rice
 slaves – 2/3 population by 1740

 William

Penn – Quakers
“Holy Experiment”
 Indians
treated well
 religious freedom
 diverse population
Mercantilism
 colonists
- raw materials, ag
products
 Navigation Acts – 1650-1750
 sugar, tobacco – England only
 Europe goods through England
 Revenue
Act of 1673
“plantation duty”
 customs officials

 Mercantilism
– political control
1
Dominion of New England
 Mass.
charter revoked – 1684
 James II took throne
 Dominion of New England created

Sir Edmund Andros
Glorious Revolution
 William

and Mary - 1689
constitutional monarchy
 John
Locke
Two treatises on Government
 consent of the governed

Colonial Uprisings
 Dom.
of N.E. ended
 MA – Andros back to Eng.
 Maryland – protestants resented
taxes by Catholic leaders
 Goal: restore local authority
 salutary neglect
Imperial Wars
 France/England
 Queen
(1689-1815)
Anne’s War (1702-1713)
War of Spanish Succession
 Britain vs. France & Spain

 Iroquois
– “aggressive neutrality”
 Creek – attacked FL

revolt in 1715
 many

joined French
Mohawks
2
 Treaty

of Utrecht – 1713
Britain acquired land in Canada &
Gibraltar
South Atlantic System
 Growth
of Sugar
 West Indies
British colonists
 “rich man’s crop”

 Adam
Impact on Europe
 Navigation
Acts
 Royal African Company
 trade/shipbuilding
Smith – “most profitable crop”
African Slave Trade
 11
million Africans
 tribal warfare
 social status
Middle Passage
1
month
 overcrowding
 disease
 death toll – 15-20%
 revolts – over 2000
3
Chesapeake Slavery
 Bacon’s
Rebellion
 tobacco
 1720
– 20% of population
 better conditions than other places
 longer lives
 female slaves – children
South Carolina
 more
oppressive
 rice
 mosquitoes
 1705
– more slaves than whites
Blending Cultures
 planters
preferred diversity
 family ties

passed along traditions
 tried
Slave Life
 no
education
 living quarters terrible
 no days off
 severe punishment
to keep African heritage
Resistance
 work
slowly
 steal from master, sabotage
 run away
 attempt to kill master
 revolt
4
Aristocracy
Stono Rebellion
 1739
– South Carolina
 FL promised freedom
 slaves killed whites
 militia killed most rebels
 more discipline
 William

treated poorly in England – status
 gentility

large homes, sons to London
 tried
Northern Economy
 Triangular
Trade
Byrd II
to treat poor people well
Northern Economy
 food
shipped to W. Indies, South
 lumber/shipbuilding
 diversified agriculture
 rum – molasses
 fishing
Colonial Assemblies
 governors’
Politics of Empire
salaries not paid
 taxes, appointments
 led by aristocracy

passed through families
 John
Peter Zenger case – NY
5
Georgia - 1732
Salutary Neglect
 relaxed
supervision by the crown
 more focus on defense and trade
 Sir
Robert Walpole
 protect SC from Spain
 refuge for Britain’s poor
War of Jenkins' Ear
 1739-1748
 War
of Austrian Succession
 Fort Louisbourg captured by militia
 returned to French after war

Economic Controls
 Navigation
Acts
 colonial shipping

merchants gained control of
transatlantic trade
colonists furious
 land
 Molasses
Act – 1733
allowed trade with F. West Indies
 high tariff


ignored – high prices
colonial assemblies
• printed currency

• protect British sugar trade
banks

merchants - accept worthless $
 Currency

Act – 1751
no new banks or currency
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Weakened Authority
British Prosperity
 mercantilism
 warfare
against European rivals
 forced slave labor
 internal

unrest
Glorious Revolution
 salutary
neglect
 threat of self-government
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