New Vocab
• Asexual Reproduction: New offspring inherit the genes of
•
•
•
•
that parent only; Ex: budding, binary fission, spore formation
Sexual Reproduction: Process in which 2 types (sexes) of
gametes unite to form a new offspring
Taxonomy: System to classify organisms
Binomial Nomenclature: Classification system where each
species is assigned a 2-part name
Species: group of similar organisms that can mate and
produce fertile offspring
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Vertebrates (Chordates)
Invertebrates (Cnidaria,
Mollusca, Arthropoda,
Echinodermata)
Class: Aves (Birds), Mammalia (Mammals), Reptilia (Reptiles),
Amphibia (Amphibians), Actinopterygii (Bony Fish),
Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish)
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Big Trends in Kingdom Anamalia
Water
Land
Soft Eggs
Shelled Eggs
Live Birth
Cold Blooded
Warm Blooded
Simple Body System
Complex Body
System
Taxonomy
Classification
Phylogenetic
Tree
Cladogram
Dichotomous
Key
What is the name of this animal?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Puma
Cougar
Mountain lion
Panther
Anticipatory Set
Anticipatory Set
What is the impact of having misleading names?
Confusion in Using Different
Languages for Names
Massengale, Biology Junction
Latin Names are Understood by
all Taxonomists
Massengale, Biology Junction
To avoid confusion caused by
regional names, biologists use a
classification system to group
organisms in an organized and
logical manner and to assign names.
What is taxonomy?
•It’s the science of naming
and classifying organisms.
What is Classification?
It’s the grouping of objects
or information on the basis
of similarities.
Hierarchical
Classification
• Taxonomic categories
– Kingdom includes all the
phyla
– P hylum includes all the
classes
– Class includes allthe
orders
– Order includes all the
families
– Family includes all the
genera
– Genus includes all the
species
Each level is
called a taxon
Taxons
•Most genera contain a number
of similar species
•The genus Homo is an
exception (only contains modern
humans)
•Classification is based on
evolutionary relationships
Rules for Naming Organisms
•The International Code for Binomial
Nomenclature contains the rules for
naming organisms
•All names must be approved by
International Naming Congresses
(International Zoological Congress)
•This prevents duplicated names
HierarchyTaxonomic Groups
Domain
BROADEST TAXON
Kingdom
Phylum (Division – used for plants)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Most
Species
Specific
DOMAIN
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Great
Spaghetti
Binomial Nomenclature
• Two-word naming system (scientific name)
• Bi means 2/nomial means name
• Written in Latin
• 1st word represents Genus
• Written capitalized, underlined or Italicized
• 2nd word represents Species
• Written lower Case, underlined or Italicized
clam
Lower case
Capitalized
Venus mercenary
(genus)
(species)
dog
wolf
fox
Mountain lion
All belong to the same Kingdom: Animalia
Same phylum: Chordata
What are some ways these
Same
order: Carnivora
animals
are similar and what are
Dog,some
wolf, fox all
belong they
to the same
Canidae
ways
arefamily:
different?
Same class: Mammalia
Dog and wolf belong to same genus: Canis
Dog and wolf are different species
Dogs of different “breeds” all belong
to the same species
Canis familiaris; therefore all can mate
and produce fertile offspring.
Binomial Nomenclature
Massengale, Biology Junction
Which TWO are more closely related?
According to the table, at what level does
the domestic cat diverge from the ferret?
(diverge means break away from)
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Cetacea
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Mysticeti
Mustelidae
Felidae
Genus
Balenopora
Mustela
Felis
Species
physalus
furo
catus
Common Name
Blue Whale
Ferret
Domestic cat
How many levels of classification
do all three animals share?
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Cetacea
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Mysticeti
Mustelidae
Felidae
Genus
Balenopora
Mustela
Felis
Species
physalus
furo
catus
Common Name
Blue Whale
Ferret
Domestic cat
Mustela africana is closely related
to which of the following mammals?
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Cetacea
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Mysticeti
Mustelidae
Felidae
Genus
Balenopora
Mustela
Felis
Species
physalus
furo
catus
Common Name
Blue Whale
Ferret
Domestic cat
The most general group that an
organism can belong to is its —
A genus
B class
C family
D kingdom
Which of the following is
the correct scientific
name of this organism?
a.equus caballus
b.Black stallion
c.Equus caballus
d.horse