2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey
High School Level Summary Report
Prepared by:
ETR Associates
Prepared for:
San Francisco Unified School District
School Health Programs Department
1515 Quintara Street
San Francisco, CA 94116
September, 2008
Table of Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 6
Overview ............................................................................................................................ 6
Methods.............................................................................................................................. 7
Data Collection and Sampling .........................................................................................7
Response Rate..................................................................................................................7
Analytic Methods.............................................................................................................7
Sample Description..........................................................................................................8
Behaviors That Contribute to Unintentional Injuries................................................... 9
Seat Belt Use....................................................................................................................9
Bicycle Helmet Use .........................................................................................................9
Rode with a Driver Who Had Been Drinking Alcohol..................................................10
Drove When Drinking Alcohol......................................................................................10
Changes over Time ........................................................................................................11
Behaviors That Contribute to Violence ........................................................................ 12
Victim of Verbal Slur-Race ...........................................................................................13
Victim of Verbal Slur-Weight, Size, or Physical Appearance.......................................13
Carried a Weapon ..........................................................................................................13
Carried a Gun.................................................................................................................14
In a Physical Fight .........................................................................................................14
Injured in a Physical Fight .............................................................................................15
Dating Violence .............................................................................................................15
Forced to Have Sexual Intercourse ................................................................................16
Carried a Weapon on School Property...........................................................................16
Threatened or Injured with a Weapon on School Property............................................16
In a Physical Fight on School Property..........................................................................17
Did Not Go to School Because of Safety Concerns ......................................................17
Had Property Stolen or Damaged on School Property ..................................................18
Felt Sad or Hopeless ......................................................................................................18
Seriously Considered Attempting Suicide .....................................................................19
Made a Suicide Plan.......................................................................................................19
Attempted Suicide..........................................................................................................19
Suicide Attempt Treated by a Doctor or Nurse .............................................................20
Changes over Time ........................................................................................................20
Tobacco Use..................................................................................................................... 22
Lifetime Cigarette Use...................................................................................................22
Lifetime Daily Cigarette Use .........................................................................................23
Current Cigarette Use ....................................................................................................23
Current Frequent Cigarette Use .....................................................................................23
Smoked >10 Cigarettes/Day ..........................................................................................24
Tried to Quit Smoking Cigarettes ..................................................................................24
Bought Cigarettes in a Store or Gas Station ..................................................................24
Changes over Time ........................................................................................................25
Alcohol Use ...................................................................................................................... 26
2
Lifetime Alcohol Use.....................................................................................................26
Current Alcohol Use ......................................................................................................26
Episodic Heavy Drinking...............................................................................................27
Changes over Time ........................................................................................................27
Other Drug Use ............................................................................................................... 28
Lifetime Marijuana Use .................................................................................................28
Current Marijuana Use...................................................................................................28
Lifetime Cocaine Use ....................................................................................................29
Lifetime Illegal Injection Drug Use...............................................................................29
Lifetime Illegal Steroid Use...........................................................................................30
Lifetime Heroin Use ......................................................................................................30
Lifetime Methamphetamine Use....................................................................................30
Lifetime Ecstasy Use .....................................................................................................31
Changes over Time ........................................................................................................31
Age of Initiation of Risk Behaviors ............................................................................... 32
Smoked a Whole Cigarette Before Age 13 Years .........................................................32
Drank Alcohol Before Age 13 Years.............................................................................32
Tried Marijuana Before Age 13 Years...........................................................................33
Changes over Time ........................................................................................................33
Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use on School Property ...................................... 34
Smoked Cigarettes on School Property .........................................................................34
Drank Alcohol on School Property................................................................................34
Used Marijuana on School Property ..............................................................................35
Offered, Sold, or Given an Illegal Drug on School Property.........................................35
Changes over Time ........................................................................................................36
Sexual Behaviors That Contribute to Unintended
Pregnancy and STD, Including HIV Infection............................................................. 37
Ever Had Sexual Intercourse .........................................................................................37
Had First Sexual Intercourse Before Age 13 Years.......................................................38
Had Sexual Intercourse with Four or More Persons During Their Life ........................38
Currently Sexually Active..............................................................................................38
Condom Use...................................................................................................................39
Birth Control Pill Use ....................................................................................................39
Alcohol or Drug Use Before Last Sexual Intercourse ...................................................40
Taught in School About AIDS or HIV Infection...........................................................40
Changes over Time ........................................................................................................40
Dietary Behaviors............................................................................................................ 42
Drank 100% Fruit Juice .................................................................................................42
Ate Fruit .........................................................................................................................42
Ate Green Salad or Other Vegetables............................................................................43
Drank ≥ 3 Glasses of Milk/Day .....................................................................................43
Changes over Time ........................................................................................................44
Physical Activity.............................................................................................................. 45
Met Currently Recommended Levels of Physical Activity ...........................................45
Watched Television ≥ 3 Hours per Day.........................................................................46
Attended Physical Education Classes ............................................................................46
3
Attended Physical Education Classes Daily ..................................................................46
Played on ≥ 1 Sports Teams...........................................................................................47
Changes over Time ........................................................................................................47
Overweight and Weight Control ................................................................................... 48
At Risk for Becoming Overweight ................................................................................48
Overweight.....................................................................................................................49
Described Themselves as Overweight ...........................................................................49
Were Trying to Lose Weight .........................................................................................49
Changes over Time ........................................................................................................50
Summary.......................................................................................................................... 51
References........................................................................................................................ 55
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Table 7
Table 8
Table 9
Table 10
SFUSD High School Student Sample Compared to
Overall SFUSD High School Population by Ethnicity ............................ 8
Summary of Behaviors that Contribute to Unintentional Injuries .............. 9
Summary of Behaviors that Contribute to Violence................................. 12
Summary of Tobacco Use Behaviors ....................................................... 22
Summary of Alcohol Use Behaviors ........................................................ 26
Summary of Drug Use Behaviors ............................................................. 28
Summary of Age of Initiation of Risk Behaviors ..................................... 32
Summary of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use on School Property ... 34
Summary of Sexual Behaviors.................................................................. 37
Summary of Dietary Behaviors ................................................................ 42
Summary of Physical Activity Behaviors ................................................ 45
Summary of Overweight and Weight Control Behaviors ........................ 48
Summary of 2007 HS Results by Gender- Behaviors
That Contribute to Unintentional Injuries................................................. 56
Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderBehaviors That Contribute to Violence .................................................... 57
Summary of 2007 HS Results by Gender- Tobacco Use......................... 60
Summary of 2007 HS Results by Gender- Alcohol and Other Drug Use.... 61
Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderAge of Initiation of Risk Behaviors .......................................................... 63
Summary of 2007 HS Results by Gender- Tobacco,
Alcohol, and Other Drug Use on School Property ................................... 64
Summary of 2007 HS Results by Gender- Sexual Behaviors That
Contribute to Unintended Pregnancy and STD, Including HIV Infection.... 65
Summary of 2007 HS Results by Gender- Dietary Behaviors ................ 66
Summary of 2007 HS Results by Gender- Physical Activity .................. 67
Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderOverweight and Weight Control............................................................... 68
4
Table 11
Table 12
Table 13
Table 14
Table 15
Table 16
Table 17
Table 18
Table 19
Table 20
Summary of trends- Behaviors that Contribute to Unintentional Injuries.... 69
Summary of trends- Behaviors that Contribute to Violence.................... 70
Summary of trends- Tobacco Use............................................................ 72
Summary of trends- Alcohol and Other Drug Use .................................. 73
Summary of trends- Age of Initiation of Risk Behaviors ........................ 74
Summary of trends- Tobacco, Alcohol,
and Other Drug Use on School Property .................................................. 75
Summary of trends- Sexual Behaviors That Contribute to Unintended
Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, including HIV Infection .... 76
Summary of trends- Dietary Behaviors ................................................... 77
Summary of trends- Physical Activity..................................................... 78
Summary of trends- Overweight and Weight Control............................. 79
5
Introduction
Leading factors that contribute to
mortality and morbidity rates in the
United States include the lack of
physical activity, tobacco use, substance
abuse, irresponsible sexual behavior, and
injury and violence (US Department of
Health and Human Services, 2000). Data
show that these factors are prevalent in
today’s youth: approximately 9 million
youth 6-19 years old are considered
overweight (CDC, 2006); approximately
3.6 million youths aged 12-17 reported
current tobacco use (Substance Abuse
and Mental Health Services
Administration, 2005); approximately
10.8 million youths aged 12 to 20
reported current alcohol use (Substance
Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration, 2005); approximately
831,000 pregnancies occurred among
youths aged 15-19 (Ventura, Abma,
Mosher, & Henshaw, 2004); and
approximately 750,000 youths aged 1024 were treated in emergency rooms for
injuries sustained by violence (CDC,
2006). These risk behaviors established
in childhood often continue into
adulthood.
Overview
The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance
System (YRBSS) was developed by the
Division of Adolescent and School
Health, United States Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
in 1990 to monitor priority health risk
behaviors that contribute markedly to the
leading causes of death, disability, and
social problems among youth and adults
in the United States. These behaviors,
often established during childhood and
early adolescence, include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Behaviors that contribute to
unintentional injuries and
violence;
Tobacco use;
Alcohol and other drug use;
Sexual behaviors that
contribute to unintended
pregnancy and sexually
transmitted diseases,
including HIV infection;
Unhealthy dietary behaviors;
Inadequate physical activity;
Overweight and weight
control.
The YRBSS was designed to:
•
•
•
•
•
Determine the prevalence of
health risk behaviors;
Assess whether health risk
behaviors increase, decrease,
or stay the same over time;
Examine the co-occurrence
of health risk behaviors;
Provide comparable data
among subpopulations of
youth;
Monitor progress toward
achieving the Healthy People
2010 objectives and other
program indicators.
San Francisco Unified School District
(SFUSD) has taken part in the YRBSS
since 1991. The district’s data are used
to monitor the health related behaviors
of San Francisco’s public school youth,
guide program planning, and evaluate
some of the district’s school-based
health programs. During the 2004-2005
school year, the district developed a
supplemental survey in concert with
ETR Associates, its evaluation
contractor, to collect data on additional
safety variables in order to gain a more
in-depth student perspective on school
6
climate issues. This supplemental survey
was administered with the Youth Risk
Behavior Survey (YRBS) to the same
students.
In the current report, the 2006-2007
SFUSD high school data are compared
to results from the national YRBS
sample.
Methods
Data Collection and Sampling
The national YRBS was administered to
public and private high school students
in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia (Eaton et al., 2005). The
national sample consisted of 14,041 high
school students.
In SFUSD, the YRBS was administered
to a random sample of students attending
one of the District’s public high schools
during the 2006-2007 school year.
Consistent with recent changes to
California State Law (Education Code
51938(b)), SFUSD used passive parental
consent for students in grades 9-12.
Parent notification was included as part
of the SFUSD Student and Parent/
Guardian Handbook disseminated at the
beginning of the school year, and a
separate letter was sent to
parents/guardians two weeks prior to the
survey.
The survey was administered by staff
who had been trained in proper methods
of survey administration, including
protecting students’ anonymity. Student
participation was voluntary. Students
could decline to participate, turn in blank
or incomplete surveys, or stop
completing the survey at any time.
Response Rate
The CDC uses a 60% response rate as a
minimum requirement for weighting
data. CDC weights the data by applying
a weighting factor to each student record
to adjust for non-response and the
varying probabilities of selection. The
weighted results can be used to make
inferences about the health behaviors of
students attending regular public schools
in San Francisco.
In 2007, for SFUSD high school
students, the overall response rate was
77%. SFUSD high school data from
1997, 2001, 2005 and 2007 were
weighted; data from 1999 and 2003 were
not weighted because the response rate
was below 60%.
Analytic Methods
In the current report, any differences
noted between the national and SFUSD
sample and any differences noted in the
SFUSD sample by gender, ethnicity, and
grade level are statistically significant at
p<0.05.
Tables 1 through 10 present national and
high school SFUSD results by gender.
Statistically significant differences by
gender are noted (p<0.05).
Tables 11 through 20 present results of
observed trends for SFUSD data from
1997 to 2007. Trend analysis procedures
compared the 1997 results to the 2007
results. Logistic regression was used to
test for change over time. Where
possible the analysis used all of the data
points available. For several variables,
however, only the earliest and the most
7
recent data points were used to
determine significance; these instances
are noted with footnotes. All changes
noted in tables 11 to 20 are statistically
significant at p<0.05.
51.1% females). The sample included
higher percentages of 9th (28.3%) and
10th (25.3%) graders compared to 11th
(22.7%) and 12th graders (23.5%). The
majority of students (47.8%) ranged in
age from 16 to 17 years old.
Sample Description
The largest percentage of students
described themselves as Chinese
(42.0%), followed by Hispanic/Latino
(18.5%), other non-white (13.4%),
African American (9.4%), white (8.0%),
Filipino (6.6%), and multiple races
(2.1%).
During the 2007 spring semester, a
sample of 2,587 students in grades 9-12
through twelve attending one of the
district’s 14 public high schools
completed the SFUSD YRBS.
Students were distributed relatively
evenly by gender (48.9% males and
Figure 1: SFUSD High School Student Sample Compared to
Overall SFUSD High School Population by Ethnicity
9
African American
12
42
Chinese
36
7
Filipino
6
19
Hispanic/Latino
21
8
White
9
13
Other Non-White
13
2
Multiple Races *
0
10
20
30
40
50
2007 High School Sample (N=2,587)
2007 Overall High School Population (N=19,051)
* Multiple Races not reported for overall high school population.
Note: Overall high school population does not equal 100% due a small percentage
(3%) of students who declined to state their ethnicity.
8
Figure 2: Summary of Behaviors that Contribute to
Unintentional Injuries among SFUSD Students
Percentage of Respondents Who:
Rarely or never wear a seat belt when riding in a car
7
Among students who rode a bike, never or rarely wore
helmet**
70
Rode with drunk driver*
18
Drove when drinking alcohol*
* In the past 30 days
** In the past 12 months
3
0
20
Seat Belt Use
•
•
•
•
Among SFUSD high school
students, 6.7% had rarely or
never worn a seat belt; this rate
was significantly lower
compared to the national rate.
The prevalence was 6.0% for
females and 7.4% for males.
By ethnicity, the rate was 11.9%
for African American students,
8.3% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 7.2% for other nonwhite students, 5.7% for white
students, 5.2% for Filipino
students, 4.7% for Chinese
students, and 3.7% for students
of multiple races.
Grade level data show the
prevalence was 6.7% for 9th
60
80
100
grade students, 7.3% for 10th
grade students, 8.8% for 11th
grade students, and 3.7% for 12th
grade students.
Behaviors That Contribute
to Unintentional Injuries
Nationwide, 11.1% of high school
students had rarely or never worn a seat
belt when riding in a car driven by
someone else.
40
The percentage of SFUSD high school
who rarely or never wore a seat belt
when riding in a car driven by someone
else decreased significantly from 1997
to 2007.
Bicycle Helmet Use a
Nationwide, among high school students
who rode a bicycle during the 12 months
preceding the survey, 85.1% had rarely
or never worn a bicycle helmet.
•
Among SFUSD high school
students, 69.7% rarely or never
wore a bicycle helmet; this
percentage was significantly
lower compared to the national
percentage.
a
Breakdown by the following ethnicities were
not reported because sample sizes were less than
100 students: multiple races, other non-white,
African American, and Filipino students.
9
•
•
•
The rate was significantly higher
for males (74.7%) compared to
females (62.3%).
By ethnicity, the prevalence was
significantly higher for
Hispanic/Latino students (78.3%)
compared to Chinese (65.5%)
and white students (49.6%).
The prevalence was 72.7% for 9th
grade students, 72.2% for 10th
grade students, 65.6% for11th
grade students, and 67.0% for
12th grade students.
The percentage of SFUSD high school
who rarely or never wore a bicycle
helmet decreased significantly from
1997 to 2007.
•
There was no significant change in the
percentage of SFUSD high school
students who rode with a driver who had
been drinking alcohol from 1997 to
2007.
Drove When Drinking Alcohol
Nationwide, 10.5% of high school
students drove a car or other vehicle one
or more times when they had been
drinking alcohol during the 30 days
preceding the survey.
Rode with a Driver Who Had
Been Drinking Alcohol
•
Nationwide, 29.1% of high school
students rode one or more times in a
vehicle driven by someone who had
been drinking alcohol during the 30 days
preceding the survey.
•
•
•
•
Among SFUSD high school
students, 18.0% rode with a
driver who had been drinking
alcohol; this rate was
significantly lower compared to
the national rate.
The prevalence was 18.4% for
females and 17.6% for males.
By ethnicity, 30.4% of
Hispanic/Latino students, 27.5%
of white students, 24.2% of
African American students,
23.2% of students of multiple
races, 21.8% of Filipino students,
13.7% of other non-white
students, and 10.0% of Chinese
students reported this behavior.
The prevalence was 18.7% for 9th
grade students, 18.4% for 10th
grade students, 17.9% for 11th
grade students, and 16.7% for
12th grade students.
•
•
Among SFUSD high school
students, 2.8% reported that they
drove when drinking, and this
was significantly lower
compared to the national
percentage.
The prevalence was 2.1% for
females and 3.4% for males.
The rate by ethnicity was 5.1%
for white students, 4.7% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 2.7%
for African American students,
2.6% for other non-white
students, 2.4% for students of
multiple races, 1.4% for Chinese
students, and 1.1% for Filipino
students.
By grade level, the prevalence
was 3.1% for 9th grade students,
3.2% for 10th grade students,
1.6% for 11th grade students, and
3.4% for 12th grade students.
The rate of high school students driving
under the influence of alcohol decreased
10
significantly from 1997 to 2007 in
SFUSD.
Changes over Time
•
In general, most changes in behaviors
that contribute to unintentional injury
have decreased both nationally and
among SFUSD high school students
over time.
•
•
Nationally, from 1997 to 2007,
there were significant decreases in
the percentage of high school
students who rarely or never wore
seatbelts, rode in a car with a
driver who had been drinking
alcohol and drove when they had
been drinking.
There were significant decreases
in the percentage of high school
students who rarely or never
wore seatbelts and drove when
they had been drinking, from
1997 to 2007.
From 1997 to 2007, there were
no significant changes seen in the
rate of students who rarely or
never wore bicycle helmets.
11
Figure 3: Summary Behaviors that Contribute to Violence
among SFUSD Students
Percentage of Respondents Who:
23
Victim of verbal slur- race*
20
Victim of verbal slur- physical appearance*
9
Carried a weapon*
2
Carried a gun*
23
In a physical fight**
3
Injured in a physical fight**
Dating violence (physcially hurt by a
girlfriend/boyfriend on purpose)**
10
7
Forced to have sexual intercourse
5
Carried a weapon on school property*
Were threatened or injured with a weapon
on school property**
9
Were in a physical fight on school
property**
8
Did not go to school because of safety
concerns*
7
Had property stolen or damaged on school
property**
23
28
Felt sad or hopeless**
Seriously considered attempting suicide**
13
Made a suicide plan**
14
6
Attempted suicide**
Suicide attempt treated by a doctor or
nurse**
* In the past 30 days
** In the past 12 months
2
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
12
Behaviors That Contribute
to Violence
Victim of Verbal Slur- Race a b c
In SFUSD, 22.5% of high school
students were victims of a verbal slur
because of their race or ethnic
background 30 days preceding the
survey.
•
•
•
Males (26.1%) were significantly
more likely compared to females
(18.9%) to be a victim of a verbal
slur because of their race or
ethnic background.
The prevalence by ethnicity was
30.3% for African American
students, 29.0% for white
students, 24.1% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 23.9%
for other non-white students,
23.5% for students of multiple
races, 19.3% for Filipino
students, and 18.6% for Chinese
students.
The rate by grade level was
21.0% for 9th grade students,
22.2% for 10th grade students,
22.9% for 11th grade students,
and 23.9% for 12th grade
students.
There was no significant change in the
percentage of SFUSD high school
students who had been a victim of a
verbal slur because of their race or
ethnicity from 2001 to 2007.
a
High school students were not asked this
question nationally.
b
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
c
Significance was based on the oldest and most
recent data points, and analysis did not include
data between endpoints.
Victim of Verbal Slur-Weight, Size, or
Physical Appearance a b c
The prevalence for SFUSD high school
students being a victim of a verbal slur
because of their weight, size, or physical
appearance 30 days preceding the survey
was 20.0%.
•
•
•
The prevalence was 19.7% for
females, and 20.3% for males.
By ethnicity, the rate was 24.8%
for Filipino students, 24.1% for
African American students,
22.7% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 21.9% for students of
multiple races, 20.9% for white
students, 18.5% for non-White
students, and 16.9% for Chinese
students.
The prevalence by grade level
was 19.4% for 9th grade students,
20.4% for 10th grade students,
20.6% for 11th grade students,
and 19.2% for 12th grade
students.
There was no significant change in the
percentage of SFUSD high school
students who had been a victim of a
verbal slur because of their weight, size,
or physical appearance from 2001 to
2007.
Carried a Weapon
a
High school students were not asked this
question nationally.
b
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
c
Significance was based on the oldest and most
recent data points, and analysis did not include
data between endpoints.
13
Nationwide, 18.0% of high school
students had carried a weapon (e.g., a
gun, knife, or club) on one or more of
the 30 days preceding the survey.
•
•
•
•
Among SFUSD high school
students 8.6% had carried a
weapon; compared to the
national rate, significantly fewer
SFUSD high school students
carried a weapon.
Significantly more males
(11.5%) compared to females
(5.6%) reported this behavior.
By ethnicity, the rate was 14.1%
for Hispanic/Latino students,
12.8% for students of multiple
races, 11.7% for African
American students, 10.3% for
both Filipino and white students,
5.8% for other non-white
students, and 5.4% for Chinese
students.
Grade level data show the
prevalence was 9.3% for 9th
grade students, 8.8% for 10th
grade students, 9.1% for 11th
grade students, and 6.9% for 12th
grade students.
•
•
•
There was no significant change in gun
carrying among SFUSD high school
students from 1997 to 2007.
In a Physical Fight
Nationwide, 35.5% of high school
students had been in a physical fight one
or more times during the 12 months
preceding the survey.
•
Weapon carrying among SFUSD high
school students decreased significantly
from 1997 to 2007.
Carried a Gun
Nationwide, 5.2% of high school
students had carried a gun on one or
more of the 30 days preceding the
survey.
•
The prevalence for SFUSD high
school students was 2.1%, and it
was significantly lower
compared to the national
percentage.
Males (3.3%) were significantly
more likely to report carrying a
gun compared to females (0.9%).
The prevalence by ethnicity was
4.2% for students of multiple
races, 4.0% for African
American students, 3.8% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 2.7%
for white students, 2.0% for
Filipino students, 1.1% for
Chinese students, and 0.5% for
non-white students.
The rate by grade level was 2.0%
for 9th grade students, 2.2% for
10th grade students, 2.9% for 11th
grade students, and 1.4% for 12th
grade students.
•
•
Among SFUSD high school
students, 22.8% reported this
behavior, and this rate was
significantly lower compared to
the national percentage.
Males (26.6%) were significantly
more likely compared to females
(18.9%) to report physical
fighting.
By ethnicity, the rate was 37.3%
for African American students,
35.0% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 28.2 for white students,
25.4% for students of multiple
races, 22.7% for other non-white
students, 21.8% for Filipino
14
•
students, and 13.6% for Chinese
students.
By grade level, the prevalence
was 27.9% for 9th grade students,
24.1% for 10th grade students,
19.8% for 11th grade students,
and 17.5% for 12th grade
students.
Overall, from 1997 to 2007, the rate of
physical fighting among SFUSD high
school students did not change
significantly.
From 1997 to 2007, in SFUSD, there
was no significant change in the
percentage of high school students who
were injured in a physical fight.
Dating Violence a
Nationwide, 9.9% of high school
students had been hit, slapped, or
physically hurt on purpose by their
boyfriend or girlfriend (i.e., dating
violence) during the 12 months
preceding the survey.
Injured in a Physical Fight
•
Nationwide, 4.2% of high school
students had been in a physical fight in
which they were injured and had to be
treated by a doctor or nurse one or more
times during the 12 months preceding
the survey.
•
•
•
•
In SFUSD, 3.3% of high school
students reported injuries from a
fight that required treatment;
compared to the national rate,
this rate was statistically
similar for SFUSD students.
The prevalence was significantly
higher for males (4.4%)
compared to females (2.0%).
By ethnicity, 6.6% of
Hispanic/Latino students, 5.7%
of African American students,
2.3% of Filipino students, 2.1%
of other non-white students,
2.0% of Chinese students, 1.8%
of students of multiple races, and
1.5% of white students reported
being injured in a physical fight.
By grade level, the rate was 2.6%
for 9th grade students, 2.9% for
10th grade students, 4.8% for 11th
grade students, and 2.8% for 12th
grade students.
•
•
•
Among SFUSD high school
students, the prevalence of dating
violence was 9.6%, a rate not
significantly different than the
national rate.
The rate was 9.2% for females
and 9.9% for males.
By ethnicity, 16.5% of African
American students, 12.1% of
Hispanic/Latino students, 10.8%
of white students, 10.7% of
Filipino students, 10.1% of other
non-white students, 9.2% of
students of multiple races, and
6.3% of Chinese students
reported this behavior.
Results by grade level show the
prevalence was 8.7% for 9th
grade students, 9.8% for 10th
grade students, 11.5% for 11th
grade students, and 8.0% for 12th
grade students.
There has been an increase in dating
violence among SFUSD high school
students from 2001 to 2007.
a
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
15
Forced to Have Sexual Intercourse a b
Carried a Weapon on School Property
Nationwide, 7.8% of high school
students had ever been physically forced
to have sexual intercourse when they did
not want to.
Nationwide, 5.9% of high school
students had carried a weapon (e.g., a
gun, knife, or club) on school property
on one or more of the 30 days preceding
the survey.
•
•
•
•
•
a
The rate of forced sexual
intercourse for SFUSD high
school students was 6.5%, and it
was statistically similar to the
national rate.
Females (8.6%) were
significantly more likely to report
this behavior compared to males
(4.4%).
By ethnicity, the prevalence was
11.2% for African American
students, 9.5% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 9.4%
for students of multiple races,
7.8% for white students, 6.5% for
Filipino students, 5.0% for other
non-white students, and 4.2% for
Chinese students.
By grade level, 5.3% of 9th grade
students, 5.6% of 10th grade
students, 7.7% of 11th grade
students and 7.6% of 12th grade
students reported this behavior.
Overall, the percent of SFUSD
high school students who
reported forced sexual
intercourse when they did not
want to did not change
significantly from 2001 to 2007.
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
b
Significance was based on the oldest and most
recent data points, and analysis did not include
data between endpoints.
•
•
•
•
The prevalence among SFUSD
high school students was 4.9%,
and statistically, it was similar to
the national prevalence.
Males (6.4%) were significantly
more likely to report this
behavior compared to females
(3.4%).
By ethnicity, the rate was 9.4%
for Hispanic/Latino students,
6.5% for Filipino students, 6.3%
for African American students,
5.3% for students of multiple
races, 3.5% for Chinese students,
3.0% for other non-white student,
and 2.8% for white students.
By grade level, the prevalence
was 5.2% for 9th grade students,
5.0% for 10th grade students,
5.2% for 11th grade students, and
4.2% for 12th grade students.
Weapon carrying on school property
among SFUSD high school students
decreased significantly from 1997 to
2007.
Threatened or Injured with
a Weapon on School Property
Nationwide, 7.8% of high school
students had been threatened or injured
with a weapon (e.g., a gun, knife, or
club) on school property one or more
times during the 12 months preceding
the survey.
16
•
•
•
•
Among high school students in
SFUSD, the prevalence of having
been threatened or injured with a
weapon on school property was
8.8%, and statistically, it was
similar to the national
prevalence.
Males (11.8%) reported this
behavior significantly more
compared to females (5.6%).
The rate by ethnicity was 17.2%
for African American students,
11.9% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 10.2% for other nonwhite students, 8.1% for students
of multiple races, 5.7% for
Filipino students, 5.6% for
Chinese students, and 4.9% for
white students.
The prevalence was 10.6% for 9th
grade students, 8.0% for 10th
grade students, 9.9% for 11th
grade students, and 6.3% for 12th
grade students.
There has been no significant change in
the percentage of SFUSD high school
students who were threatened or injured
with a weapon on school property from
1997 to 2007.
In a Physical Fight
on School Property
During the 12 months preceding the
survey, 12.4% of high school students
nationwide had been in a physical fight
on school property one or more times.
•
•
The prevalence of this behavior
among SFUSD high school
students was 8.1%, and it was
significantly lower than the
national rate.
Males (10.5%) were significantly
more likely to report being
•
•
involved in a physical fight
compared to females (5.7%).
By ethnicity, 14.9% of
Hispanic/Latino students, 12.1%
of African American students,
10.1% of white students, 8.7% of
students of multiple races, 6.5%
of Filipino students, 5.9% of
other non-white students, and
4.5% of Chinese students
reported this behavior.
By grade level, the prevalence
was 11.0% for 9th grade students,
8.5% for 10th grade students, and
6.0% for both 11th and 12th grade
students.
Physical fighting on school property
among SFUSD high school students has
significantly decreased from 1997 to
2007.
Did Not Go to School Because
of Safety Concerns
Five and a half percent of high school
students nationwide had not gone to
school because they felt they would be
unsafe at school or on their way to or
from school on one or more of the 30
days preceding the survey.
•
•
•
Among SFUSD high school
students, 7.4%, had not gone to
school because of safety
concerns, and this rate was
significantly higher compared
to the national rate.
The prevalence was 7.6% for
females and 7.2% for males.
The prevalence by ethnicity was
12.1% for African American
students, 11.8% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 8.2%
for Filipino students, 5.5% for
Chinese students, 5.0% for other
17
•
non-white students, 3.1% for
white students, and 3.0% for
students of multiple races.
The prevalence was 8.7% for 9th
grade students, 7.0% for 10th
grade students, 7.9% for 11th
grade students, and 5.8% for 12th
grade students.
The percentage of SFUSD high school
students who have not gone to school
because of safety concerns did not
change significantly from 1997 to 2007.
Had Property Stolen or
Damaged on School Property
and 21.7% for both 11th and 12th
grade students.
Overall, the percentage of SFUSD high
school students who had property stolen
or damaged on school property
decreased significantly from 1997 to
2007.
Felt Sad or Hopeless a
Nationwide, 28.5% of high school
students had felt so sad or hopeless
almost every day for two or more weeks
in a row that they stopped doing some
usual activities during the 12 months
preceding the survey.
During the 12 months preceding the
survey, 27.1% of high school students
nationwide had had their property (e.g.,
car, clothing, or books) stolen or
deliberately damaged on school property
one or more times.
•
•
•
•
•
•
The prevalence of having
property stolen or damaged on
school property for SFUSD high
school students was 24.7%, and
was similar compared to the
national percentage.
The rate was significantly higher
for males (29.1%) compared to
females (20.1%).
The prevalence by ethnicity was
29.2% for other non-white
students, 28.6% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 26.6%
for African American students,
24.4% for students of multiple
races, 24.1% for white students,
23.5% for Filipino students, and
21.2% for Chinese students.
Grade level data show the rate
was 27.7% for 9th grade students,
26.9% for 10th grade students,
•
•
In SFUSD, 27.7% of high school
students reported this behavior,
and this rate was not significantly
different compared to the
national rate.
Females (33.1%) were
significantly more likely to report
feeling sad or hopeless compared
to males (22.4%).
By ethnicity, the prevalence was
33.5% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 33.3% for Filipino
students, 32.6% for students of
multiple races, 31.9% for other
non-white students, 28.5% for
white students, 26.0% for
African American students, and
22.3% for Chinese students.
By grade level, the rate was
27.1% for 9th grade students,
25.6% for 10th grade students,
30.9% for 11th grade students,
and 27.3% for 12th grade
students.
a
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
18
There was no significant change in the
percentage of SFUSD high school
students who had felt sad or hopeless
almost every day for two or more weeks
in a row from 2001 to 2007.
Seriously Considered
Attempting Suicide
Nationwide, 14.5% of high school
students had seriously considered
attempting suicide during the 12 months
preceding the survey.
•
•
•
•
In SFUSD, 12.8% of high school
students reported this behavior,
and this rate was similar in
SFUSD high school youth
compared to the national rate.
Females (15.4%) were
significantly more likely to
consider attempting suicide
compared to males (10.2%).
By ethnicity, the prevalence was
18.6% for Filipino students,
18.0% for other non-white
students, 16.6% for students of
multiple races, 14.7% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 11.5%
for white students, 10.8% for
Chinese students, and 6.6% for
African American students.
By grade level, the rate was
13.2% for 9th grade students,
11.1% for 10th grade students,
15.3% for 11th grade students,
and 11.9% for 12th grade
students.
The percentage of SFUSD high school
students who have seriously considered
attempting suicide decreased
significantly from 1997 to 2007.
Made a Suicide Plan
Approximately eleven percent (11.3%)
of high school students nationwide had
made a plan about how they would
attempt suicide during the 12 months
preceding the survey.
•
•
•
•
In SFUSD, 13.5% of high school
students reported this behavior;
statistically, this rate did not
differ from the national rate.
The rate was 15.1% for females
and 11.8% for males.
By ethnicity, the rate was 17.8%
for African American students,
14.9% for Filipino students,
14.2% for other non-white
students, 14.0% for white
students, 12.9% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 12.4%
for students of multiple races,
and 11.7% for Chinese students.
By grade level, the prevalence
was 13.8% for 9th grade students,
12.0% for 10th grade students,
16.7% for 11th grade students,
and 11.3% for 12th grade
students.
The percentage of SFUSD high school
students who had made a suicide plan
did not change significantly from 1997
to 2007.
Attempted Suicide
During the 12 months preceding the
survey, 6.9% of high school students
nationwide reported that they had
attempted suicide one or more times.
•
In SFUSD, the prevalence of
having actually attempted suicide
was 6.4% for high school
students and was similar
compared to the national
prevalence.
19
•
•
•
The prevalence was 7.3% for
females 5.3% for males.
The rate by ethnicity was 13.0%
for Filipino students, 7.6% for
African American students, 7.3%
for Hispanic/Latino students,
5.8% for students of multiple
races, 4.5% for white students,
and 4.0% for Chinese students.
Grade level data show the
prevalence was 7.3% for both 9th
and
11th grade students, 6.1% for
10th grade students, and 4.6% for
12th grade students.
Overall, the percentage of high school
students who had attempted suicide in
SFUSD increased significantly from
1997 to 2007.
Suicide Attempt Treated
by a Doctor or Nurse
Nationwide, 2.0% of high school
students had made a suicide attempt that
resulted in an injury, poisoning, or
overdose that had to be treated by a
doctor or nurse during the 12 months
preceding the survey.
•
•
•
In SFUSD, 1.9% of high school
students reported having had
made a suicide attempt that
required medical attention; this
rate was similar compared to
the national rate.
The prevalence was 1.5% for
females and 2.3% for males.
By ethnicity, the rate was 4.8%
for Filipino students, 3.3% for
other non-white students, 2.5%
for Hispanic/Latino students,
1.5% for African American
students, 1.3% for white
students, and 0.8% for both
•
Chinese and students of multiple
races.
By grade level, 1.8% of 9th grade
students, 2.0% of 10th grade
students, 2.5% of 11th grade
students, and 1.2% of 12th grade
students reported this behavior.
Overall, the percentage of high school
students who had attempted suicide that
required medical attention in SFUSD did
not change significantly from 1997 to
2007.
Changes over Time
Nationally, no change occurred over
time for high school students who
reported carrying a weapon or gun,
being in a physical fight or being injured
in a physical fight from 1997 to 2007.
For SFUSD students, changes in
behaviors that contribute to violence
over the years varied.
•
•
•
•
While there was a decrease in
the prevalence of high school
students who reported carrying a
weapon (e.g. a gun, knife, or
club), there was no change in the
prevalence of students who
specifically reported carrying a
gun.
Self-reported rates of being
injured during a physical fight
did not significantly change from
1997 to 2007.
Among high school students,
reports of being in a physical
fight, carrying a weapon, and
reports of having had property
stolen or damaged specifically on
school property decreased from
1997 to 2007.
Student reports of being
threatened or injured with a
20
•
•
weapon on school property and
reports of having not gone to
school because of safety
concerns remained unchanged
from 1997 to 2007.
There was no change in the
prevalence of students who
reported being a victim of a
verbal slur because of race or
physical appearance from 2001
to 2007.
Although there was a significant
decrease in the percentage of
students who reported having
seriously considered suicide, and
no change in the report of
making of suicide plans, there
was a significant increase in the
report of actual suicide attempts
•
•
•
from 1997 to 2007. However,
reports of attempted suicide that
required medical attention
remained unchanged.
From 2003 to 2007, student
reports of feeling sad or hopeless
almost every day for two or more
weeks in a row have remained
constant.
From 2003 to 2007, student
reports of having ever been
physically forced to have sexual
intercourse when they did not
want to have remained constant.
From 2003 to 2007, reports of
dating violence increased.
21
Figure 4: Summary of Tobacco Use Behaviors among SFUSD Students
Percentage of Respondents Who:
Ever tried cigarette
smoking
42
Smoked at least one
cigarette every day*
7
Smoked one or more
cigarettes*
11
Smoked twenty or more
cigarettes*
4
Smoked > 10
cigarettes/day*
9
Tried to quit smoking
cigarettes**
63
Bought cigarettes in a
store or gas station*
28
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
* In the past 30 days
** In the past 12 months
Tobacco Use
Lifetime Cigarette Use
Nationwide, 50.3% of high school
students had ever tried cigarette smoking
(even one or two puffs) (i.e., lifetime
cigarette use).
•
•
•
In SFUSD, 36.5% of high school
students reported ever smoking a
cigarette, and this rate was
significantly lower compared to
the national rate.
The rate of lifetime cigarette use
was 34.5% for females and
38.4% for males.
The prevalence by ethnicity was
53.9% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 48.4% for white
students, 42.1% for Filipino
students, 39.9% for other non-
•
white students, 38.9% for
African American students,
32.3% for students of multiple
races, and 24.1% for Chinese
students.
By grade level, the rate was
33.5% for 9th grade students,
34.3% for 10th grade students,
36.9% for 11th grade students,
and 41.5% for 12th grade
students.
Overall, reported lifetime cigarette use
among SFUSD high school students
decreased significantly from 1997 to
2007.
22
Lifetime Daily Cigarette Use a b
Nationwide, 12.4% of high school
students had ever smoked at least one
cigarette every day for 30 days.
•
•
•
•
Lifetime daily cigarette use for
SFUSD high school students was
6.0%, a rate that is significantly
lower compared to the national
rate.
This behavior was reported by
5.2% of females and 6.7% of
males.
The rate by ethnicity was 11.3%
for white students, 7.5% for other
non-white students, 6.4% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 6.1%
for Filipino students, 5.5% for
students of multiple races, 4.4%
for Chinese students, and 4.3%
for African American students.
The prevalence by grade level
was 3.3% for 9th grade students,
6.1% for 10th grade students,
7.6% for 11th grade students, and
7.1% for 12th grade students.
Lifetime daily cigarette use among
SFUSD high school students decreased
significantly from 2001 to 2007.
Current Cigarette Use
•
•
•
Current cigarette use among SFUSD
high school students decreased
significantly from 1997 to 2007.
Current Frequent Cigarette Use
Nationwide, 8.1% of high school
students had smoked cigarettes on
twenty or more of the 30 days preceding
the survey.
•
Twenty percent of high school students
nationwide had smoked cigarettes on
one or more of the 30 days preceding the
survey.
•
•
In SFUSD, 8.0% of high school
students reported current
•
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
b
Significance was based on the oldest and most
recent data points, and analysis did not include
data between endpoints.
a
cigarette use, and they were
significantly less likely to engage
in this behavior compared to
students nationwide.
The prevalence was 7.1% for
females and 8.7% for males.
The prevalence by ethnicity was
13.9% for white students, 12.4%
for Hispanic/Latino students,
9.1% for other non-white
students, 8.0% for students of
multiple races, 6.4% for African
American students, 5.6% for
Filipino students, and 4.8% for
Chinese students.
By grade level, the rate was 5.8%
for 9th grade students, 7.6% for
10th grade students, 9.4% for 11th
grade students, and 9.3% for 12th
grade students.
For SFUSD high school students,
the prevalence of current
frequent cigarette use was 1.9%,
and this rate is significantly
lower compared to the national
rate.
This behavior was reported by
1.1% of females and 2.6% of
males.
By ethnicity, the rate was 3.1%
for white students, 2.6% for other
non-white students, 2.0% for
Chinese students, 1.6% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 1.5%
23
•
for students of multiple races,
1.2% for Filipino students, and
0.2% for African American
students.
By grade level, the prevalence
was 0.8% for 9th grade students,
1.3% for 10th grade students,
2.7% for both 11th and 12th grade
students.
Tried to Quit Smoking Cigarettes a b
Nationwide, among the 20.0% of
students who reported current cigarette
use, 49.7% had tried to quit smoking
cigarettes during the 12 months
preceding the survey.
•
Overall, current frequent cigarette use
among SFUSD high school students
decreased significantly from 1997 to
2007.
Smoked >10 Cigarettes/Day a
Among the 20.0% of high school
students nationwide who reported
current cigarette use, 10.7% had smoked
more compared to ten cigarettes a day on
the days they smoked during the 30 days
preceding the survey.
•
•
Among the 8.0% of SFUSD high
school students who reported
current cigarette use, the
prevalence of having smoked
more than ten cigarettes a day
was 3.1% and this rate was
significantly lower compared to
the national rate.
The prevalence was 5.2% for
males.
•
Among the 8.0% of SFUSD
students who reported current
cigarette use, the prevalence of
having tried to quit smoking
cigarettes was 61.9% and this
rate was significantly higher
compared to the national rate.
The rate was 70.7% for males.
Overall, in SFUSD, there has been no
significant change in the percentage of
high school students who have tried to
quit smoking cigarettes from 2001 to
2007.
Bought Cigarettes in a
Store or Gas Station a c
Nationwide, among high school students
who reported current cigarette use and
were less than 18 years old, 16.0%
usually got their own cigarettes by
buying them in a store (i.e., convenience
store, supermarket, or discount store) or
gas station during the 30 days preceding
the survey.
•
Overall, there was no significant change
in the percentage of SFUSD high school
students who have smoked more than ten
cigarettes a day from 1997 to 2007.
In SFUSD, 28.1% of high school
students bought their own
cigarettes in a store or gas station
was, and they were significantly
a
a
Breakdown by females, ethnicity, and grade
levels could not be completed because the
sample size was less than 100 students.
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
b
Prevalence for females, ethnicity and grade
levels could not be completed because the
sample size was less than 100 students.
c
Prevalence for gender, ethnicity and grade
levels could not be completed because the
sample size was less than 100 students
24
more likely to engage in this
behavior compared to high
school students nationwide.
•
Overall, the percentage of SFUSD high
school students who had bought their
own cigarettes in a store or gas station
did not change significantly from 2001
to 2007.
•
Changes over Time
•
Student reports of tobacco behaviors
have decreased or remained constant
nationally and among SFUSD high
schools.
•
Both nationally and in SFUSD,
significant decreases were found
in students who reported lifetime
cigarette use, current cigarette
use, and current frequent
cigarette use from 1997 to 2007.
From 1997 to 2007, significant
decreases were found in students
who reported lifetime cigarette
use, current cigarette use,
lifetime daily use, and reports of
current frequent cigarette use.
Rates of students reports of
smoking more than ten cigarettes
a day remained constant from
1997 to 2007.
There were no changes in student
reports of having tried to quit
smoking cigarettes, and there
were also no changes in reports
of having bought their own
cigarettes in a store or gas station
from 2001 to 2007.
25
Figure 5: Summary of Alcohol Use Behaviors among SFUSD Students
Percentage of Respondents Who:
53
Ever drank alcohol
Had one or more
drinks*
24
Had five or more drinks
on one occasion*
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
* In the past 30 days
Alcohol Use
•
Lifetime Alcohol Use
Nationwide, 75.0% of high school
students drank least one drink of alcohol
on one or more days during their life.
•
•
•
In SFUSD, the prevalence of
lifetime alcohol use in high
school students was 53.2%, a rate
significantly lower compared to
the national rate.
The prevalence was 53.7% for
females and 52.8% for males.
The rate was 76.1% for white
students, 70.3% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 60.4%
for students of multiple races,
57.5% for Filipino students,
54.6% for other non-white
students, 46.5% for African
American students, and 42.5%
for Chinese students.
The prevalence was 45.2% for 9th
grade students, 53.8% for 10th
grade students, 54.3% for 11th
grade students, and 61.3% for
12th grade students.
Lifetime alcohol use among SFUSD
students decreased significantly from
1997 to 2007.
Current Alcohol Use
Nationwide, 44.7% of high school
students drank at least one drink of
alcohol on one or more of the 30 days
preceding the survey.
•
•
In SFUSD, 22.3% high school
students reported current alcohol
use; compared to the national
rate, SFUSD high school
students were significantly less
likely to engage in this behavior.
The prevalence was 24.0% for
females and 20.4% for males.
26
•
•
By ethnicity the rate was 49.7%
for white students, 37.0% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 28.5%
for students of multiple races,
24.2% for Filipino students,
21.4% for African American
students, 19.5% for other nonwhite students, and 11.6% for
Chinese students.
The prevalence was 16.9% for 9th
grade students, 24.9% for 10th
grade students, 21.3% for 11th
grade students, 26.4% for 12th
grade students.
•
•
By ethnicity, the rate was 27.3%
for white students, 20.5% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 14.0%
for Filipino students, 12.8% for
students of multiple races, 9.6%
for African American students,
6.8% for other non-white
students, and 3.1% for Chinese
students.
By grade level, the prevalence
was 8.0% for 9th grade students,
12.5% for 10th grade students,
9.0% for 11th grade students, and
12.2% for 12th grade students.
Current alcohol use among SFUSD high
school students decreased significantly
from 1997 to 2007.
In SFUSD, the percentage of students
who reported heavy drinking decreased
significantly from 1997 to 2007.
Episodic Heavy Drinking
Changes over Time
Nationwide, 26.0% of high school
students drank five or more drinks of
alcohol in a row (i.e., within a couple of
hours) on one or more of the 30 days
preceding the survey.
In general, student reports of alcohol
related behaviors decreased over time.
•
•
In SFUSD, 10.4% of high school
students reported episodic heavy
drinking, and this rate was lower
compared to the national rate.
The prevalence was 11.7% for
females and 9.0% for males.
•
Student reports of lifetime use,
current alcohol use, and reports
of episodic heavy drinking
decreased significantly nationally
and in SFUSD from 1997 to
2007.
27
Figure 6: Summary of Drug Use Behaviors among SFUSD Students
Percentage of Respondents Who:
Ever used marijuana
23
Current marijuana use*
11
Ever used cocaine
5
Ever injected an illegal drug into their body
3
Ever taken illegal steroid pills
3
Ever taken heroin
2
Ever used methamphetamines
4
Ever used ecstasy
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
* In the past 30 days
Other Drug Use
Lifetime Marijuana Use
•
Nationwide, 38.1% of high school
students had used marijuana one or more
times during their life.
•
•
•
In SFUSD, lifetime marijuana
use was reported by 22.8% of
high school students, and it was
significantly lower compared to
the national percentage.
The prevalence was 22.9% for
females and 22.6% for males.
The rate by ethnicity was 45.1%
for African American students,
44.2% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 43.8% for white
students, 30.0% for students of
multiple races, 28.6% for
Filipino students, 14.2% for other
non-white students, and 7.5% for
Chinese students.
By grade level, the prevalence
was 17.5% for 9th grade students,
22.1% for 10th grade students,
24.8% for 11th grade students,
and 27.3% for 12th grade
students.
Among SFUSD high school students,
lifetime marijuana use decreased
significantly from 1997 to 2007.
Current Marijuana Use
Nationwide, 19.7% of high school
students had used marijuana one or more
times during the 30 days preceding the
survey.
•
Among SFUSD high school
students, current marijuana use
28
•
•
•
was 11.4%; this rate was
significantly lower compared to
the national percentage.
Current marijuana use was
reported by 12.2% of females
and 10.6% of males.
A significantly higher prevalence
was found for white (26.6%),
Hispanic/Latino (25.2%), African
American (21.7%), students of
multiple races (15.1%), Filipino
(13.7%), and other non-white
students (6.2%) compared to
Chinese students (2.0%).
By grade level, the rate was
10.0% for 9th grade students,
11.9% for 10th grade students,
11.2% for 11th grade students,
and 12.1% for 12th grade
students.
Current marijuana use decreased
significantly from 1997 to 2007 among
SFUSD high school students.
Lifetime Cocaine Use
Nationwide, 7.2% of high school
students had used any form of cocaine
(e.g., powder, crack, or freebase) one or
more times during their life.
•
•
•
Lifetime cocaine use for SFUSD
high school students was 4.6%;
compared to the national rate,
significantly fewer SFUSD high
school students reported this
behavior.
Cocaine use was reported by
4.0% of females and 5.2% of
males.
By ethnicity, the rate was 11.2%
for Hispanic/Latino students,
7.2% for white students, 4.0% for
Filipino students, 3.7% for
African American students, 3.6%
•
for non-white students, 2.8% for
students of multiple races, and
1.6% for Chinese students.
By grade level, the prevalence
was 5.2% for 9th grade students,
3.4% for 10th grade students,
6.3% for 11th grade students, and
3.4% for 12th grade students.
Among SFUSD high school students,
lifetime cocaine use decreased
significantly from 1997 to 2007.
Lifetime Illegal Injection Drug Use
Nationwide, 2.0% of high school
students had used a needle to inject any
illegal drug into their body one or more
times during their life.
•
•
•
•
Among SFUSD high school
students, lifetime illegal injection
drug use was 2.6%; this rate did
not differ from the national rate.
The prevalence was 2.0% for
females and 3.1% for males.
The breakdown by ethnicity
shows the rate was 3.6% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 3.4%
for African American students,
2.1% for Chinese students, 1.7%
for white students, 1.4% for nonwhite students, 0.8% for Filipino
students, and 0.6% for students
of multiple races.
By grade level, 4.2% of 9th grade
students, 1.5% of 10th grade
students, 3.2% of 11th grade
students, and 1.4% of 12th grade
students reported this behavior.
In SFUSD, lifetime illegal injection drug
use among high school students did not
change significantly from 1997 to 2007.
29
Lifetime Illegal Steroid Use
•
Nearly four percent (3.9%) of high
school students nationwide had taken
steroid pills or shots without a doctor’s
prescription one or more times during
their life.
•
•
•
•
•
In SFUSD, 2.7% of high school
students reported this behavior,
and this rate was significantly
lower compared to the national
rate.
The rate was 2.4% for females
and 2.9% for males.
The prevalence by ethnicity was
4.3% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 4.1% for African
American students, 3.2% for
white students, 2.2% of other
non-white students, 1.6% for
Filipino students, 1.4% for
Chinese students, and 1.2% for
students of multiple races.
By grade level, 3.8% of 9th grade
students, 1.4% of 10th grade
students, 4.4% of 11th grade
students, and 1.1% of 12th grade
students reported illegal steroid
use.
Overall, no significant change in lifetime
illegal steroid use was found among
SFUSD high school students from 1997
to 2007.
•
•
Lifetime heroin use was reported
at 2.3% for SFUSD high school
students reported; this rate did
not differ from the national rate.
The prevalence was 1.6% for
females and 2.7% for males.
By ethnicity, 4.1% of African
American students, 3.3% of
Hispanic/Latino students, 2.4%
of Filipino students, 1.7% of
other non-white students, 1.6%
of white students, 1.2% of
Chinese students, and 0.6% of
students of multiple races
reported this behavior.
By grade level, the prevalence
was 3.3% for 9th grade students,
1.1% for 10th grade students,
3.1% for 11th grade students, and
1.5% for 12th grade students.
Lifetime heroin use among SFUSD high
school students did not change
significantly from 2001 to 2007.
Lifetime Methamphetamine Use a
Nationwide, 4.4% of high school
students had used methamphetamines
(also called “speed,” “crystal,” “crank,”
or “ice”) one or more times during their
life.
•
Lifetime Heroin Use a
•
Nationwide, 2.3% of high school
students had used heroin (also called
“smack,” “junk,” or “China White”) one
or more times during their life.
•
In SFUSD, lifetime
methamphetamine use was
reported by 3.6% of high school
students, a rate similar to the
national percentage.
The rate was 3.0% for females
and 4.0% for males.
By ethnicity, the rate was 7.5%
for Hispanic/Latino students,
4.7% for African American
a
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
a
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
30
•
students, 4.6% for white
students, 3.4% for Filipino
students, 1.7% for Chinese
students, 1.5% of other nonwhite students, and 0.6% for
students of multiple races.
By grade level, 4.5% of 9th grade
students, 2.3% of 10th grade
students, 4.7% of 11th grade
students, and 2.6% of 12th grade
students reported the use of
methamphetamines.
Overall, there was no significant change
in lifetime methamphetamine use among
SFUSD high school students from 2001
to 2007.
students, and 6.8% of 12th grade
students reported this behavior.
In SFUSD, lifetime ecstasy use
decreased significantly for high school
students from 2001 to 2007.
Changes over Time
Nationally, changes in student reported
drug related behavior varied over time.
•
•
Lifetime Ecstasy Use a
Nationwide, 5.8% of high school
students had used ecstasy (also called
“MDMA”) one or more times during
their life.
•
•
•
•
Lifetime ecstasy use for SFUSD
high school students was 6.7%, a
rate that was not significantly
different from the national rate.
The prevalence was 6.6% for
females and 6.5% for males.
The prevalence by ethnicity was
12.9% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 11.8% for African
American students, 9.5% for
white students, 8.2% for Filipino
students, 6.0% for students of
multiple races, 4.4% for other
non-white students, and 2.8% for
Chinese students.
By grade level, 5.4% of 9th grade
students, 6.0% of 10th grade
students, 8.4% of 11th grade
•
The percentage of students who
reported lifetime and current
marijuana use decreased
significantly from 1997 to 2007.
A significant decrease was found
for the percentage of students
who reported lifetime cocaine
use from 1997 to 2007; there was
also a significant decrease in the
use of ecstasy from 2001 to
2007.
There were no significant
changes from 1997 to 2007 in the
percentage of reported
intravenous drug use or lifetime
illegal steroid use; additionally,
there were no changes in the
percentage of heroin use and
methamphetamines use from
2001 to 2007.
a
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
31
Figure 7: Summary of Age of Initiation of Risk Behaviors
among SFUSD Students
Percentage of Respondents Who:
Smoked a whole
cigarette before age
13 years
12
Drank alcohol before
age 13 years
23
Tried marijuana
before age 13 years
10
0
Age of Initiation of
Risk Behaviors
20
40
•
Smoked a Whole Cigarette
before Age 13 Years
Nearly fourteen percent (14.2%) of high
school students nationwide had smoked
a whole cigarette for the first time before
age 13 years.
•
•
•
The prevalence of having
smoked a whole cigarette before
age 13 years for SFUSD high
school students was 8.9%, a rate
lower compared to the national
rate.
By gender, 7.3% of females and
10.4% of males reported this
behavior.
The prevalence by ethnicity was
14.6% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 11.8% for Filipino
students, 10.1% for white
students, 9.0% for other nonwhite students, 8.0% for students
of multiple races, 6.6% for
60
80
100
African American students, and
5.3% for Chinese students.
By grade level, 9.5% of 9th grade
students, 9.4% of 10th grade
students, 7.8% of 11th grade
students, and 8.9% of 12th grade
students reported this behavior.
Overall, the percentage of SFUSD high
school students who had smoked a
whole cigarette before age 13 years
decreased significantly from 1997 to
2007.
Drank Alcohol before Age 13 Years
Nationwide, 23.8% of high school
students drank alcohol (other than a few
sips) for the first time before age 13
years.
•
•
Almost twenty percent (19.7%)
of high school students reported
this behavior in SFUSD; this rate
was lower than the national rate.
The rate was 17.2% for females
and 21.8% for males.
32
•
•
By ethnicity, the prevalence was
33.5% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 25.5% for students of
multiple races, 25.1% for white
students, 19.5% for Filipino
students, 18.5% for African
American students, 15.5% for
other non-white students, and
13.9% for Chinese students.
Results by grade level show
22.9% of 9th grade students,
20.9% of 10th grade students,
18.8% of 11th grade students, and
15.5% of 12th grade students
reported this behavior.
Overall, the percentage of SFUSD high
school students who drank alcohol
before age 13 years decreased
significantly from 1997 to 2007.
Tried Marijuana before Age 13 Years
•
Overall, the percentage of SFUSD high
school students who had tried marijuana
before age 13 years did not change
significantly from 1997 to 2007.
Changes over Time
Reports of age of initiation behaviors
decreased or remained constant over
time.
•
Nationwide, 8.3% of high school
students had tried marijuana for the first
time before age 13 years.
•
•
•
In SFUSD, 5.7% of high school
students had tried marijuana
before age 13 years, a rate that
was lower than the national rate.
The prevalence was 5.7% for
females and 5.6% for males.
By ethnicity, the rate was 14.5%
for Hispanic/Latino students,
9.9% for Filipino students, 9.0%
for students of multiple races,
8.8% for white students, 8.5% for
African American students, 3.3%
for other non-white students, and
0.8% for Chinese students.
By grade level, the prevalence
was 7.6% for 9th grade students,
6.0% for 10th grade students,
5.8% for 11th grade students, and
3.0% for 12th grade students.
•
A significant decrease was found
in reports of smoking and
drinking before age 13 years
among high school students both
nationally and in SFUSD from
1997 to 2007.
Reports of marijuana use before
the age of 13 years remained
unchanged both nationally and in
SFUSD from 1997 to 2007.
33
Figure 8: Sum m ary of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use on School Property
am ong SFUSD Students
Percentage of Respondents Who:
Smoked cigarettes on school property*
3
Drank alcohol on school property*
5
Used marijuana on school property*
4
Offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school
property**
* In the past 30 days
** In the past 12 months
25
0
Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other
Drug Use on School Property
10
20
30
•
Smoked Cigarettes
on School Property
On one or more of the 30 days preceding
the survey, 5.7% of high school students
nationwide had smoked cigarettes on
school property.
• In SFUSD, 3.1% of high school
students reported smoking school
property; compared to the
national rate, significantly fewer
SFUSD high school students had
engaged in this behavior.
• The prevalence was significantly
higher for males (4.0%)
compared to females was (1.9%).
• By ethnicity, the prevalence was
3.8% for both Hispanic/Latino
and other non-white students,
3.5% for white students, 2.5% for
Chinese students, 2.4% for
students of multiple races, 2.3%
for Filipino students, and 2.0%
for African American students.
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
By grade level, 2.3% of 9th grade
students, 3.1% of 10th grade
students, 3.9% of 11th grade
students, and 3.0% of 12th grade
students reported this behavior.
Cigarette use on school property among
SFUSD high school students decreased
significantly from 1997 to 2007.
Drank Alcohol on School Property
Nationwide, 4.1% of high school
students drank at least one drink of
alcohol on school property on one or
more of the 30 days preceding the
survey.
•
•
The prevalence of drinking
alcohol on school property for
SFUSD high school students was
4.5%, and statistically, it was
similar to the national
prevalence.
The rate was 4.9% for females
and 4.0% for males.
34
•
•
By ethnicity, 12.5% of
Hispanic/Latino students, 8.5%
of white students, 3.9% of
African American students, 3.0%
of students of multiple races,
2.8% of both Filipino and other
non-white students, and 1.1% of
Chinese students reported this
behavior.
By grade level, the prevalence
was 3.7% for 9th grade students,
4.8% for 10th grade students,
5.7% for 11th grade students, and
3.5% for 12th grade students.
Overall, alcohol use on school property
among SFUSD high school students did
not change significantly from 1997 to
2007.
•
Marijuana use on school property among
SFUSD high school students decreased
significantly from 1997 to 2007.
Offered, Sold, or Given an Illegal
Drug on School Property
Nationwide, 22.3% of high school
students had been offered, sold, or given
an illegal drug by someone on school
property during the 12 months preceding
the survey.
•
Used Marijuana on School Property
Nationwide, 4.5% of high school
students had used marijuana on school
property one or more times during the 30
days preceding the survey.
•
•
•
The prevalence of having used
marijuana on school property for
SFUSD high school students was
3.7%; this rate did not differ
from the national rate.
This behavior was reported by
3.2% of females and 4.1% of
males.
The breakdown by ethnicity
shows the prevalence was 9.0%
for white students, 8.7% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 4.8%
for students of multiple races,
3.5% for African American
students, 4.3% for Filipino
students, 2.7% for other nonwhite students, and 0.9% for
Chinese students.
By grade level, 3.9% of 9th grade
students, 3.4% of 10th grade
students, 4.7% of 11th grade
students, and 2.7% of 12th grade
students reported this behavior.
•
•
•
In SFUSD, 24.9% of high school
students had been offered, sold,
or given an illegal drug on school
property, a rate similar
compared to the national rate.
The prevalence was 23.7% for
females and 26.2% for males.
The rate was 38.4% for white
students, 33.5% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 31.8%
for Filipino students, 26.1% for
students of multiple races, 25.2%
for African American students,
23.2% for other non-white
students, and 17.8% for Chinese
students.
By grade level, the rate was
23.3% for 9th grade students,
23.2% for 10th grade students,
27.1% for 11th grade students,
and 27.9% for 12th grade
students.
Overall, there was a significant decrease
in the percentage of SFUSD high school
students who reported that they were
35
offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on
school property from 1997 to 2007.
Changes over Time
•
Reports of marijuana use,
smoking, and reports of being
offered, sold or given an illegal
drug on school property
decreased significantly from
1997 to 2007 in SFUSD.
Student reports of smoking on school
property decreased significantly both
nationally and in SFUSD from 1997 to
2007.
•
The percentage of students who
reported drinking on school
property from 1997 to 2007
decreased nationally, however,
remained constant in SFUSD.
36
Figure 9: Summary of Sexual Behaviors among SFUSD Students
Percentage of Respondents Who:
27
Ever had sexual intercourse
4
Had first sexual intercourse before age 13 years
Had sex w ith 4 or more partners (among those w ho
had sex)
7
18
Are currently sexually active*
71
Used a condom during last sexual intercourse*
Used birth control pills before last sexual intercourse*
15
Drank alcohol or used drugs before last sexual
intercourse*
14
86
Ever taught in school about AIDS or HIV infection
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 100
*In the last 3 months
Sexual Behaviors That
Contribute to Unintended
Pregnancy and STD,
Including HIV Infection
•
•
Ever Had Sexual Intercourse a
Nationwide, 47.8% of high school
students had had sexual intercourse
during their life.
•
a
Among SFUSD high school
students, 26.4% reported having
had sexual intercourse; a rate
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
•
lower compared to the national
rate.
The prevalence was 25.0% for
females and 27.8% for males.
By ethnicity, the rate was 60.0%
for African American students,
48.5% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 38.1% for Filipino
students, 35.1% for white
students, 27.7% for students of
multiple races, 16.1% for other
non-white students, and 11.4%
for Chinese students.
The percentages by grade level
indicates the prevalence was
significantly higher for 10th grade
(26.8%), 11th grade (27.2%), and
12th grade students (35.8%)
37
compared to 9th grade students
(16.4%).
Overall, there was no significant change
from 2001 to 2007 in the percentage of
SFUSD high school students who had
had sexual intercourse.
Had First Sexual Intercourse
before Age 13 Years
Nationwide, 7.1% of high school
students had had sexual intercourse for
the first time before age 13 years.
•
•
•
•
Among SFUSD high school
students, 3.9% reported having
had sexual intercourse before age
13; statistically, this rate was
lower than the national rate.
A significantly higher percentage
of males (5.9%) reported this
behavior compared to females
(1.8%).
By ethnicity, the rate was 12.1%
for African American students,
8.8% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 7.1% for Filipino
students, 3.1% for white
students, 2.5% for students of
multiple races, 0.9% for Chinese
students, and 0.6% for other nonwhite students.
By grade level, this behavior was
reported by 4.7% of 9th grade
students, 3.9% of 10th grade
students, 3.7% of 11th grade
students, and 2.5% of 12th grade
students.
Overall, there was no significant change
in the percentage of SFUSD high school
students who had had sexual intercourse
before age 13 from 1997 to 2007.
Had Sexual Intercourse with Four or
More Persons during Their Life
Nationwide, 14.9% of high school
students had had sexual intercourse with
four or more persons during their life.
•
•
•
•
In SFUSD, 6.5% of high school
students reported this behavior,
which was significantly lower
compared to the national
percentage.
The prevalence was 4.8% for
females and 8.2% for males.
By ethnicity, a significantly
higher rate was found for African
American students (25.9%)
compared to Hispanic/Latino
(12.3%), white (8.8%), students
of multiple races (5.9%), Filipino
(5.1%), other non-white (3.1%),
and Chinese students (1.3%).
The breakdown by grade level
shows 3.5% of 9th grade students,
7.0% of 10th grade students, 5.5%
of 11th grade students, and 9.1%
of 12th grade students reported
this behavior.
Overall, the percentage of SFUSD
students who had had sexual intercourse
with four or more persons during their
life did not change significantly from
1997 to 2007.
Currently Sexually Active
Nationwide, 35.0% of high school
students reported having had sexual
intercourse with one or more persons
during the 3 months preceding the
survey.
•
In SFUSD, 17.5% of high school
students were currently sexually
38
•
•
•
active; this rate was significantly
lower compared to the national
percentage.
The rate was 18.3% for females
and 16.7% for males.
By ethnicity, a significantly
higher prevalence was found
among African American
(43.3%), Hispanic/Latino
(28.9%), white (27.1%), Filipino
(22.2%), and students of multiple
races (19.5%) compared to other
non-white (8.3%) and Chinese
students (8.0%).
By grade level, the rate was 9.5%
for 9th grade students, 15.8% for
10th grade students, 20.1% for
11th grade students, and 25.4%
for 12th grade students.
•
•
Condom use among SFUSD high school
students increased significantly from
1997 to 2007.
Birth Control Pill Use a
Among the 35.0% of currently sexually
active high school students nationwide,
16.0% reported that either they or their
partner had used birth control pills to
prevent pregnancy before last sexual
intercourse.
Overall, there was no significant change
in current sexual activity among SFUSD
high school students from 1997 to 2007.
•
Condom Use a
Among the 35.0% of currently sexually
active high school students nationwide,
61.5% reported that either they or their
partner had used a condom during last
sexual intercourse.
•
•
a
The prevalence of having used a
condom during last sexual
intercourse among the 17.5% of
SFUSD high school students
who reported being currently
sexually active was 70.8%, a rate
that was significantly higher than
from the national rate.
The rate was 67.3% for females
and 74.8% for males.
Breakdown by other ethnicities and grade
levels could not be completed because the
sample size was less than 100 students.
The prevalence by ethnicity was
75.6% for Hispanic/Latino
students.
By grade level, results show
71.0% of 11th grade students and
63.9% of 12th grade students
reported this behavior.
•
•
•
In SFUSD, of the 17.5% of
currently sexually active high
school students, 15.3% reported
having had used birth control
pills, and this rate was not
significantly different compared
to the national rate.
The rate was 18.0% for females
and 12.2% for males.
By ethnicity, 12.4% of
Hispanic/Latino students
reported this behavior.
The prevalence by grade level
was 14.1% for 11th grade students
and 18.5% for 12th grade students.
Overall, there was no significant change
in the percentage of birth control use
among SFUSD high school students
from 1997 to 2007.
a
Breakdown by other ethnicities and grade
levels could not be completed because the
sample size was less than 100 students.
39
Alcohol or Drug Use before
Last Sexual Intercourse a
Among the 35.0% of currently sexually
active high school students nationwide,
22.5% drank alcohol or used drugs
before last sexual intercourse.
•
•
•
•
Of the 17.5% of SFUSD high
school students currently
sexually active, 14.4% reported
this behavior; compared to the
national rate, significantly fewer
SFUSD students drank alcohol or
used drugs before last sexual
intercourse.
The prevalence was 15.0% for
females and 13.6% for males.
Results by ethnicity show the
rate was 16.6% for
Hispanic/Latino students.
By grade level, this behavior was
reported by 13.7% of 11th grade
students and 13.5% of 12th grade
students.
In SFUSD, the percentage of students
who reported alcohol or drug use before
their last sexual intercourse did not
change significantly from 1997 to 2007.
Taught in School about
AIDS or HIV Infection
Nationwide, 89.5% of high school
students had ever been taught in school
about acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS) or HIV infection.
•
a
In SFUSD, 85.5% of high school
students had been taught about
AIDS or HIV infection in school,
Breakdown by other ethnicities and grade
levels could not be completed because the
sample size was less than 100 students.
•
•
•
a rate lower compared to the
national rate.
The prevalence was 86.3% for
females and 84.7% for males.
The rate by ethnicity was 92.3%
for students of multiple races,
90.2% for other non-white
students, 89.5% for white
students, 85.7% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 84.9%
for Chinese students, 84.2% for
Filipino students, and 79.2% for
African American students.
By grade level, 84.0% of 9th
grade students, 82.3% of 10th
grade students, 85.8% of 11th
grade students, and 90.7% of 12th
grade students reported being
taught this subject in school.
Overall, there was a significant decrease
in the percentage of SFUSD high school
students who were taught about AIDS or
HIV infection from 1997 to 2007.
Changes over Time
Sexual behaviors, both nationally and
among SFUSD high school students,
have fluctuated over time.
•
•
High school students reporting
ever having sexual intercourse
remained unchanged from 2001
to 2007.
Reports of all other sexual
behaviors, including having had
their first sexual intercourse
before age 13 years old, having
had sexual intercourse with four
or more persons during their
lifetime, being currently sexually
active, and alcohol or drug use
before last sexual intercourse
remained steady from 1997 to
2007.
40
•
While both nationally and among
SFUSD high school students the
rates of birth control pill usage
remained unchanged from 1007
to 2007, student reports of
•
condom use increased
significantly.
Student reports of having been
taught about AIDS or HIV
infection decreased significantly
from 1997 to 2007.
41
Figure 10: Summary of Dietary Behaviors among SFUSD Students
Percentage of Respondents Who:
Drank 100% fruit juice
one or more times
during the past 7 days
74
Ate fruit one or more
times during the past 7
days
90
Ate green salad or other
vegetables during the
past 7 days
34
Drank 3 or more glasses
of milk/per day
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
* In the past 7 days
Dietary Behaviors
Drank 100% Fruit Juice a
Nationwide, 80.3% of high school
students drank 100% fruit juices one or
more times during the seven days
preceding the survey.
•
•
•
a
In SFUSD, 74.1% of high school
students drank fruit juices during
the seven days preceding the
survey, and this rate was
significantly lower compared to
the national rate.
This behavior was reported by
72.0% of females and 76.3% of
males.
The prevalence by ethnicity was
83.0% for Filipino students,
82.2% for Hispanic/Latino
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
•
students, 80.9% for white
students, 80.1% for students of
multiple races, 79.3% for other
non-white students, 75.1% for
African American students, and
66.1% for Chinese students.
The rate by grade level was
69.1% for 9th grade students,
79.4% for 10th grade students,
74.8% for 11th grade students,
and 73.5% for 12th grade
students.
From 2001 to 2007 there was a decrease
in the percentage of SFUSD high school
students who drank 100% fruit juice.
Ate Fruit a
Nationwide, 85.3% of high school
students ate fruit one or more times
a
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
42
•
during the seven days preceding the
survey.
•
•
•
•
Among SFUSD high school
students, 89.7% reported this, a
rate significantly higher
compared to the national rate.
Females were more likely to eat
fruit compared to males (92.4%
and 87.0%, respectively).
By ethnicity, the prevalence was
96.7% for white students, 92.0%
for Chinese students, 91.3% for
Filipino students, 89.2% for nonwhite students, 87.6% for
students of multiple races, 85.6%
for Hispanic/Latino students, and
80.8% for African American
students.
The rate was 86.4% for 9th grade
students, 91.1% for 10th grade
students, 90.9% for 11th grade
students, and 90.7% for 12th
grade students.
From 2001 to 2007, in SFUSD, there
was an increase in the prevalence of
high students eating fruit.
•
The percentage of students who reported
eating green salad or other vegetables
did not change significantly from 2001
to 2007.
Drank ≥ 3 Glasses of Milk/Day a
Nationwide, 14.1% of high school
students had drunk three or more glasses
of milk per day during the seven days
preceding the survey.
•
Ate Green Salad or
Other Vegetables a b c
•
In SFUSD, 34.4% of high school
students ate green salad or other
vegetables one or more times during the
seven days preceding the survey.
•
•
The prevalence was 37.4% for
females and 31.5% for males.
a
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
b
High school students were not asked this
question nationally.
c
Significance was based on the oldest and most
recent data points, and analysis did not include
data between endpoints.
The rate was 46.4% for white
students, 46.1% for Chinese
students, 35.7% for students of
multiple races, 28.2% for other
non-white students, 23.4% for
Filipino students, 18.8% for
Hispanic/Latino students, and
13.1% for African American
students.
This behavior was reported by
28.5% of 9th grade students,
37.1% of 10th grade students,
35.9% of 11th grade students and
37.6% of 12th grade students.
The prevalence of having drunk
three or more glasses of milk per
day for SFUSD high school
students was 7.3%, a rate lower
compared to the national rate.
Males (10.5%) were significantly
more likely to report this
behavior compared to females
(3.9%).
The breakdown by ethnicity
shows the rate was 11.3% for
Filipino students, 9.8% for
Hispanic/Latino students, 9.7%
for other non-white students,
8.5% for students of multiple
races, 7.8% for white students,
a
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
43
•
5.9% for African American
students, and 4.5% for Chinese
students.
The prevalence was 7.9% for 9th
grade students, 8.1% for 10th
grade students, 7.5% for 11th
grade students, and 5.1% for 12th
grade students.
•
•
Overall, the percentage of SFUSD high
school students who reported drinking
three or more glasses a day of milk did
not change significantly from 2001 to
2007.
Changes over Time
Overall, dietary behaviors have changed
among high school students nationwide
and in SFUSD.
•
Nationally, the percentage of
high school students who
reported drinking three or more
•
glasses of milk per day and who
drank 100% fruit juice decreased
significantly from 1999 to 2007.
Nationally, the percentage of
high school students who ate
fruit did not change significantly
from 1999 to 2007.
In SFUSD the percentage of high
school students who reported
drinking three or more glasses of
milk per day, and the percentage
of students who ate green salad
or other vegetables remained
constant from 2001 to 2007.
In SFUSD the percentage of
students who reported eating fruit
increased; however, the
percentage of students who
reported drinking 100% fruit
juices the week preceding the
survey decreased from 2001 to
2007
44
Figure 11: Summary of Physical Activity Behaviors
among SFUSD Students
Percentage of Respondents Who:
Participated in physcial activity for at least 60 minutes
on five or more days during the past week
34
Watched television three or more hours per day on an
average day
33
Attended physical education classes one or more days
in an average school week
54
Attended physical education classes daily in an average
school week
36
42
Played on one or more sports teams*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
* In the past 12 months
Physical Activity
Met Currently Recommended
Levels of Physical Activity a
•
Nationwide 34.7% of high school
students were physically active for a
total of 60 minutes or more per day on
five or more of the seven days preceding
the survey.
•
•
a
In SFUSD, 33.8% of high school
students reported meeting
currently recommended levels of
physical activity, a rate lower
compared to the national rate.
Males (41.3%) were significantly
more likely to report this
This question was first asked in 2004, therefore
2004 data is compared to 2007.
•
behavior compared to females
(26.1%).
By ethnicity, the prevalence was
43.6% for white students, 37.8%
for students of multiple races,
37.1% for Filipino students,
37.0% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 36.4% for African
American students, 33.1% for
other non-white students, and
29.3% for Chinese students.
Results by grade level show
38.6% of 9th grade students,
39.1% of 10th grade students,
29.2% of 11th grade students, and
26.7% of 12th grade students
reportedly met the current
recommended level of physical
activity.
The percentage of SFUSD high school
students who were physically active for
45
a total of 60 minutes or more per day
significantly increased from 2004 to
2007.
Watched Television
≥ 3 Hours per Day a
Nationwide 35.4% of high school
students watched television three or
more hours per day on an average day.
•
•
•
•
Among SFUSD high school
students, 33.2% reported
watching three or more hours of
television per day; a rate similar
to students nationwide.
This behavior was reported by
31.6% of females and 34.7% of
males.
By ethnicity, the rate was 53.1%
for African American students,
46.6% for Filipino students,
43.3% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 34.7% for students of
multiple races, 31.5% for other
non-white students, 26.3% for
Chinese students, and 16.3% for
white students.
By grade level, the prevalence
was 33.7% for 9th grade students,
38.5% for 10th grade students,
29.0% for 11th grade students,
and 31.0% for 12th grade
students.
Overall, there was a significant decrease
from 2001 to 2007 in the percentage of
students who reported watching three or
more hours of television per day among
SFUSD high school students.
Attended Physical Education Classes
Nationwide 53.6% of high school
students attended physical education
(PE) classes on one or more days in an
average week while they were in school.
•
•
•
•
Among SFUSD high school
students, 54.2% reported
attending PE classes one or more
days in a week, and statistically,
the rate was similar to the
national prevalence.
The prevalence was 50.0% for
females and 58.6% for males.
By ethnicity, the rate was 61.7%
for Hispanic/Latino students,
57.3% for Filipino students,
57.2% for African American
students, 52.2% for white
students, 51.7% for Chinese
students, 51.4% for students of
multiple races, and 51.0% for
other non-white students.
By grade level, results show a
significantly higher prevalence
among 9th (83.6%), and 10th grade
students (75.1%) compared to
11th (26.8%), and 12th grade
students (23.2%).
The percentage of SFUSD high school
students who attended PE classes on one
or more days in an average week did not
change significantly from 1997 to 2007.
Attended Physical
Education Classes Daily
Nearly a third (30.3%) of high school
students nationwide reported attending
PE classes daily in an average week
when they were in school.
•
Among SFUSD high school
students, 36.0% reported
attending PE classes daily; this
a
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
46
•
•
•
rate did not differ from the
national rate.
The rate was 35.2% for females
and 36.9% for males.
The prevalence by ethnicity was
41.9% for Filipino students,
39.0% for Hispanic/Latino
students, 38.6% for other nonwhite student, 34.6% for students
of multiple races, 36.0% for both
Chinese and white students, and
23.7% for African American
students.
By grade level, a significantly
higher percentage of 9th (59.2%)
and 10th grade students (50.5%)
reported attended PE classes
daily compared to 11th (15.0%)
and 12th grade students (13.8%).
Overall, there was no significant change
in the percentage of SFUSD high school
students who attended PE classes daily
from 1997 to 2007.
Played on ≥ 1 Sports Teams
a
More than half (56.3%) of high school
students nationwide reported playing on
one or more sports teams during the 12
months preceding the survey.
•
•
•
The prevalence among SFUSD
high school students was 41.7%;
this rate was significantly lower
compared to the national
percentage.
Males (47.9%) were significantly
more likely to report playing on a
sports team compared to females
(35.4%).
By ethnicity, 48.0% of white
students, 47.1% of
•
Hispanic/Latino students, 45.6%
of African American students,
43.7% of students of multiple
races, 42.9% of Filipino students,
and 37.1% of Chinese students
reported playing on one or more
sports teams.
By grade level, the prevalence
was 41.2% for 9th grade students,
44.2% for 10th grade students,
42.6% for 11th grade students,
and 38.4 for 12th grade students.
Overall, the percentage of SFUSD high
school students playing on one or more
sports teams did not change significantly
from 2001 to 2007.
Changes over Time
Overall, for both national and SFUSD
students, physical activity behaviors
have varied slightly over time.
•
•
•
For both national and SFUSD
students, the percentage of
students who reported watching
television three or more hours
per day decreased significantly
from 1999 to 2007.
Rates of SFUSD high school
students meeting the daily
requirements of physical activity
showed an increase from 2004 to
2007.
No other changes were reported
in all other physical activity
behaviors since 1997.
a
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
47
Figure 12: Sum m ary of Overw eight and Weight Control Behaviors
am ong SFUSD Students
Percentage of Respondents Who:
At risk for becoming
overw eight
13
Overw eight
9
Described themselves
as overw eight
31
Were trying to lose
w eight
42
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
* In the past 30 days
Overweight and Weight Control
•
At Risk for Becoming Overweight a
Based on body mass index (BMI) scores
generated from student reports of their
height and weight, 15.8% of high school
students nationwide were at risk for
becoming overweight (BMI was ≥ 85th
percentile but < 95th percentile).
•
•
a
In SFUSD, 12.5% of high school
students were at risk, a rate lower
compared to the national rate.
The prevalence was 12.1% for
females and 12.9% for males.
1997 data not available; 2001 compared to
2007.
•
By ethnicity, the rate was 22.5%
for Hispanic/Latino students,
22.0% for African American
students, 18.6% for students of
multiple races, 13.9% for white
students, 9.8% for Filipino
students, 8.1% for other nonwhite students, and 7.0% for
Chinese students.
By grade level, the prevalence
was 14.4% for 9th grade students
11.5% for 10th grade students,
12.8% for 11th grade students,
and 11.3% for 12th grade
students.
No significant change was seen in the
percentage of SFUSD high school
48
students at risk for becoming overweight
from 2001 to 2007.
Overweight a
•
Based on BMI scores generated from
student reports of their age and sex,
13.0% of high school students
nationwide were overweight (BMI ≥ 95th
percentile).
•
•
•
•
•
In SFUSD, 8.5% of high school
students were overweight and
this rate was significantly lower
compared to the national rate.
Males (13.0%) were significantly
more likely to be overweight
compared to females (3.7%).
The rate by ethnicity was 15.6%
for Hispanic/Latino students,
14.7% for African American
students, 7.8% for Filipino
students, 6.8% for white
students, 6.7% for other nonwhite students, 6.1% for students
of multiple races, and 5.6% for
Chinese students.
The prevalence was 8.7% for 9th
grade students, 9.9% for 10th
grade students, 7.5% for 11th
grade students, and 8.1% for 12th
grade students.
•
There has been no significant change in
the percentage of SFUSD high school
students who described themselves as
overweight from 1997 to 2007.
Were Trying to Lose Weight
Nationwide 45.2% of high school
students were trying to lose weight.
No significant change from 2001 to 2007
was found in the percentage of SFUSD
high school students who were
overweight.
•
Described Themselves as Overweight
•
Nationwide 29.3% of high school
students described themselves as slightly
or very overweight.
•
•
In SFUSD, 31.2% of high school
students described themselves as
overweight, and statistically, this
rate was similar to the national
rate.
Females (37.0%) were
significantly more likely to
consider themselves overweight
compared to males (25.5%).
By ethnicity, the rate was 36.6%
for Hispanic/Latino students,
33.2% for students of multiple
races, 32.4% for Chinese
students, 30.3% for African
American students, 27.8% for
white students, 27.2% for other
non-white students, and 22.8%
for Filipino students.
Grade level data show the
prevalence was 29.3% for 9th
grade students, 32.0% for 10th
grade students, 30.8% for 11th
grade students, and 32.6% for
12th grade students.
In SFUSD, 42.2% of high school
students reported that they were
trying to lose weight; this rate
was lower compared to the
national rate.
Females were significantly more
likely to report this behavior
compared to males (53.2% and
31.5% respectively).
The rate by ethnicity was 51.1%
for Hispanic/Latino students,
48.9% for students of multiple
races, 41.2% for white students,
49
•
40.7% for Chinese students,
39.9% for African American
students, 39.5% for Filipino
students, and 38.4% for other
non-white students.
By grade level, the percentage of
students reportedly trying to lose
weight was 40.8% for 9th grade
students, 44.3% for 10th grade
students, 40.5% for 11th grade
students, and 43.3% for 12th
grade students.
There was no change in the reported
percentage of SFUSD high school
students trying to lose weight from 1997
to 2007.
Changes over Time
Nationally, weight and dietary behaviors
varied, but these behaviors have
remained steady for SFUSD students.
•
•
Among weight behaviors, the
percentage of high school
students who described
themselves as being slightly or
very overweight, and the
percentage who reported trying
to lose weight increased from
1997 to 2007 nationally.
Student reports of being
overweight or reports of being at
risk for being overweight did not
change significantly since 2001.
50
Summary
Positive Findings: SFUSD Compared to National High School Data
Generally, compared to the national prevalence in high school students, SFUSD high
school students had significantly higher rates of health-promoting behaviors or lower
rates of risk behaviors in each reported behavior area. Specifically, SFUSD high school
students showed higher levels of positive behavior in the following areas:
Behaviors That Contribute to Unintentional Injuries
• Seatbelt non-use (lower)
• Bicycle helmet non-use (lower)
• Riding with a driver who had been drinking alcohol (lower)
• Driving when drinking alcohol (lower)
Behaviors That Contribute to Violence
• Physical fighting (lower)
Tobacco Use
• Lifetime cigarette use (lower)
• Lifetime daily cigarette use (lower)
• Current cigarette use (lower)
• Current frequent cigarette use (lower)
• Tried to quit smoking cigarettes (higher)
Alcohol and Other Drug Use
• Lifetime alcohol use (lower)
• Current alcohol use (lower)
• Episodic heavy drinking(lower)
• Lifetime marijuana use (lower)
• Current marijuana use (lower)
• Lifetime cocaine use (lower)
• Lifetime illegal steroid use (lower)
Age of Initiation of Risk Behaviors
• Smoked a whole cigarette before age 13 years (lower)
Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use on School Property
• Smoked a cigarette on school property (lower)
Sexual Behaviors That Contribute to Unintended Pregnancy and STD, Including
HIV Infection
• Ever having sexual intercourse (lower)
• Having sexual intercourse with four or more persons during their life
(lower)
51
•
•
Current sexual activity (lower)
Alcohol drug use before last sexual intercourse (lower)
Dietary Behaviors
• Fruit consumption (higher)
Overweight and Weight Control
• At risk for becoming overweight (lower)
• Overweight (lower)
Positive Trends: SFUSD High School Students
For each behavior category, SFUSD high school students generally showed positive
trends in behaviors since the year these behaviors were first tracked by SFUSD until
2007. There were significant positive changes (increases in health-promoting behaviors
or decreases in risk behaviors) in the following behavior areas:
Behaviors That Contribute to Unintentional Injuries
• Seatbelt non-use (decreased)
• Helmet non-use (decreased)
• Driving when drinking alcohol (decreased)
Behaviors That Contribute to Violence
• Weapon and gun carrying (decreased)
• Carried a weapon on school property (decreased)
• Physical fighting on school property (decreased)
• Stolen or damaged personal property on school property (decreased)
• Seriously considering suicide (decreased)
Tobacco Use
• Lifetime cigarette use (decreased)
• Lifetime daily cigarette use (decreased)
• Current cigarette use (decreased)
• Current frequent cigarette use (decreased)
Alcohol and Other Drug Use
• Lifetime alcohol use (decreased)
• Current alcohol use (decreased)
• Episodic heavy drinking(decreased)
• Lifetime marijuana use (decreased)
• Current marijuana use (decreased)
• Lifetime cocaine use (decreased)
• Lifetime ecstasy use (decreased)
Age of Initiation of Risk Behaviors
52
•
•
Smoked a whole cigarette before age 13 years (decreased)
Drank alcohol before age 13 years (decreased)
Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use on School Property
• Smoked a cigarette on school property (decreased)
• Used marijuana on school property (decreased)
• Offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property (decreased)
Sexual Behaviors That Contribute to Unintended Pregnancy and STD, Including
HIV Infection
• Condom use (increased)
Dietary Behaviors
• Fruit consumption (increased)
Physical Activity
• Met currently recommended levels of physical activity (increased)
• Television watching (decreased)
Negative Findings: SFUSD Compared to National High School Data
Overall, in each behavior category, SFUSD high school students usually had higher or
equivalent rates of positive behavior compared to national prevalence for high school
students. However, SFUSD high school students had significantly lower rates of healthpromoting behaviors or higher rates of risk behaviors in the following behavior areas:
Behaviors That Contribute to Violence
• Not going to school because of safety concerns (higher)
Tobacco Use
• Bought cigarettes in a store or gas station (higher)
Sexual Behaviors That Contribute to Unintended Pregnancy and STD, Including
HIV Infection
• Been taught in school about AIDS or HIV infection (lower)
Dietary Behaviors
• Fruit juice consumption (lower)
• Milk consumption (lower)
Physical Activity
• Played on sports teams (lower)
Negative Trends: SFUSD High School Students
53
For SFUSD high school students there were significant negative trends (increases in risk
behaviors or decreases in health-promoting behaviors) in the following behavior areas:
Behaviors That Contribute to Unintentional Injuries
• Dating violence (increased)
Sexual Behaviors That Contribute to Unintended Pregnancy and STD, Including
HIV Infection
• Been taught in school about AIDS or HIV infection (decreased)
Dietary Behaviors
• Fruit juice consumption (decreased)
54
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). Overweight and Obesity: Home.
Retrieved August 11, 2006, from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). Trend Fact Sheets, 1991-2005.
Retrieved August 7, 2006, from http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/trends.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and
Control (2006). Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS)
[Data file]. Retrieved August 11, 2006, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars
Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Ross, J., Hawkins, J., Harris, W. A., et al. (2005).
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance - United States, 2005. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly
Report, 55(SS-5), 1–108.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2005). Results from the
2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings (NSDUH Series H28, DHHS Publication No. SMA 05-4062). Rockville, MD: Author.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2000). Healthy People 2010:
Understanding and Improving Health. (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government
Printing Office.
Ventura, S.J., Abma, J.C., Mosher, W.D., & Henshaw, S. (2004). Estimated pregnancy
rates for the United States, 1990-2000: An update. (DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 20041120). National Vital Statistics Reports, 52(23), 1-10.
55
Table 1: Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderBehaviors That Contribute to Unintentional Injuries
Percentage of students who rarely or never wore a seat belt when riding a car driven by
someone else
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
8.5
13.6
11.1
SFUSD High School a
6.0
7.4
6.7
Percentage of students who rarely or never wore a bicycle helmet
Female
Male
United States High School a
82.2
87.4
SFUSD High School a
62.3
74.7
Total
85.1
69.7
Percentage of students who rode in a car or other vehicle driven by someone who had been
drinking alcohol one or more times in the past 30 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
28.8
29.5
29.1
SFUSD High School
18.4
17.6
18.0
Percentage of students who drove a car or other vehicle when they had been drinking alcohol
one or more times during the past 30 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
8.1
12.8
10.5
SFUSD High School a
2.1
3.4
2.8
a
Statistically significant
56
Table 2: Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderBehaviors That Contribute to Violence
Percentage of students who were a victim of verbal slurs in the past 30 days because of their
race or ethnicity
Female
Male
Total
United States High School
SFUSD High School
18.9
26.1
22.5
Percentage of students who were a victim of verbal slurs in the past 30 days because of their
weight, size or physical appearance
Female
Male
Total
United States High School
SFUSD High School
19.7
20.3
20.0
Percentage of students who carried a weapon such as a gun, knife or club on one or more of
the past 30 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
7.5
28.5
18.0
SFUSD High School a
5.6
11.5
8.6
Percentage of students who carried a gun on one or more times during the past 30 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
1.2
9.0
5.2
SFUSD High School
0.9
3.3
2.1
Percentage of students who were in a physical fight one or more times during the past 12
months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
26.5
44.4
35.5
SFUSD High School
18.9
26.6
22.8
Percentage of students who were injured in a physical fight
Female
United States High School a
2.9
SFUSD High School
2.0
Male
5.5
4.4
Total
4.2
3.3
Percentage of students who experienced dating violence (Percentage of students who were hit,
slapped, nor physically hurt on purpose by their boyfriend or girlfriend during the past 12
months)
Female
Male
Total
United States High School
8.8
11.0
9.9
SFUSD High School a
9.2
9.9
9.6
Percentage of students who were ever physically forced to have sexual intercourse when they
did not want to
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
11.3
4.5
7.8
SFUSD High School
8.6
4.4
6.5
a
Statistically significant
57
Table 2 (continued): Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderBehaviors That Contribute to Violence
Percentage of students who carried a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on school property
on one or more of the past 30 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
2.7
9.0
5.9
SFUSD High School a
3.4
6.4
4.9
Percentage of students who were threatened or injured with a weapon such as a gun, knife, or
club on school property one or more times during the past 12 months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
5.4
10.2
7.8
SFUSD High School
5.6
11.8
8.8
Percentage of students who were in a physical fight on school property one or more times
during the past 12 months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
8.5
16.3
12.4
SFUSD High School a
5.7
10.5
8.1
Percentage of students who did not go to school because they felt unsafe at school or on their
way to or from school on one or more of the past 30 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School
5.6
5.4
5.5
SFUSD High School
7.6
7.2
7.4
Percentage of students who had their property, such as their car, clothing, or books stolen or
deliberately damaged on school property one or more times during the past 12 months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
23.7
30.4
27.1
SFUSD High School a
20.1
29.1
24.7
Percentage of students who felt sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a
row that they stopped doing some usual activities during the past 12 months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
35.8
21.2
28.5
SFUSD High School
33.1
22.4
27.7
Percentage of students who seriously considered attempting suicide during the past 12
months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
18.7
10.3
14.5
SFUSD High School a
15.4
10.2
12.8
Percentage of students who made a plan about how they would attempt suicide during the past
12 months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
13.4
9.2
11.3
SFUSD High School
15.1
11.8
13.5
a
Statistically significant
58
Table 2 (continued): Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderBehaviors That Contribute to Violence
Percentage of students who actually attempted suicide one or more times during the past 12
months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
9.3
4.6
6.9
SFUSD High School
7.3
5.3
6.4
Percentage of students whose attempted suicide resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose
that had to be (treated) treatment from a doctor or nurse during the past 12 months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
2.4
1.5
2.0
SFUSD High School
1.5
2.3
1.9
a
Statistically significant
59
Table 3: Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderTobacco Use
Percentage of students who ever smoked cigarettes, even one or two puffs
Female
Male
United States High School a
48.8
51.8
SFUSD High School a
34.5
38.4
Total
50.3
36.5
Percentage of students who ever smoked cigarettes daily, that is, at least one cigarette every
day for 30 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School
11.8
13.0
12.4
SFUSD High School a
5.2
6.7
6.0
Percentage of students who currently smoked cigarettes
Female
United States High School
18.7
SFUSD High School a
7.1
Male
21.3
8.7
Percentage of students who smoked cigarettes on > 20 of the past 30 days
Female
Male
United States High School
7.4
8.7
SFUSD High School a
1.1
2.6
Total
20.0
8.0
Total
8.1
1.9
Among students who are current smokers, the percentage of students who smoked more than
10 cigarettes per day on the days they smoked during the past 30 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
7.1
13.8
10.7
SFUSD High School b
5.2
3.1
Among students who are current smokers, the percentage of students who tried to quit
smoking cigarettes during the past 12 months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
55.1
45.1
49.7
SFUSD High School b
70.7
61.9
Among students who are less than 18 years of age and who are current smokers, the
percentage of students who usually bought their own cigarettes by buying them in a store or
gas station during the past 30 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
11.3
20.0
16.0
SFUSD High School c
28.1
a
Statistically significant
Breakdown by female could not be completed because the sample size was less than 100 students.
c
Breakdown by either gender could not be completed because the sample size was less than 100 students.
b
60
Table 4: Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderAlcohol and Other Drug Use
Percentage of students who drank at least one drink of alcohol on one or more days during
their lifetime
Female
Male
Total
United States High School
75.7
74.3
75.0
SFUSD High School a
53.7
52.8
53.2
Percentage of students who had at least one drink of alcohol on ≥ 1 of the past 30 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School
44.6
44.7
44.7
SFUSD High School a
24.0
20.4
22.3
Percentage of students who had five or more drinks of alcohol in a row (i.e., within a couple of
hours) on one or more of the past 30 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
24.1
27.8
26.0
SFUSD High School a
11.7
9.0
10.6
Percentage of students who used marijuana one or more times during their life
Female
Male
United States High School
34.5
41.6
SFUSD High School a
22.9
22.6
Total
38.1
22.8
Percentage of students who used marijuana one or more times during the past 30 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
17.0
22.4
19.7
SFUSD High School a
12.2
10.6
11.4
Percentage of students who used any form of cocaine, including powder, crack, or freebase
one or more times during their life
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
6.5
7.8
7.2
SFUSD High School a
4.0
5.2
4.6
Percentage of students who used a needle to inject any illegal drug into their body one or more
times during their life
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
1.3
2.6
2.0
SFUSD High School
2.0
3.1
2.6
Percentage of students who took illegal steroids (steroid pills or shots) one or more times
during their life without a doctor’s prescription
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
2.7
5.1
3.9
SFUSD High School
2.4
2.9
2.7
Percentage of students who used heroin one or more times during their life
Female
Male
United States High School a
1.6
2.9
SFUSD High School
1.6
2.7
a
Total
2.3
2.3
Statistically significant
61
Table 4 (continued): Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderAlcohol and Other Drug Use
Percentage of students who used methamphetamines one or more times during their life
Female
Male
Total
United States High School
4.1
4.6
4.4
SFUSD High School
3.0
4.0
3.6
Percentage of students who have used ecstasy (also called MDMA or XTC) one or more times
during their life
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
4.8
6.7
5.8
SFUSD High School a
6.6
6.5
6.7
a
Statistically significant
62
Table 5: Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderAge of Initiation of Risk Behaviors
Percentage of students who smoked a whole cigarette for the first time before age 13
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
11.9
16.4
14.2
SFUSD High School a
7.3
10.4
8.9
Percentage of students who drank alcohol (had their first drink of alcohol other than a few
sips) before age 13
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
20.0
27.4
23.8
SFUSD High School a
17.2
21.8
19.7
Percentage of students who tried marijuana for the first time before age 13
Female
Male
United States High School a
5.2
11.2
SFUSD High School
5.7
5.6
a
Total
8.3
5.7
Statistically significant
63
Table 6: Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderTobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use on School Property
Percentage of students who smoked cigarettes on school property on one or more of the past
30 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School
4.8
6.5
5.7
SFUSD High School a
1.9
4.0
3.1
Percentage of students who drank alcohol school property on one or more of the past 30 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
3.6
4.6
4.1
SFUSD High School
4.9
4.8
4.5
Percentage of students who used marijuana on school property one or more times during the
past 30 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
3.0
5.9
4.5
SFUSD High School a
3.2
4.1
3.7
Percentage of students who was offered, sold, or given an illegal drug by someone on school
property during the past 12 months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
18.7
25.7
22.3
SFUSD High School a
23.7
26.2
24.9
a
Statistically significant
64
Table 7: Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderSexual Behaviors That Contribute to Unintended
Pregnancy and STD, Including HIV Infection
Percentage of students who have ever had sexual intercourse
Female
Male
United States High School
45.9
49.8
SFUSD High School
25.0
27.8
Total
47.8
26.4
Percentage of students who had first sexual intercourse before age 13
Female
Male
United States High School a
4.0
10.1
SFUSD High School
1.8
5.9
Total
7.1
3.9
Percentage of students who had sexual intercourse with > 4 people during their life
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
11.8
17.9
14.9
SFUSD High School
4.8
8.2
6.5
Percentage of students who had sexual intercourse with one or more people during the past
three months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School
35.6
34.3
35.0
SFUSD High School
18.3
16.7
17.5
Among students who had sexual intercourse, the percentage of students who used a condom
during last sexual intercourse during the past three months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
54.9
68.5
61.5
SFUSD High School a
67.3
74.8
70.8
Among students who had sexual intercourse, the percentage of students who used birth
control pills to prevent pregnancy before last sexual intercourse during the past three months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
18.7
13.1
16.0
SFUSD High School
18.0
12.2
15.3
Among students who had sexual intercourse, the percentage of students who drank alcohol or
used drugs before last sexual intercourse during the past three months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
17.7
27.5
22.5
SFUSD High School
15.0
13.6
14.4
Percentage of students who were taught in school about Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS) or Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV)
Female
Male
Total
United States High School
90.2
88.7
89.5
SFUSD High School a
86.3
84.7
85.5
a
Statistically significant
65
Table 8: Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderDietary Behaviors
Percentage of students who drank 100% fruit juice one or more times during the past 7 days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
78.9
81.6
80.3
SFUSD High School a
72.0
76.3
74.1
Percentage of students who ate fruit one or more times during the past 7 days
Female
Male
United States High School
86.0
84.8
SFUSD High School a
92.4
87.0
Total
85.3
89.7
Percentage of students who ate green salad or other vegetables one or more times during the
past seven days b
Female
Male
Total
United States High School
SFUSD High School
75.1
77.9
76.6
Percentage of students who drank > 3 glasses of milk per day during the past seven days
Female
Male
Total
United States High School
8.8
19.4
14.1
SFUSD High School
3.9
10.5
7.3
a
b
Statistically significant
Question was only asked on SFUSD HS survey.
66
Table 9: Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderPhysical Activity
Percentage of students who met currently recommended level of physical activity (were
physically active for a total of 60 minutes or more per day on five or more of the past seven
days)
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
25.6
43.7
34.7
SFUSD High School a
26.1
41.3
33.8
Percentage of students who watched television > 3 hours per day on an average school day
Female
Male
Total
United States High School
33.2
37.5
35.4
SFUSD High School a
31.6
34.7
33.2
Percentage of students who attended PE classes on one or more days in an average week
when they were in school
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
49.4
57.7
53.6
SFUSD High School
50.0
58.6
54.2
Percentage of students who attended PE classes daily in an average week when they were in
school
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
27.3
33.2
30.3
SFUSD High School
35.2
36.9
36.0
Percentage of students who played on one or more sports teams during the past 12 months
Female
Male
Total
United States High School a
50.4
62.1
56.3
SFUSD High School
35.4
47.9
41.7
a
Statistically significant
67
Table 10: Summary of 2007 HS Results by GenderOverweight and Weight Control
Percentage of students who were at risk for becoming overweight (i.e., at or above the 95th
percentile for body mass index, by age and sex)a
Female
Male
Total
United States High School
15.1
16.4
15.8
SFUSD High School
12.1
12.9
12.5
Percentage of students who were overweight (i.e., at or above the 95th percentile for body mass
index, by age and sex)
Female
Male
Total
United States High School b
9.6
16.3
13.0
SFUSD High School
3.7
13.0
8.5
Percentage of students who described themselves as slightly or very overweight
Female
Male
United States High School b
34.5
24.2
SFUSD High School
37.0
25.5
Total
29.3
31.2
Percentage of students who were trying to lose weight
Female
United States High School b
60.3
SFUSD High School
53.2
Total
45.2
42.2
a
Male
30.4
31.5
th
Note: previous Youth Risk Behavior Survey reports used the term “overweight” to describe youth with a BMI ≥95
th
th
percentile for age and sex and “at risk for overweight” for those with a BMI ≥85 percentile and <95 percentile. However,
this report uses the terms “obese” and “overweight” in accordance with the 2007 recommendations from the Expert
Committee on the Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment of Child and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity convened by
the American Medical Association (AMA) and cofounded by AMA in collaboration with the Health Resources and Services
Administration and CDC.
b
Statistically significant
68
Table 11: Summary of trends- Behaviors that Contribute to Unintentional Injuries
Indicator
2007 Result—
Percentage of
Students Reporting
1997 Result—
Percentage of Students
Reporting
Net Change in
Percentage Points Since
1997 a
Percentage of students who had never or rarely wore a seat belt when riding in a car driven by
someone else
SFUSD High School
6.7%
8.5%
1.8 decrease
Among students who rode a bicycle, the percentage who never or rarely wore a bicycle helmet
during the past 12 months
SFUSD High School
69.7%
75.6%
5.9 decrease
Percentage of students who rode one or more times in a car or other vehicle driven by someone who
had been drinking alcohol during the past 30 days
SFUSD High School
18.0%
20.7%
no change
Percentage of students who had driven a car or other vehicle one or more times when they had been
drinking alcohol during the 30 days
SFUSD High School
2.8%
4.6%
1.8 decrease
a
Note: Trend analysis procedures compared the 1997 result to the 2007 result and used confidence intervals to determine
significance. All changes included in the table are statistically significant at p<.05
69
Table 12: Summary of trends- Behaviors that Contribute to Violence
Indicator
2007 Result—
Percentage of
Students Reporting
1997 Result—
Percentage of Students
Reporting
Net Change in
Percentage Points Since
1997 a
Percentage of students who have been a victim of verbal slurs in the past 30 days due to their
race/ethnicity b
SFUSD High School
22.5%
14.2%
no change
Percentage of students who have been a victim of verbal slurs in the past 30 days due to their
physical appearance b
SFUSD High School
20.0%
14.2%
no change
Percentage of students who have carried a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on one or more of
the past 30 days
SFUSD High School
8.6%
14.2%
5.6 decrease
Percentage of students who carried a gun on one or more of the past 30 days
SFUSD High School
2.1%
3.3%
no change
Percentage of students who were in a physical fight one or more times during the past 12 months
SFUSD High School
22.8%
26.6%
no change
Injured in a physical fight one or more times that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse during the
past 12 months
SFUSD High School
3.3%
2.5%
no change
Percentage of students who had been hit, slapped, or physically hurt on purpose by their boyfriend
or girlfriend (i.e., dating) violence during the past 12 months
SFUSD High School b
9.6%
7.2%
2.4 increase
Percentage of students who had ever been physically forced to have sexual intercourse when they
did not want to
SFUSD High School b
6.5%
4.9%
no change
Percentage of students who carried a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on school property on
one or more of the past 30 days
SFUSD High School
4.9%
7.8%
2.9 decrease
Percentage of students who had been threatened or injured with a weapon such as a gun, knife, or
club on school property one or more times during the past 12 months
SFUSD High School
8.8%
8.5%
no change
Percentage of students who were in a physical fight on school property on one or more times during
the past 12 months
SFUSD High School
8.1%
11.2%
3.1 decrease
Percentage of students who did not go to school on one or more of the past 30 days because they
felt unsafe at school or on their way to or from school
SFUSD High School
7.4%
6.6%
no change
a
Note: Trend analysis procedures compared the 1997 result to the 2007 result and used confidence intervals to determine
significance. All changes included in the table are statistically significant at p<.05
b
This question was first asked in 2001, not 1997.
c
Slight wording change after 1997, but still using 1997 as baseline indicator.
70
Table 12 (continued): Summary of trends (continued)- Behaviors that Contribute to Violence
Indicator
2007 Result—
Percentage of
Students Reporting
1997 Result—
Percentage of Students
Reporting
Net Change in
Percentage Points Since
1997 a
Percentage of students who had had property, such as their car, clothing, or books stolen or
damaged on school property during the past 12 months c
SFUSD High School
24.7%
27.0%
2.3 decrease
Percentage of students who, during the past 12 months, ever felt so sad or hopeless almost every
day for two weeks or more in a row that they stopped doing some usual activities
SFUSD High School b
27.7%
28.6
no change
Percentage of students who seriously considered attempting suicide during the past 12 months
SFUSD High School
12.8%
20.1%
7.3 decrease
Percentage of students who had made a plan about how they would attempt suicide during the past
during the past 12 months
SFUSD High School
13.5%
15.2%
no change
Percentage of students who attempted suicide during the past during the past 12 months
SFUSD High School
6.4%
7.5%
no change
Percentage of students who had made a suicide attempt that resulted in an injury, poisoning, or
overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse during the during the past 12 months
SFUSD High School
1.9%
2.8%
no change
a
Note: Trend analysis procedures compared the 1997 result to the 2007 result and used confidence intervals to determine
significance. All changes included in the table are statistically significant at p<.05
b
This question was first asked in 2001, not 1997.
71
Table 13: Summary of trends -Tobacco Use
Indicator
2007 Result—
Percentage of
Students Reporting
1997 Result—
Percentage of Students
Reporting
Net Change in
Percentage Points Since
1997 a
Percentage of students who ever tried cigarette smoking, even one or two puffs (i.e., lifetime
cigarette use)
SFUSD High School
36.5%
60.0%
23.5 decrease
Percentage of students who ever smoked cigarettes daily, that is, at least one cigarette every day for
30 days
SFUSD High School b
6.0%
11.8%
5.8 decrease
Percentage of students who smoked cigarettes on one or more of the past 30 days
SFUSD High School
8.0%
19.1%
11.1 decrease
Percentage of students who smoked cigarettes on 20 or more of the past 30 days
SFUSD High School
1.9%
6.9%
5.0 decrease
Percentage of students who smoked more than 10 cigarettes a day on the days they smoked during
the past 30 days
SFUSD High School
3.1%
7.4%
no change
Among the students who reported current cigarette use, the percentage who had tried to quit
smoking cigarettes during the last 12 months
SFUSD High School b
61.9%
65.1%
no change
Among the students who reported current cigarette use, and who were less than 18 years old, the
percentage of students who usually got their own cigarettes by buying them in a store or gas station
during the past 30 days
SFUSD High School b
28.1%
28.7%
no change
a
Note: Trend analysis procedures compared the 1997 result to the 2007 result and used confidence intervals to determine
significance. All changes included in the table are statistically significant at p<.05.
b
This question was first asked in 2001, not 1997.
72
Table 14: Summary of trends – Alcohol and Other Drug Use
Indicator
2007 Result—
Percentage of
Students Reporting
1997 Result—
Percentage of Students
Reporting
Net Change in
Percentage Points Since
1997 a
Percentage of students who had at least one drink of alcohol on one or more days during their life
SFUSD High School
53.2%
59.2%
6.0 decrease
Percentage of students who had at least one drink of alcohol on one or more of the past 30 days
SFUSD High School
22.3%
27.5%
5.2 decrease
Percentage of students who had five or more drinks of alcohol in a row, that is, within a couple of
hours, on one or more of the past 30 days
SFUSD High School
10.4%
12.6%
2.2 decrease
Percentage of students who used marijuana one or more times during their life
SFUSD High School
22.8%
33.0%
10.2 decrease
Percentage of students who used marijuana one or more times during the past 30 days
SFUSD High School
11.4%
17.1%
5.7 decrease
Percentage of students who used any form of cocaine (e.g., powder, crack, or freebase) one or more
times during their life
SFUSD High School
4.6%
5.7%
1.1 decrease
Percentage of students who had used a needle to inject any illegal drug into their body one or more
times during their life
SFUSD High School
2.6%
1.3%
no change
Percentage of students who had used illegal steroids one or more times during their life
SFUSD High School
2.7%
2.9%
no change
Percentage of students who had used heroin (also called “smack,” “junk,” or “China White”) one or
more times during their life
SFUSD High School b
2.3%
1.7%
no change
Percentage of students who had used methamphetamines (also called “speed,” “crystal,” “crank,” or
“ice”) on one or more times during their life
SFUSD High School b
3.6%
4.6%
no change
Percentage of students who had used ecstasy (also called “MDMA”) one or more times during their
life
SFUSD High School b
6.7%
11.3%
6.7 decrease
a
Note: Trend analysis procedures compared the 1997 result to the 2007 result and used confidence intervals to determine
significance. All changes included in the table are statistically significant at p<.05
b
This question was first asked in 2001, not 1997.
73
Table 15: Summary of trends- Age of Initiation of Risk Behaviors
Indicator
2007 Result—
Percentage of
Students Reporting
1997 Result—
Percentage of Students
Reporting
Net Change in
Percentage Points Since
1997 a
Percentage of students who smoked a whole cigarette for the first time before age 13
SFUSD High School
8.9%
17.9%
9.0 decrease
Percentage of students who had drunk alcohol (other than a few sips) for the first time before age 13
SFUSD High School
19.7%
28.6%
8.9 decrease
Percentage of students who had tried marijuana for the first time before age 13
SFUSD High School
5.7%
8.6%
no change
a
Note: Trend analysis procedures compared the 1997 result to the 2007 result and used confidence intervals to determine
significance. All changes included in the table are statistically significant at p<.05
74
Table 16: Summary of trends- Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use on School Property
Indicator
2007 Result—
Percentage of
Students Reporting
1997 Result—
Percentage of Students
Reporting
Net Change in
Percentage Points Since
1997 a
Percentage of students who had smoked cigarettes on school property one or more times during the
past 30 days
SFUSD High School
3.1%
9.3%
6.2 decrease
Percentage of students who had drunk at least one drink on alcohol on school property one or more
times during the past 30 days
SFUSD High School
4.5%
5.4%
no change
Percentage of students who used marijuana on school property one or more times during the past 30
days
SFUSD High School
3.7%
6.7%
3.0 decrease
Percentage of students who were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property by
someone during the past 12 months
SFUSD High School
24.9%
37.0%
12.1 decrease
a
Note: Trend analysis procedures compared the 1997 result to the 2007 result and used confidence intervals to determine
significance. All changes included in the table are statistically significant at p<.05
75
Table 17: Summary of trends- Sexual Behaviors That Contribute to Unintended
Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, including HIV Infection
Indicator
2007 Result—
Percentage of
Students Reporting
1997 Result—
Percentage of Students
Reporting
Net Change in
Percentage Points Since
1997 a
Percentage of students who ever had had sexual intercourse
SFUSD High School b
26.4%
29.8%
no change
Percentage of students who had had sexual intercourse for the first time before age 13 years
SFUSD High School
3.9%
4.6%
no change
Percentage of students who had had sexual intercourse with four or more persons during their life
SFUSD High School
6.5%
8.8%
no change
Percentage of students who had had sexual intercourse with one or more persons during the last 3
months
SFUSD High School
17.5%
19.7%
no change
Percentage of students who had used a condom during last sexual intercourse (of students who had
sexual intercourse during the past three months)
SFUSD High School
70.8%
57.1%
13.7 increase
Percentage of students who reported that they or their partner had used birth control pills to prevent
pregnancy before last sexual intercourse (of students who had sexual intercourse during the past
three months)
SFUSD High School
15.3%
12.6%
no change
Percentage of students who drank alcohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse (of students
who had sexual intercourse during the past three months)
SFUSD High School b
14.4%
15.2%
no change
Percentage of students who had ever been taught about AIDS or HIV infection in school
SFUSD High School
85.5%
91.8%
6.3 decrease
a
Note: Trend analysis procedures compared the 1997 result to the 2007 result and used confidence intervals to determine
significance. All changes included in the table are statistically significant at p<.05.
b
This question was first asked in 2001, not 1997.
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Table 18: Summary of trends- Dietary Behaviors
Indicator
2007 Result—
Percentage of
Students Reporting
1997 Result—
Percentage of Students
Reporting
Net Change in
Percentage Points Since
1997 a
Percentage of students who had drunk 100% fruit juices one or more times during the past seven
days
SFUSD High School b
74.1
79.9
5.8 decrease
Percentage of students who ate fruit one or more times during the past 7 days
SFUSD High School b
89.7
86.1
3.6 increase
Percentage of students who ate green salad or other vegetables one or more times during the past
seven days
SFUSD High School b
34.4%
38.1%
no change
Percentage of students who had drunk three or more glasses of milk per day during the past seven
days
SFUSD High School b
7.3%
8.7%
no change
a
Note: Trend analysis procedures compared the 1997 result to the 2007 result and used confidence intervals to determine
significance. All changes included in the table are statistically significant at p<.05.
b
This question was first asked in 2001, not 1997.
77
Table 19: Summary of trends- Physical Activity
Indicator
2007 Result—
Percentage of
Students Reporting
1997 Result—
Percentage of Students
Reporting
Net Change in
Percentage Points Since
1997 a
Percentage of students who were physically active for a total of 60 minutes or more per day on five
or more of the past seven days
SFUSD High School b
33.8%
24.5
9.3 increase
Percentage of students who watched three or more hours of TV per day on an average school day
SFUSD High School c
32.3%
45.0%
11.8 decrease
Percentage of students who attended physical education class one or more days during an average
school week
SFUSD High School
54.2%
51.9%
no change
Percentage of students who attended physical education class daily in an average school week
SFUSD High School
36.0%
38.2%
no change
Percentage of students who played on one or more sports teams during the past 12 months
SFUSD High School c
41.7%
44.5%
no change
a
Note: Trend analysis procedures compared the 1997 result to the 2007 result and used confidence intervals to determine
significance. All changes included in the table are statistically significant at p<.05
b
This question was first asked in 2005, not 1997.
c
This question was first asked in 2001, not 1997.
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Table 20: Summary of trends- Overweight and Weight Control
Indicator
2007 Result—
Percentage of
Students Reporting
1997 Result—
Percentage of Students
Reporting
Net Change in
Percentage Points Since
1997 a
Percentage of students who are at risk for becoming overweight
SFUSD High School b
12.5%
11.5%
no change
10.6%
no change
Percentage of students who are overweight
SFUSD High School b
8.5%
Percentage of students who described themselves as slightly or very overweight
SFUSD High School
31.2%
30.3%
no change
41.3%
no change
Percentage of students who were trying to lose weight
SFUSD High School
42.2%
a
Note: Trend analysis procedures compared the 1997 result to the 2007 result and used confidence intervals to determine
significance. All changes included in the table are statistically significant at p<.05.
b
This question was first asked in 2001, not 1997.
79