Chepter
l: lntroductioDi
Urbeizii@
tu a
pM6
of
orv6id
of
nEt
$ntmtvsml lorc
lo Etrd s€ntclMrs in
qporio! of Fnltui &d poputstio ifttle in itE sadelMl.
Now_.- days.
rMbd of fadoE ilttue@ ih. Eb.liz:tid s@h s irdEridiztion. druat populaiion
lhe fom of
largc
iicrte,
.ducltio! ud he.l[ fa.ihics, buines' wi6 eo govh4enl pt@itrs.
LrhoE bs
ben 6 hhoncd ub€! senlmeni Ttc old w.I city ba .xp&d.d
E€IMdouly, At lhe dne of
indepe.ddce in spir€ of one of the @jor ube
@dero n B I r€ry sn ll ulbd cdr€ s
compft b ub6 cdlcE ir the d.veloped owni€! such s
Lon.l,.4 pdt ed New yort, Th€
Ii6t populalion caB ofplhstan wa! c.ri€d oli io t 951 ed
subseqhdy in t961, l9?2. l98l
and 1998, ft. gen4t of L.norc hs bd vay
st .dy since t95l ro t98t bu Laioe nas
expand.d @moqly Mrho o,limirs
liftc l98O!. Th. qp6si@ ofubh dseloDnd hs
foEcd !h. gov@l ro d6t@ $e wtDl.
lrlDF difict 6 !.IoE ciry di iid.
Hufu
populatjon is dE @r+ibri@ of
hb.r idiridutt
Fdjtre in ! lErricule gogr@hjc
or sp@ wbjch i3 [email protected] by ! cG$, poPutalio
Cb$r! @ b€ tm.d s a shift in
popurston droDt ove dnq
ud @ be gsuged 6 th. choSc D oe nDbd ot individuts
of a
population ove a uit ti@. Ih.
ted p.Dubtion gD*,l! @ D€ Eri.&l !o ey srois,
bul in
acad€nia of g.oSspby it i! @rc prone
io hul]e, The worjd hs pirresed uF4eddrd
populalDo gronrh in ik dill@nt
ares in rhe M6t p6i. Ii B a boad day fel
$at porul,ijor
sow|n adves.ti dftdrs sononic d*.topndr,
@
Gacionc. 2o0t
Th€ popularion of Palisr.r
ore of $e
i!
l
showing a .hing r€nd wirh rh. n!€ of 2.6yq pq
hid6r in rh. hdd
(Ctop, 2oo5).
rtis
A6h
whjch h
sr7_hi& nsc ,n popui ion b ldvhety
oftivi.g ofou peopl€. A€odirg b .rdrc sid.|.ri.rics
mE rh.n 1.37
hillion individuds
add€<t evry
p&is1aa
)rt . In I947,
ws rh. I ld mn populou cohry io
th€ wdld, wirh 32_5 eillio! p@pl€ (cor,2OOO).
t! l99E, n o* o $c wdth pcilior Mth a
popuknon of 130.6 mili@, whil.
bdry ir is &c sjrld,b6r popuou @ury. No @eiv.bl.
developn.d ple cd lslai! s@h a r.te ofpQulotion
gDu4L
.f€trne
thc al,n(l[d
e
e
poFi.rid @ e@- (i) vhd nrrud i'c@e *ceeds net
cnisralioq (ji) who net imightion dc..d! miu6l [email protected] dd (iii) wbm lh6e is both
nalml imesr dd nel ilmjgdio. Bricny sp.aking the gb*,U of popdalion i! a iuciion of
rclalionship bctv@ binb lrd d..rb! llrbs ltD rhc abstulc teei of .irhs h.lor. Rlpid
populatio. g@wth b onc of tn€ mlr cdnd md siors poblffi f&ed by host.otions in
dbr's world, Bpeially rho* in lI. thid wrld - P.ttran. Ii t qune old th.r ou pldci hs
bm, for thc lst fq d..rtLs, in th. grip of ! iEm.nlou poput.rid dplosion lhot ha y.r
Thcrc
rtre waF in
which
shoM ro signs of subsiding This npid gFs1h of poputrdon of Pakiele
L@ atso
rsulted in !n
inc@e i. urbtu p.pulalion.
Lahore $e 2"d
l{8*l ubs cotd
of P.tilhn is
d hcid
cny wi& a hbrory of
nuly
IOOO
t€as (COP 2000)- It is b.ing ihe poviicial @piral dd one of lhe ecienl citi6 of palillln
D.rfom sp€i.lized n@tio6 d Egards ldmiDj5rdio4 .dmarion, hedrll cdn@ .nd
ranspondioo
dd ru&
2id in lhe
connee, tr..tc Dd idttuhy in the urbm hiermhy of
the
CtuE of P.Iicr& k ofth. vi* i! 1998 ltat thc population of rhe tolal nmbs
oi psple in ou coutry we 132.4 nillion havilg s inte.ctuul gbnlh iale ot 2,6 psceor ps
tum duing O. ,@ l98l-9E-$c rotd popd.rion b 6rimt d it 143_l mjtlio. in 2OOt by
wins th€ ahove IMnond snsd El., The uis Fpulation hs slu at hrch highd ole
than lhll of the tolal popuhtion which b 3,5 pscdr ptr mu dsine rhe stu pdiod (COp.
2000). n!. urbm popul.don w6 ioahing tE ligE of43 hiltioa ir 0!. 198 populrrion
Ccnss ed in 2001 ir wa cati@t d 47.7 Dilion by uing erc$lh 6re_ wliil. Accordine to $e
Thc Popularion
censu rcFon of 1998, LelDre h6 grcM ,lmsl 6 titus in th€ popuhrion sir siDce
iftlcpad€.cc of rhe @ury non dE popubrid of I l,35,OOO i! | 951 ro 63, t 9,0@ 1998, Thc
'n
ulbe populrtion of L.horc w4 rbo 52,09,088 in 198 {hile the N.l popularion
ws
e inc6e
pqcdt duilg 1981 ro t998 as cohpde with the
counrryl popdatior sorlh rd. of 2.6 po6r duira Ihe !.@ pqiod (cop, 2000). And
&coidine to etu BtiMl6, calcdard @ rhe bsis ofpFvioN 8&*1h mln rh€ bt l popul.tion
o! knorc in 2010 m 9-32 nillj6. Th. populadon of khoE incEsed nu.rculy due ro three
l&|06: (t |iic nisEti@ of lrdim Mstic ro p.ldlhn at th. tift or p.njrion, (ii) mtuat
incc6e in popuhtion .nd (iii) ual ube hicrorior
11.09,912.
lt
hos
shoM
o13.3
npid i'E@c ir rb. populalion of &e dhdicr ha euscd . gadual gn*lh i, jrs u$an
ieniiory. wl'd urb&j2rion t E€d s ! p@B of ub.n go*1l tld il
@ be deincd by dr
go*th of iow in Epet of phtlic.l dF ed nmbq ot idEbiliDG.
tf we deal ubqiation a
Tf is
a
naruat expesion of
e
€xisling populrtion th@ ii
cd
$ lhe Fopodion of
roul popularid or lmal€ in urbe l@rliii* or rhe inc@le
oftheir prcpoftion ovd time. Il is lbe
nov@e of individurls fron uit
ro cities which L.d! 0o lhe gn*lh of urld @s_ Ir
nefls dar $e eo*lh ofciti6 e d.tr-r olpoputlrion snii
non nral ac6 lo lar86 chul(l
ofsetdmnb, and dG ch&gc tln ! p!.dooiuD{y lsrjculM
eorony ro d
b€ conceptultiz€d
.B
indurial on€. Il
ubu popularior eirh Gpcfio lh€ ro Fpullfon ofa 5peific a@
or
thc Dtc ot which tlc ubo populou is ir@8i,a.
Both b* preporuoB cm be exDr6.d i,
pqtetrbses roo) mrhcr Lb. Ek of cb&s! qpE6€d
6
& ! p.Eqr.gc pfr mur4 ni @a or
line stebh berwed the rwo @@utivc c!!!@,
Th! ubll@li@ Ele ovd tift pqiod is
dif@nr froh ric Et of urbo gm{,U i! the lde
rift pdod The raie of ubanizsrion ce be
cxplaiDcd $ lbc hte !r shich rhe
ubd population o, @ bder these utte iinabihnt! is
Dcl*ns r a gih pdiod wi$ cper to ns ouq sia
which ws .r irs inceprion. ,l.he
ud.niz(on Ec Ep.chls l[. hit inrt prcponioa
ofrhe m popul.ro pop
ce rep@l a l4€l
of
ols ovd th.
A coutly is rlid
ro b.
popurauo! Erb*rh, For
rNirg ttene! urbeianio! ph& f ub&
q.rqlc, if
urba! Fpularion of a @uuy
peedt whil. rhe !oi.l popuhrion is gbwjng
.1 a 6r€ of
pssiie $bueh ubaniation. rn p.h.t,
rh"p,"**
t921,
gowrh qcc.dr ro..l
s rrcltMg ,l
a
rr. oI5
3
"r,ft::;;:"TfffffiTi:
wnft urbd
populltion gbnlh
{9.S [email protected]@dcd toral popularion grc\1n (8.9
In | 951, ln. sh& of ubd poput.tion
h brrl popurdDn or&ks|!n vB 17.8 pdcmr
pftdt).
bal &@.d
ro 32.5
ltc expasio
F€an i! t98,
aq
of tj!@ sie t947 hs b6 pd@mal
a,!d sincc $d I b6
ben gaining @@turA p.njcutdly ir
tlc tsr two de.!d6 ir bs bd cxpodot ro .
consder.bl€ exlor, Ihe ph)€icd sp6dd gD*tn
of Oe city hs b@ dinly tbDuAh
a@retlo ora
Idd. IlE
ot bujlr
th.
fw plMed
developnFn6, bul Dddy rbreugh phazlr.Iy
n
developed parccls
ov.rdtl cxpaNion hs @trctl in e
[email protected] q&gdat or
cjr, rihits,
of
hde6'Dg tunoDjc &rivilics, rhe fomti@ of lnong admi.j,rltiv€
€lrabtishndr and
occhutalion ot scid wic6 i. .. edEatio4 hotIh,
cutnEt ard @Mridrl rriviris i!
tihore have caEed 4pid go*rh i! 1h. ube @
of ihe ciry, Ar p6e!t only 16
toral lEpur.rion of
disrid
o.
6id.
D.rent of thc
in runl
bqna rmcd inio @D@rcial
ou,wsd' rhis rapid soilh in ub.
wholc of rhe &tDrc
dtricl d
Direql r*hdq@ dd
rDdcts ate i,c|!de !h.
(ii) s*ro, Modcr,
dd
ciry
!@,
ktroe
As
€rpand! dF
cd* ed subuh
**,,""
dilric!
j]
ffi
:,:
ffiT
"r*"J#.'."i;1
hodel! w@ Blabtisb.d
b
;;;
ube
tald
*
(i)
ltudy
rhE ct.sic.l md.k ofute
(in) Mur,,r,"
prvios ciddli{l @s
h
;;J
i
'
@ in
rhe
cd.drri.
p$r. Thse
zonc Moderi
j::T
l,c,s)tudlcho,esturyhscfu;;;;;:;:Tff
fiffiT
dy a@. Th€ @Dbimti@ of l!fule
js
"*",.
seBing
rool. i" mrrlzing tud dcn drg
tho
et .r. teo, rdtz €, ar.
,*sftdr
o..
ube
ed cts
lard
u.
coslde€d 6 o& of the mr po*ertut
&rd o.
cb6se ed u.ue !p'!vr (!hrc6
,"r. ,*" ;;;_;J;;vd
a*-a"*
* j,
tud honiiorins are
"*.-" * ^*.*
",
.
e
*" i*," _' "*o
h.d8 wd€ly u$d td
u.batr
dd
.pptrc.rio6
urbtu sp'wr
'ftitud*
sd
r*liry
v,ru€s.
rb.
wh(bmr6,'promiDo,;",.:;;;J*: jtr,j_.ITji"a*;
expaBion ard poputarion
n'idd{crationship
;;;*" ffiff :;::;il:ffi:lH#:
IE
8rolat iD LlhoE
";"fiflil:;
oe;viir.bil;;;
,,o''.,",ees.duc
H:fff
u6d tup
urbu
g!*lh ofljlorc. *Pr"*dof
b
ro
aqordirs
rh€
.o the
sp.tiat
gwn n,. in par @, -."
dD
nro Dorutdi
L€lorc
:
(Coh dd
Lo.2O0J). Ljior..s @ba
uD and Fnoc,tuins e apptie!
b e.lq|. ubd tutc
b€rwh u'ban sbqd, {d po;d",;;;;#;'""'klo.
epruion or","o aerebpncnq
mm
e
; ;,::fi .H:;'#:H:.,Hffi
r€nei.I o98:,M6d. t9o8i L. qd yars_
2OO2: yog &d
rev@rs a n@be of f&|l
trdi.h @lc tr a ciiy of
EioB
ph,sic!!, $ci.r ed @noni.
or;;;;;;',;;ff"*'os,
,,s,fr
la'!d
l,;*"
br 2m9 i! qdtur.d
AiD ot th€ Study.
1.2)
Lahorc has eior.s.€d
pndonoal greE'rn bo0r in tem of poputation lnd
buill op @a since
1947. }l@ urbdizrior is rlting pt4
01 a miking raic R+id induri.liado!
ed nisratioD o,
pftpte frcm orhs pdn of dF cobEy
lowards LaloE @ lhe key frclo6 in ns lapid
urbm
sDwth. Th€.ih of lhi, s*h i! b id@tify th€
cb&g6 rblr tiw @urqt duing tsr fifty
ycars r tn€ urb& sri&r@ of
Lahor due b ragirl popo.qo,8rcelh. rnde.d
no sioB.Irorr
w6 drcmprd befoc ro higuishr rh6c urtE
cnme6. This sludy i! & anahpr to.valur.
ube
expamioD of
rrho,€ wilh
rhe
rhe hetp of a
ritu $d6 oferellilc irDga,
r.l) Obrerivd otrh. Srdy.
'Ir'€ pr€sd
,i,."
una ,upnobgjcat srtut@
of
tdod
ir ! r
@";o.,j;;;;;;;ffi":::**"[email protected]
e ch@,"'-;.; *;. ;*I;TTT:;H;;':
e"i,r.
"p,na,,
,'cn iDrgntcd oa,@
.onccmed
qid
6e me6ti8'[o0 otehdoubip
h.r*en D
.-*o*,n."*n.o-*n
. ."*. ,
"*wrug way i! Ihe sourl &d soutr w6r di@tion.
ili-.:i1:
ooJ*lrv6 of
r:
t
t
y
rhc
ple6r
To €valu&
i99r
+
",;il;;fi*:::il##HffilT:
"
,furly
el
tl. urbq dplaio, ofldoF d@r w
, iA iG poput.rion
rhe tujor
Ero*ih fmm
l9jt,
Mo.itoring rnd Ddrlis
ofdbd sp6wl of Ldbrc.
To s.e $e pantu oflrbe
erreljon in hhoe
To rMlla rh. ronloEl
ud !p!!iat cbu nplr6ron or tjioF
|mge cr66ifi(auon l,o del4l
de land (*4ed ohcn{g6
of t
u !h€ ted Br ot L.!oR
roruhe of un& .xDosi.
d
rhdutr'rtiadon si&e 195G.
cnqDmar h
The
.,
"
facl no CFgEpnicat
b*us
lDE.
of npid ubar gDsdr
ed
;;;;,THJ;::J ;ftT::H
cej.d
sludy
ns bed
our ro
*atule tn
Itud Be ch$ges
on th€ b6is of ltarial dala i.e. lhowing
tdd u!. chrngw on ! nep. Th6c lmd use chdg6 @
exmin.d applying CIS c.p.lilitis E@tc ssbing to iav.stipie rbe mt &cur
figu.s ed
ro c@rc mp. p@inin8 ro ldd ue charg6. A Mbq
of scholG srch s Schok@ ed
Still*ell ( 1990), Hurlold (r 991) dd Ller (1991) bale
str@8ry r4omendcd $. .pplicalion
or CIS in u!n& gogFpny in ofttn lo
Fobe rb. splri.t rhrionship within
propos€d $udy
+
h6
its
lig ti@c. s
.
ciry, So lho
followilg:
Popuhtion ofLa,hoE hG ituEa&d rbnifold
since iidepndqce. Thjs rsedch hetps
to
slow de populatior
o! $. vebu pans ot rj!@ lo s.r up a eladon
b.lwM
poput.tion d@ny. !!!ili...du(arion.
hospr|ats &d ctrhe3.
Not@at popdadon gre\rt raG in p.tj$e
is hjgtrcr m @r
rhe lb.r of urb.n
@6. So p@pt. niebl. fion @d !o urbe
.Itis
&e!s.
estun is b.tptu to nnd
pere
I
.er
tulor coks ofrural 0ba4
{. ftisrB.eh
popuaron
r
r.
p@vid6
a in{.!rh
rtudy otrhe prcblaro
f&.d by
8rcr,th,
ft is hopcd rhar thi. srdy wiltb.
ofphctic.l
loEc6tins ed deoidiq bctw@
vliE
!o
rn pbhi.g
d
the
ulbln @a due lo
eurhoriries borh for
v&ious dlcmativ*.
This
B€@h
is
@nt
*
dudypbdes
"11;i1v vi""i|be
-i> rqqy
{
oll
Disllior
E
al
,ehoologjal, rhorcricd
,
-,*'.Jffi ;JJ ff"j;,1;J1,#::;;1:
hfoh.rjon ofqbq sra!.1 pan€B
ot rjnoF Ar lpptic{i@ t*el
ucovdd Lhc t&!s Ege.dng lbc to6s of,Srkulrual
tud tor6l .ard inb
Thi! study prcvid.! & aDl}5i3 of
u.b& spFwt wirh
po$ibre cfi@b on .lc ci5,,
$cio-*"
,-.-".-
tt*t
t" *oul'tion
so!'rl ed i6
khore,Di ricl lies on rhe bn bet
of dvq Rrvi. ti li6 @Nd ?4.1,r,,E
lo 74.38,t0"E
ronglrudc hd hbn Jt.tt
ro it.,t,2" N tatitude.
lr is |h. 2{ ro"o
o,
KaEchi bod in l.m,otpoputoron
"U,
ed qhq hierdchy. The
",,..
@ of Lino* ,s",*,.,_
, 772 sq@
r* r 7?200 r{@.6/ ro.., pop,*- ;;;;;:;
"
o-,ur.t,,ruu *.o^
*
;;1
""*";;;;;;Hr;#il: ;x":l;i;
3itue
irdFad€na i!
ft.
ubd poFlalior oflrlorc nB ino!*cd loo 0.859 oilliotr ,r
l95l !o 5,20 hiltio i! 1998, Th€ u|t6 poFtn.dd of LdoG
ts [email protected] 6 ti6 .idc. 195 t,
nG cucr 6riD't6 Fojdr Olr lb En6 pq0bi6
of trmc a$ @[.d drb6t s oiltior
inbbii&$. Ibe L[c dilrid is bou4,.d by lidii
i! lhc Bs! sb.ithpu di$.ict on rho ,onlr
.nd w$r, I(M disEi.l o. th. lourh_ pilq
Rqvi fom i! rb. ldrh ofkh@ dilrior
|
947.
IFL=3--]r-.
Thc
bd e tukic
cqtar r.sio'
!
of lhe ciry cn
soded
iDhbicd by
;;
rptE&@.ndv pten d) i! $
,r'r, &d E.r.d.deid6dd
i.n
rh. c@Ed.
pd;r;;;;*-*'-d
; il;ffi
th'outa2ons. rhc
rr cosirE of ll!.
*"
"*a weu
rb' D'"''di"'c
@.-*;;;ffi,
f
!ai* ;:;ffi;;"ffi:ilil
IM
ffffi
situ ind.pdd@. h | 9t?. Ihc uts p.!{l.tion of r,hoG hs ilDs.d tlh 0'859 6ili@ i,
l95l b 5.20 oillid in 1998. Ite urbe poDulrion of Latbr ba ircer!.d 6 rin6
lince t 951.
'It c|l@r etiqtB pnjel $.1 r[. u.b.! porstni@ of tjhoF
h& Fdql .bur S Dili6
irhrbila 6. Tn LlnoE district ir bond.d by In tia in rh. E..! Sh.ithp@
disEid d thc
lrd wsr,
(rs
diuricr o! rh.
od
mnl
Rivq Rlvi
IE led @ msac ofrh€ city qtcsorizcd
@Ed rcgid is iDtibi.d b, FiD.rny
@mdr.rio! of 3oo. @@@irt &d
inio
,e
t.
lws
in lbc
cdrd, u.
ldib ofld@
dBr.ici.
Diddte &d rhc oui6
dd biddl.
b!d6, t{d edrs
sna&
4M. T!.
Ir .o6tur of
ffi nil1:tr ffiffi
{pdobi'duy p,&n.d) is 6 u@ao,"
.|r'b) lDd rtll.d rdvidA .d *.tjc6 (i.a
.duclrioa
lslrA @6lio4 uiti,li6
ac.). EM
d.
di.
a@
nas
coBiddblc depadar.
erhibiling ry?ical ch@terjstica of
B'd4.6
|he
aor Lhe
crr ou or
codccnlrr(or of
ubd
&ft
tojob @ponuiri6. Tnc outd @ is
sp6wl wh@ th. c y hrs 8!oh non bw ddsiry
population is wiltjin
dos
5,5
niltion iDnabilrlls wae rsidin!
F,!d wft tihg krhir dc cinh or 16 ln nc
whrch 80
ubr
due
lqt
dch (NESPAK 199?). In | 998 ar
ditiusioh in tnc our.r
p@ple
rle c@!!l
on
ud @wd
lhc @r"al
from rhe viejdiriB. Th. ov@[ averrge
ps rcr (I{ESPAK I97)_
LanoE is th.
r3 arso the
lrgd
un& c@t r of patill.n wt
city of
$. pujlb,
shnd
lee€
MelroPolitln CorpoEtion, two
ws giv4
lhe sr.rB of
te n
@
ir
gruicr
dd rh@ is a gndul
dtu,ly or this a@ is
120
6 c4irlt ciry of pmj.b pbvinc.. tl
A.cordjrg 0o 1998
@su, hbore disrrict had on€
TM Corinite, ald otre celoh@t @. But i, 2002,
tatDE
ciy djsd.q n k
divid€d
adnintr.rive puaoss. In orda b egut{ia
rr\c
Ddc,opment Authon,y (LDA)
w"
";;;ha
o*
LDA
irb g
ed
onc
taa
,*,;;;
LhR mjor
cetoMar
for
;:ff],',1:';,ff;': 3::
h9
ro
or8tu
dming dejgnidg
daelopnqr of veioB pbjers i,
LdDF. Tn6e &,ninislrltiv. *ings aE (i)
Utbo
Dewbpb{r Wingi (iD walg dd smirltion
Agdcy (wAsA)i ad (iii) Tsfljc Ensineedos
o**"y 0EPA) Popuhdon or LdDe !$ [email protected]
l'T':
aLrftsr nine dh6 sike
o@pqd€tr@. Ttis opid popuhiio!
sosli hs ,nad. l4loE one of thc f6r61 grwing cnies
of
and
PhysioS.sphiqllx rbc tdd of
L.ho.n p,oh !,rwi.r,ad
Engs fon
ro *
raler
700
is
!Ed. of dluvi.t s
;;;;;;#*'ff"Iij;::#:l
lT;
*r
!rd.,eb* -"- ;,;;;;,Ifi':T,ff'Jf:n:
Erd
f.el in nonh
rona*. rber^r
is nor
LjioE
drinl"ble DriDhbt.
ro 680 feel ia loulh
is
,wihbt. .t
pqt \
a dePlh
or r25
0o t 50
ndas.
1,s.2) Cti@rtc CondtrioDr
Lanore falh in Senj-eid cli@ric r.gion (Koppd
clssin@don) wirh ho! ard raily
lnd mild wim6 sl & el.v.rion of.bour 700 f6r
.bov.
rdct. .rh. noh€.r m,ts of t2toE
BnSc b.tw*n May io July whm av@gc
mnrhly l.n pqDtu@ d.ef<G 40.C. Froh mid of Juty
ro Scptorbs, Mon@n hi6
t!. woths
sum6
s
,Et
orpd[vcly pl6&t,
,18 c@l6r mnI[ of
dr d@ge &rE Frw dop. to s.C, I_.hoe Fciv.s maimun
Din
mnth of Juty. Th. highsr dinlall in lhc city
@orded duing 24 los is 22t
LahoE n Jou&y wha
duns re
m,uiDde6 (8.7 in), whicn
ecwld
on
ll
Augur
2OO8
(rMD 2oto).
r.5.3)Soitt
Lnorc disr.ict B . Fn of bdo_cegcric pllin
&hr.<t D honr of ltr Hi@h}?s (Bcnds
&
Ruq l99J). Th. rdd oftiloE i3 conFi!.d
offluvial dcpoli& ofRNi tuvq ioctuding
nanual
leves md rerr@ vilh sobe ah€rbned
che.ls .nd oxbov h*!c lh. rcm. ofplsr
flo.G.
The deIDsiL, @ conpos.d
of fl@d ptan nud. wirh si
d! The leve deposjr @
coopnled of sirry cl.y/ crar€y
sirB which e udarlin
2oo3) re@c6
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1.5.4)
;;;;J;*T :,xilffiJ:"*
Agd.atrlrrl }hdrctkity:
.Laho*
suppon
nas
fdile
al
l'!q
30ir sui'rbrc for v€SerrtioD
&.r pr&r.lion. tls soil ald cri@tic
condirio*
ot crcp6. Ma.jor creF of t.Iorc
ft
,
thecu,tihr€;,*;;;;;IHTT;:ffiil:T:#
rce,abr*. rn re5,,
thd d4Esed to jbr lifty fiE
&osrd IEl.c itr 2009. Tnjs dees
in .Sricut(@l lMd wls
Tlte
sos4h
@Fein8
p.ncb of brbr. !j$ ,hift4d
yn
roa cssh cbps !o food
:::l:::ld
gran
@ps od veeer.ble b tulfll 0E
,cds of tb cny. Now uc mJor cash
*" - * ciry pofl a rr ree8, $e ro d€i eds croF Ii*. conon
whear w6 50,000
::. lT.-.^T :::
wDrcr
eodt.d
for
700lo
ofile ea undr vesdabt !,
tl.
r.O Orgulz.dotr of
Studr:
ialurLr intbdlclioA lit rate r€vjs, r*eh retho&logn popd.tion gbv1n of
L.ioc nd urld sp.li.l ritysi.. h ode. ro or! jz! lb. I!.@t wt rhis sody b dividcd
,
rlo $ cnrpE s. I1. 6$r chaptd provi<t , ilr.ductid b ln. oopjc ard nudy ea. Ttis
chapGr
al$ idcn{lis llc objativ* tud d8'iffee of tb. slu(ty, Seolrt
cnrpt r da& wid
Tfu3 slu.ly
Evid.
lr
d*db*
&r.
itr
lileEnre
te FEvioB wo*
difatnr $hotrs rcle@i b thc roDic,In
s@6 e dilcule.t dolg with rreuqrology. ,Itk chlDr. Drovids
0E dtu'b or dep6 &d pued@ rolo*ed
duilg lhe l!fuh.
donc by
thnd chopter, difieent dlra
Fouftn chapt€r
I
9s
l.!o
covs
1998. Ir
popural'on
de
the poputrtion
soNlb, population dtuiiy ed disEibltjon of LnlbE tom
pDvidc6 tbon6 of
Fpuiari@ gtu*lb, wortd popubtion ad gtobol
I di$Bsd
rh. .[on [isrory ofpopdarid
dbm
A!*dr of rrlbE, Chauer fiv. coy.6 d.
@bris of L€Ior uing a rihe !.ri6 ot gldltic
inag4, It decnb* $e l&d
B.r'lad covd ch&ge @!Ed si@ l9Ji,
fte ffDt cblpLr ieluda @ctusid ad
4confud.ii@r egdding rh. t&d us. of
urban spatiat
snrdy
@.
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