UW CHEM 120 Ch. 8-­‐10 Study Guide Tips for Success on Exams:
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Show ALL YOUR WORK when solving numerical problems.
ALWAYS express any numerical value with units and significant figures. This includes
intermediate values in calculations!
Be able to discriminate between necessary and extraneous information in a word problem.
Chapter 8 – Solutions
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Understand what solutions are and how they are formed
Know how to distinguish the solute from the solvent when a solution is described
Understand the influence of polarity on solubility (like dissolves like!)
Understand why electrolytes conduct electricity and the difference between strong electrolytes,
weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes
Understand saturation and the properties of a saturated solution
Know the influence of temperature and pressure on the solubility of solids, liquids, and gases in
liquid solvents
Be able to predict whether a chemical reaction will happen or not (you will be provided with charts
of soluble/insoluble ions, the activity series, or other important data, but you must know how to
use them)
Be able to write ionic and net ionic equations for chemical reactions
Know how to calculate the concentration of a solution (4 ways, see pp. 312-316 for more info)
Use the concentration of a solution to calculate the amount of solute, or the volume of a solution
Understand the concept of dilution
Calculate the concentration or volume of a solution being diluted (C1V1 = C2V2, p.319-321)
Use the concentration of a solution to determine the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction
Know the similarities and differences in general properties of solutions, colloids, and suspensions
Understand the influence of concentration on the boiling point and melting point of a solution (and
the different effects of electrolyte versus nonelectrolyte solutes)
Use the concept of osmotic pressure to determine which direction solvent will flow when two
solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane
Chapter 9 – Reaction Rates & Chemical Equilibrium
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Understand the concept of reaction rate
Know how to describe chemical reactions using potential energy diagrams, including drawing the
curves for reactions with and without catalysts
Be able to draw the following terms in the correct place on a potential energy diagram: reactants,
products, activation energy, energy difference between reactants and products
Use collision theory to predict how changes in temperature, pressure, or concentration will affect
the reaction rate
Know the difference between reversible and irreversible reactions
Understand the concept of chemical equilibrium
Know how the concentrations of reactants and products as well as the forward and reverse
reaction rates change as a system approaches equilibrium
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CHEM 120 Use equilibrium constants to describe reversible reactions
Be able to write equilibrium expressions for homogeneous and heterogeneous systems
Calculate the equilibrium constant for a reaction, when given the concentration of reactants &
products, and be able to calculate the concentration of a reactant or product when given the
concentrations of other reactants/products and the equilibrium constant
Know the qualitative difference between small and large equilibrium constants
Use Le Chatelier’s principle to predict the changes in reaction rate when a system at equilibrium
is subjected to stress, including changes in temperature, pressure, or concentrations of
reactants/products
Understand the influence of a catalyst on chemical equilibrium
Chapter 10 – Acids & Bases
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Know the Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry definitions of acids and bases
Be able to recognize acids and bases in a completed chemical reaction
Know the name and formula of the strong acids HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4
Understand the concept of conjugate acid-base pairs and be able to recognize conjugate acidbase pairs in chemical reactions
When given an acid or base, be able to write the conjugate base or conjugate acid, respectively
Know how to write the acid dissociation expression for weak acids (this is almost exactly the
same as the equilibrium constants that we learned about in chapter 9)
Know the strong bases LiOH, NaOH, and KOH
Understand the relationship between acid strength and acid dissociation constant
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Know the relationship between [H3O ] and [OH ]
Understand the pH scale
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Know how to calculate pH from [H3O ] and vice versa
Remember, sig figs are treated a little differently in pH calculations!
Be able to write neutralization reactions for acids or bases
Understand how buffers regulate pH
Understand the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer that is present in human blood. Know where
these chemicals come from…
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