ded Chapter 6, on de~el­
re were 37 in the previoUS
• on logic. The resea~ch
otes that point to specIfic
itor-written articles have
PERPUSTAKAAN
BERNAMA
CONTENTS
twO aims: to improve the
increase its value and usepie-colleagues, teachers,
us their perceptions ~f hoW
counsel has been IRvalu-
iii
Preface
Thematic Table of Contents
part 1
one
XIU
Prewriting
What Do You Mean by Rhetoric?
3
advice
The Transaction / William Zinsser
3
discussion
Rhetoric / John E. Jordan
5
examples
Letter to His Wife / Charles Dickem
9
I Have a Dream / Martin Luther King, Jr.
11
Getting a Hook into the Meaning of Life / George F. Will
Eulogy to Anwar Sadat I Ronald Reagan
18
two
What Should I Soundl like?
15
20
model
I Am Tired of Fighting
I
Chief Joseph of the
ez Perce
20
advice
"Voice" as Self-Discovery
I
J. A. Scharbach and Carl Margarf
21
v
~---------
vi
CONTENTS
examples
from Last Speech to the Court / Bartolomeo Vanzetti
Salvation / Langston Hughes
27
Why I Went to the Woods / Henry David Thoreau
The Viper / . Ticanor Parra
Tramlated bJ' W. S. Merwin
35
three
What's a Thesis?
25
30
39
model
from
from
from
from
from
. .. I Am Not Free / Arthur r. Waskow
39
The Bright Girl's Dilemma / Mirra Komarovsky
39
The Quiet Revolution / David Boroff
40
The Myth of Mental Illness / Thomas S. Szasz
40
Why Do Marriages Fail? I J. Louise Despert, M.D.
41
advice
The Thesis / Sheridan Baker
41
discussion
The Controlling Concept / Harry Crosby and George Estey
44
examples
Getling a Big Bang Out of Creation Theories / Noel Riley, S.M.
The Method of Scientific Investigation / T. H. Huxley
50
How the Superwoman Myth Puts Women Down / Sylvia Rabiner
A Man of Letters / Richard Selzer
58
60
A Good Man Is Hard to Find / Flannery O'Connor
Barter / Sara Teasdale
73
four
How Do I Organize?
75
model
My Wood / E. M. Forster
75
advice
How to Write Clearly / Edward T. Thompson
79
discussion
Take This Fish and Look at It / Samuel H. Scudder
examples
Preventing 1 uclear War / Roger Fisher
86
82
47
54
CONTENTS
The Rape of the Foot / Vic Zicgel and Lewis Grossberger
96
]00
from The Marks of an Educated Man / Alan Simpson
The Catbird Seat / James Tburber
106
That Time of Year (Sonnet 73) / William Shakespeare
114
25
nzetti
30
eau
part 2
five
Writing
How Do I Get from Outline to Paragraph?
119
model
39
39
arovsky
40
. Szasz
from Americans / Stephen Leacock
40
espert. M.D.
119
advice
41
Writing Successful Paragraphs / A. M. Tibbetts and Charlene
Tibbetts
121
discussion
The Function of the Paragraph / Richard M. Weaver
44
d George Estey
J Noel Riley. S.M.
H. Huxley
50 .
own J Sylvia Rabmer
'Connor
124
examples
47
54
Paragraph with Topic Sentence at the Beginning
from The Lessons of the Past / Edith Hamilton
125
Pain / Somerset Maugham
126
The Political Causes of the Decay of Rome / Will Durant
]27
Paragraphs with Topic Senrence at the End
Man Against Darkness / W. T. Stace
129
What Is a Poet? / Mark Van Doren
130
On Disease / Lewis Thomas
131
The Flood / Robert Frost
132
60
six
What's the Best Way of Following Through?
134
model
Patterns of Development for the Subject "Guilt" / The Editors
79
pson
advice
H. Scudder
82
A Note on Pattern Writing / Aurelia Tolde
NARRATION
86
Advice: How to Write a
arration
142
137
134
vii
viii
CONTENTS
examples
145
R.M.S. Titanic / Hanson W. Baldwin
158
A Debt to Dicken / Pearl S. Buck
We're Poor / Floyd Dell
162
The Od ur of heese / Jerome K. Jerome
165
169
Those Winter Sundays / Robert Hayden
DESCRIPTION
dvice: How to Write a Description
170
examples
The Kitchen I Alfred Kazin
171
e Libido for the gly I H. L. Mcncken
Hell I James Joyce
180
A Worn Path / Eudora Welty
183
Pigeon Woman / May Swen on
190
176
EXAMPLE
dvice: How to Write with Examples
192
examples
The Eskimo Mentality / GontIan de Poncins
195
Farewell, My
lovely / Caskie Stinnett
199
"Mirror. 1irror on the Wall .. ." I John Leo
203
Coincidences I lexander Black
206
"The Ancient and Legendary Gods of Old" / Carl Sagan
209
DEFINITION
Advice: How to Write a Definition
212
examples
On Liberal Knowledge I John Henry Newman
214
Kitsch / ilbert Highet
21 7
Jerk an't See Himself a Others Do / Sidney J. Harris
The Concept of ulture / Clyde Kluckhohn
226
Ars Poetica / Archibald MacLeish
233
224
COMPARISON / CONTRAST
Advice: How to Write a Comparison or Contrast
235
examples
from
on ervati m and Liberalism / Ralph Waldo Emerson
Grant and Lee:
Study in Contrasts / Bruce Catton
239
Hebraism and Helleni m / Matthew Arnold
242
The Prisoner's Dilemma / Stephen Chapman
245
236
CONT
The War Prayer / Mark Twain
252
Education / E. B. White
256
Diogenes and Alexander / Gilbert Highet
Curiosity / Alastair Reid
264
oms i"
259
DIVISION AND CLASSIFICATION
266
Advice: How to Write a Division and Classification
examples
267
The Door-Opening Ceremony / Lamel Richardson
Some American Types I Max Lerner
271
Thinking as a Hobby I William Golding
274
Kinds of Discipline / John Holt
281
The Idols / rancis Bacon
284
Death & Co. / Sylvja Plath
287
176
CAUSAL ANALYSIS
Advice: How La \\lritc a Causal Analysis
289
examples
from The nbappy American Way / Bertrand Russell
291
War as a Biological Phenomenon / Julian Huxley
294
Television: More Deeply Than We Suspect. It Has Changed AU of
302
Danlel J. Boorstin
Pain Is Not the Ultimate Enemy / orman Cousins
307
The Satisfaction of Life / H. L. encken
313
Flowering Judas / Kat herine Anne Porter
316
Design / Robert Frost
326
195
199
203
/ Carl Sagan
209
seven
SEMANTICS
329
model
214
idney J. Harris
n
226
What's the Right Word?
224
The Semantic Ideal Illustrated / Kenneth Burke
329
advice
3
A Brief Lexicon of Jargon / Richard K. Redfern
330
discussion
23S
ph Waldo Emerson
ruce Catton
239
old
242
man
245
Politics and the English Language / George Orwell
Baffle-Gab Thesaurus / Time
344
236
examples
A Semantic Parable / S. 1. Hayakawa
345
Shakespeare in the Bush / Laura Bohannan
351
334
/
"
CONTENTS
The Brute / Anton Chekhov
Translated by Eric Bentley
361
Threes / Carl Sandburg
373
eight
Why Doesn't It Make Sense?
375
advice
Obstacles to Clear Thinking / Richard D. Altick
375
discussion
Introduction to Logic / John C. Sherwood
383
examples
On Being Crazy / W. E. B. Du Bois
388
Why I Am an Agnostic / Clarence Darrow
390
A Modest Proposal/Jonathan Swift
396
403
It's Time to Ban Handguns / Lance Morrow
An Argument Against Payment of Salaries to Executive Officers of the
Federal Government / Benjamin Franklin
406
Drugs / Gore Vidal
410
413
The Efficacy of Prayer / c. S. Lewis
418
Dooley Is a Traitor / James Michie
nine
How Do I Polish the Finish?
422
model
Lincoln's Revision of His First Inaugural Address
422
advice
Tips for Increasing Your Readability / John R. Trimble
423
discussion
What Is Style? / F. L. Lucas
427
examples
Of the Grand Style
On the nhappiness of Married People (Rambler
Johnson
436
Of the Poetic Style
Who Is Man? / Loren Eiseley
440
Of the Modern Style
Shooting an Elephant / George Orwell
443
o. 18) / Samuel
CONTENTS
part 3
ten
xi
Special Assignments
The Research Paper
453
model: annotated research paper
75
The Bilingually Handicapped Child / Elynor Baughman
advice
375
tick
455
The Research Paper / B. L. Smith
484
discussion
383
486
The Unknown Citizen / W. H. Auden
example
8
Visions of an Afterlife / Dina Ingber
390
403
to Executive Officers of the
n
eleven
Writing About Literature
488
499
advice
406
How to Write a Paper About Literature / The Editors
499
discussion
How Do You Know It's Good? / Marya Mannes
503
examples
Address
(of a book review) Doing Oneself In / W. H. Auden
509
(of a play review) Bunyan and Shakespeare / George Bernard
Shaw
514
(of a movie review) At Last, Kate and Hank! / Richard Schickel
422
obn R. Trimble
423
twelve
Writing for" the Sciences
518
523
advice
The Seven Sins of Technical Writing / Morris Freedman
523
discussion
Ie (Rambler No. 18) / Samuel
Sociological Habit Patterns in Linguistic Transmogrification / Malcolm
Cowley
531
On Looking at Stubbs's Anatomy of the Horse / Edward LucieSmith
536
example
ell
443
Why Women Live Longer / Paula Dranov
538
xii
CONTENTS
thirteen
Writing Reports
543
advice
The Language of Reports / S. I. Hayakawa
543
examples
A Hanging I George Orwell
Auto Wreck / Karl Shapiro
appendix
553
558
The Five Hundred Word Theme: Some Annotated
561
Student Examples
narration
Ant Kingdoms
563
description
Gone With the Wind
568
example
Handsome Is as Handsome Does
570
definition
What Is Credibility?
573
comparison I contrast
The Darling and the Despot
577
division / classification
Books That Changed My World
581
causal analysis
Why Do American Men Like to Watch Football on Television?
argument
The Inefficient Postal Service
Index
601
591
586
THEMATIC TABLE OF CONTENTS
543
Some Annotated
Science
I Thomas S. Szasz (paragraphs)
40
The Method of Scientific Investigation I T. H. Huxley (ar/ide)
50
Take This Fish and Look at It / Samuel H. Scudder (arlicle)
82
On Disease I Lewis Thomas. M.D. (paragraph)
J 31
294
War as a Biological Phenomenon / Julian Huxley (artie/e)
307
Pain Is Not the Ultimate Enemy I Norman Cousins (article)
Who Is Man? / Loren Eiseley (arlie/e)
440
Visions of an Afterlife I Dina Ingber (article)
488
Sociological Habit Patterns in Linguistic Transmogrification / Malcolm
531
Cowley (article)
On Looking at Stubbs's Anatomy of the Horse / Edward Lucie-Smith
(poem)
536
538
Why Women Live Longer / Paula Dranov (arlicle)
from The Myth of Mental Illness
Lmguage
ball on Television?
586
The Transaction I William Zinsser (article)
3
Rhetoric I John E. Jordan (article)
5
"Voice" as Self-Discovery I J. A. Scharbach and Carl Margarf
(artic/e)
21
The Thesis / Sheridan Baker (article)
41
The Controlling Concept / Harry Crosby and George Estey (artic/e)
44
How to Write Clearly / Edward T. Thompson (article)
79
Writing Successful Paragraphs I A. M. Tibbetts and Charlene Tibbetts
(article)
12)
The Function of the Paragraph / Richard M. Weaver (excerpt from
book)
124
Patterns of Development for the Subject "Guilt" / The Editors
(paragraphs)
134
xiii
xiv
THEMATIC TABLE OF CONTENTS
A Note on Pattern Writing I Aurelia Tolde (article)
137
The Semantic Ideal Illustrated / Kenneth Burke (article)
329
A Brief Lexicon of Jargon / Richard K. Redfern (artie/e)
330
Politics and the English Language I George Orwell (article)
334
Baffle-Gab Thesaurus / Time (fragment)
344
A Semantic Parable / S. 1. Hayakawa (parable)
345
Tips for Increasing Your Readability / John R. Trimble (excerpt from
book)
423
What Is Style? / F. L. Lucas (article)
427
The Seven Sins of Technical Writing / Morris Freedman (article)
523
The Language of Reports / S. I. Hayakawa (article)
543
Man and Woman
Letter to His Wife I Charles Dickens (letter)
9
Eulogy for Anwar Sadat I President Ronald Reagan (speech)
18
The Viper / Nicanor Parra (poem)
35
How the Superwoman Myth Puts Women Down / Sylvia Rabiner
(article)
54
The Catbird Seat / James Thurber (story)
106
R.M.S. Titanic / Hanson W. Baldwin (article)
145
Flowering Judas / Katherine Anne Porter (story)
316
The Brute / Aoton Chekhov (pia})
361
On the Unhappiness of Married People / Samuel Johnson (article)
436
American Values
] Am Tired of Fighting / Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce (speech)
20
Why I Went to the Woods / Henry David Thoreau (excerpt from
essay)
30
A Good Man Is Hard to Find / Flannery O'Connor (STOry)
60
Preventing "uclear War I Roger Fisher (article)
86
The Rape of the Foot / Vic liegel and Lewis Grossberger (excerpt from
book)
96
from Americans / Stephen Leacock (paragraph)
119
The Kitchen / Alfred Kazin (story)
171
"Mirror Mirror on the Wall .. ." / John Leo (article)
203
from Conservatism and Liberalism I Ralph Waldo Emerson
(article)
237
The Door-Opening Ceremony / Laurel Richardson (article)
267
Some American Types / Max Lerner (article)
271
from The Unhappy American Way / Bertrand RusseU (excerpt from
article)
291
An Argument Against Payment of Salaries to Executive Officers of the
Federal Government / Benjamin Franklin (speech)
406
THEMATIC TABLE OF CONTENTS
Education
Ie)
137
329
(article)
3.30
(article)
334
ell (article)
from The Marks of an Educated Man / Alan Simpson (excerpt from
100
article)
214
On Liberal Knowledge / John Henry ewman (article)
226
The Concept of Culture / Clyde Kluckbohn (article)
Education / E. B. White (arlicle)
256
Kinds of Discipline / John Holt (article)
281
The Bilingually Handicapped Child / Elynor Baughman (research
345
Trimble (excerpt from
523
reedman (article)
tic/e)
xv
paper)
455
The Research Paper / B. L. Smith
484
543
Literature and the Arts
9
eagan (speech)
130
What Is a Poet? / Mark Van Doren (paragraph)
A Debt to Dickens / Pearl S. Buck (arlicle)
158
Kitsch / Gilbert Highet (article)
217
Ars Poetica / Archibald MacLeish (poem)
233
Shakespeare in the Bush I Laura Bohannan (arlicle)
351
499
How to Write a Paper About Literature I The Editors farticle)
How Do You Know It's Good? / Marya Mannes (article)
503
Doing Oneself In / W. H. Auden (book review)
509
514
Bunyan and Shakespeare / George Bernard Shaw (play review)
518
At Last. Kate and Hank! I Rjcbard Schickel (movie review)
\8
n / Sylvia Rabiner
uel Johnson (artic/e)
436
Philosophy and Religion
ez Perce (speech)
oreau (excerpt from
Connor (story)
tic/e)
20
60
86
is Grossberger (excerpt from
1\9
hardson (arrie/e!
267
ele)
271
rand Russell (excerpt from
to Executive Officers of the
'n (speech)
406
Getting a Hook into the Meaning of Life / George F. Will (article)
15
Salvation / Langston Hughes (slOr}')
27
Getting a Big-Bang Out of Creation Theories I Noel Riley (article)
47
Barter / Sara Teasdale (poem)
73
My Wood / E. M. Forster (article)
75
That Time of Year (Sonnet 73) I William Shakespeare (poem)
114
from The Lessons of the Past I Edith Hamilton (paragraph)
125
The Political Causes of the Decay of Rome I Will Durant
(paragraph)
127
Man Against Darkness / W. T. Stace (paragraph)
129
Hell / James Joyce (excerpt from novel)
180
Hebraism and Hellenism / Matthew Arnold (article)
242
Death & Co. / Sylvia Plath (poem)
287
The Satisfaction of Life I H. L. Mencken (letter)
313
Design / Robert Frost (poem)
326
Threes / Carl Sandburg (poem)
373
Why I Am an Agnostic I Clarence Darrow (speech)
390
The Efficacy of Prayer /
S. Lewis (article)
413
Auto Wreck I Karl Shapiro (poem)
558
c.
xvi
THEMATlC TABLE OF CONTENTS
Thinking
Thinking as a Hobby / William Golding (arricle)
274
The Idol / Franci Bacon (article)
284
Obstacl to lear Thinking I Richard D. Altick (article)
Introduction to Logic I John C. Sherwood (article)
383
On Being Crazy I W. E. B. Du Boi: (story)
388
375
SociaJ Problems
11
[ Have a Dream / Martin Luther King, .Ir. (speech)
. .. I Am ot Free / Arthur 1. Waskow (fragmenl)
39
The Bright Girl" Dilemma I Mirra Komarovsky (paragraph)
39
The Quiet Revolution I David BorofT (paragraph)
40
Why Do Marriages Fail? / J. Louise Despert. M.D. !fragment)
41
Pain I Somerset Maugham (paragraph)
126
The lood I Robert Frost (poem)
132
We re Poor / Floyd Dell (excerpt from autohiography)
162
The Libido for the 'gly / H. L. Mencken (arlicle)
L76
FarewelL My Unlovely / Caskie Stinnett (article)
199
The Prisoner's Dilemma I Stephen Chapman (article)
245
The War Prayer /
ark Twain (story)
252
Television: More Deeply Than We Suspect, It Has Changed All of Us /
Daniell. B rstin (article)
302
A Modest Proposal/Jonathan S\,..-ift (article)
396
It
ime to Ban Handgun / Lance Morrow (arlicle)
403
Drugs I Gore Vidal (article)
410
Shooting an Elephant / George Orwell (article)
443
The Unknown Citizen / W. H. Auden (poem)
486
A Hanging / George Orwell (article)
553
from
from
from
from
Portrait of the Individual
I Bartolomeo Vanzetti (speech
25
A Man of Letters / Richard elzer (excerpt from book)
58
The Odour of Cheese / Jerome K. Jerome (story)
165
Those Winter Sundays / Robert Ha den (poem)
169
A Worn Path I Eudora Welty (story)
183
Pigeon Woman / May Swenson (poern)
190
The Eskimo Mentality / Gontran de Poncins (slory)
195
oincidcnces I Alexander Black (arricle)
206
A Jerk Can't See Himself a. Others Do / Sidney J. Harris (article)
224
Grant and Lee: A Study in ontrasts / Bruce Catton (arlicle)
239
iogene and Alexander / Gilbert Highet (article)
259
urio ity / Ala tair Reid (poem)
264
Dooley Is a Traitor I James Michie (poem)
418
from Last Speech to the Court