Centre Number For Examiner’s Use Candidate Number Surname Other Names Examiner’s Initials Candidate Signature Question Mark 1 AQA Level 1/2 Certificate June 2015 2 3 Geography Paper 2 8031/2 TOTAL Global Human Issues Wednesday 3 June 2015 4 1.30 pm to 2.30 pm For this paper you must have: the insert (enclosed) a pencil a rubber a ruler. You may use a calculator. A Time allowed 1 hour Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer two questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 50. You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. Where applicable, questions should be answered in continuous prose. Quality of Written Communication will be assessed in all answers. LEDC is a Less Economically Developed Country. MEDC is a More Economically Developed Country. (Jun158031201) G/TI/110351/Jun15/E2 8031/2 2 Do not write outside the box Answer two questions. Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate. Total for this question: 25 marks 1 Contemporary Population Issues 1 (a) Study Figures 1a and 1b, population pyramids of Mali (an LEDC) and Japan (an MEDC). Figure 1a Mali (2013) Male 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 Population (millions) 100 + 95 – 99 90 – 94 85 – 89 80 – 84 75 – 79 70 – 74 65 – 69 60 – 64 55 – 59 50 – 54 45 – 49 40 – 44 35 – 39 30 – 34 25 – 29 20 – 24 15 – 19 10 – 14 5–9 0–4 Female 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 Age group Population (millions) 2.0 Figure 1b Japan (2013) Male 5 (02) 4 3 2 1 Population (millions) 100 + 95 – 99 90 – 94 85 – 89 80 – 84 75 – 79 70 – 74 65 – 69 60 – 64 55 – 59 50 – 54 45 – 49 40 – 44 35 – 39 30 – 34 25 – 29 20 – 24 15 – 19 10 – 14 5–9 0–4 0 0 Age group Female 1 2 3 4 Population (millions) 5 G/Jun15/8031/2 3 1 (a) (i) Do not write outside the box Which age group in Japan has the largest number of both males and females? [1 mark] ............................................................................................................................................ 1 (a) (ii) What evidence in the population pyramids suggests that: people in Mali have a shorter life expectancy than people in Japan? [1 mark] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ Mali has a higher birth rate than Japan? [1 mark] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 1 (a) (iii) Explain why these population pyramids suggest that Mali and Japan are in different stages of the Demographic Transition Model. 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Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ Turn over (03) G/Jun15/8031/2 4 Do not write outside the box 1 (b) Study Figure 2 on the insert, a map of England and Wales showing the percentage of residents born outside the UK. 1 (b) (i) Which one of the following statements is a correct description of Figure 2? Tick the box next to the correct description. [1 mark] The highest percentage of residents born outside the UK live in northern England and north Wales. Less than 7.5% of the population of Greater London were born outside the UK. Many areas in south-east England have over 15% of residents who were born outside the UK. There is an even distribution of people born outside the UK across most of England and Wales. 1 (b) (ii) Suggest one reason why many large urban areas have a high percentage of residents born outside the UK. [1 mark] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 1 (b) (iii) Population movements can have positive effects and negative effects. Describe one negative impact of migration for the receiving (host) country. [2 marks] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (04) G/Jun15/8031/2 5 1 (c) Do not write outside the box Study Figure 3, a news article about the changes made to China’s population policy in 2013. Figure 3 China reforms: one-child policy to be relaxed In the past in China, most couples were only allowed to have one child. In the future, most families will be allowed two children, but only if one parent is an only child. China has tried to make sure the one-child policy has been followed. However, some families are already allowed to have more than one child. For example, in the countryside, families are allowed to have two children if the first child is a girl, and ethnic minorities may have more than one child. 1 (c) (i) Suggest why the Chinese Government has decided to relax the country’s population policy. [2 marks] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 1 (c) (ii) Compare the features of China’s population policy with those of another named country. 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(06) G/Jun15/8031/2 ____ 25 7 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 25 marks 2 Contemporary Issues in Urban Settlements 2 (a) Study Figures 4a and 4b on the insert, information about the percentage of people living in urban areas in different parts of the world. 2 (a) (i) Using Figure 4a, describe the distribution of countries with less than 60% of the population living in urban areas. [2 marks] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 2 (a) (ii) Using Figure 4b, compare the changes in the percentage of population living in urban areas in MEDCs and LEDCs. [2 marks] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 2 (a) (iii) Suggest reasons for the different growth rates of the urban population in LEDCs and MEDCs. 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Turn over (07) G/Jun15/8031/2 8 Do not write outside the box Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 2 (b) Study Figures 5a and 5b on the insert, photographs taken in different parts of Barnsley, a town in the UK. 2 (b) (i) Describe one difference in the road layout between the areas shown in Figures 5a and 5b. [1 mark] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 2 (b) (ii) State two differences in the housing between the areas shown in Figures 5a and 5b. [2 marks] 1 ......................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ 2 ......................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ 2 (b) (iii) In which part of the town is the area shown in Figure 5a? Select your answer from the following. Circle the correct answer. [1 mark] inner city (08) central business district outer suburb industrial area G/Jun15/8031/2 9 Do not write outside the box 2 (b) (iv) Which one of the following statements describes land use in the central business district (CBD) of an urban settlement? Tick the box next to the correct description. [1 mark] Zone containing mainly shops, offices, restaurants and entertainment venues Zone with business and retail parks, leisure centres and modern housing estates Zone with small factories and warehouses Zone with some older housing, as well as redeveloped properties and flats Question 2 continues on the next page Turn over (09) G/Jun15/8031/2 10 2 (c) Do not write outside the box Study Figure 6, a map showing the location of squatter settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, an LEDC in Africa. Figure 6 Key N Main road Mathare River H Kangemi Railway H H Central Business District City centre H Industrial zone Squatter settlement Kibera Marshy land Mukuru Main railway station River Ngong H 0 1 2 (c) (i) 2 km High cost residential area Using Figure 6, describe and explain the distribution of the squatter settlements in Nairobi. 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Turn over (11) G/Jun15/8031/2 ____ 25 12 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 25 marks 3 Globalisation in the Contemporary World 3 (a) Study Figure 7, a map showing the location of vehicle manufacturing factories owned by Toyota, a Transnational Corporation (TNC) based in Japan. Figure 7 Europe North America Asia Japan (22 factories) Africa South America Key Vehicle manufacturing factory Australasia Toyota has 52 overseas manufacturing factories in 27 countries and regions. Toyota’s vehicles are sold in over 160 countries. Using Figure 7, describe the pattern of vehicle manufacturing factories owned by Toyota. [2 marks] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (12) G/Jun15/8031/2 13 3 (b) Do not write outside the box Study Figure 8, a table showing total worldwide production figures for Toyota between 2003 and 2012. Figure 8 Worldwide total vehicles (thousands) 3 (b) (i) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 6070 6707 7267 7921 8429 7996 6979 7527 7096 8717 Describe the changes in vehicle production between 2003 and 2012 as shown in Figure 8. [2 marks] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 3 (b) (ii) Explain the advantages that TNCs such as Toyota bring to host countries. 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[2 marks] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 3 (c) Study Figure 9 on the insert, a photograph showing an effect of acid rain. 3 (c) (i) Using Figure 9 and your own knowledge, describe the effects of acid rain on the environment. 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Question 3 continues on the next page Turn over (15) G/Jun15/8031/2 16 3 (d) Do not write outside the box Study Figure 10, a graph giving information about trade between Africa and China between 1995 and 2010. Figure 10 70 Key China imports from Africa China exports to Africa 60 50 40 Trade (US$ billion) 30 20 10 10 20 09 20 08 20 07 20 06 20 04 03 05 20 20 20 02 20 01 20 00 20 99 19 98 19 97 19 96 19 19 95 0 Year 3 (d) (i) What does Figure 10 show about trade links between China and Africa from 1995 to 2010? [2 marks] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (16) G/Jun15/8031/2 17 Do not write outside the box 3 (d) (ii) Explain the rapid industrial growth in China since 1980. 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Turn over (17) G/Jun15/8031/2 ____ 25 18 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 25 marks 4 Contemporary Issues in Tourism 4 (a) Study Figure 11, the Butler Model of tourist area development. Figure 11 6b Rejuvenation or 5 Stagnation 6a Decline 4 Consolidation Number of tourists 3 Development 2 Involvement 1 Exploration Time 4 (a) (i) Read each of the statements in the table below. Against each statement, put a number between 1 and 5 to represent the stage in the model shown in Figure 11. One has been done for you. [2 marks] Statement Stage number Visitor numbers have peaked. The resort is no longer fashionable. Local people start getting involved in the tourist trade, providing accommodation and other tourist services and facilities. Tourism dominates the local economy, but tourist numbers grow less rapidly. 4 A small number of tourists are attracted to the area because of the scenery or culture. The local people are not very much involved in the tourist trade. Large companies build hotels and advertise holiday packages. Many visitors arrive and many jobs become available in the tourist industry. (18) G/Jun15/8031/2 19 Do not write outside the box 4 (a) (ii) Give two reasons why some resorts or tourist areas decline. [2 marks] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 4 (a) (iii) For a named National Park or coastal resort, explain one or more strategies used to ensure the continuing success of tourism. 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Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ Question 4 continues on the next page Turn over (19) G/Jun15/8031/2 20 4 (b) Do not write outside the box Study Figure 12, a fact file about a planned tourist resort in Zimbabwe, an LEDC in Africa. Figure 12 Tourist resort for Mana Pools, Zimbabwe Mana Pools is a wildlife conservation area in northern Zimbabwe, along the Zambezi River. It covers 2500 sq km, much of which can only be reached on foot and, as a result, is completely unspoilt. The landscape includes islands and sandbanks fringed by dense forests of baobab trees. Tourists can go on walking and canoe safaris, although numbers are restricted. The area is home to elephants that return every year to the same places. Buffalo and predators such as leopards, lions and cheetah are seen regularly. Mana Pools is also a haven for Nile crocodiles and large hippo pods, as well as black rhino. Mana Pools was designated a wetland of international importance in 2013. A company wants to build a tourist resort in the wildlife conservation area. The plan for the new resort includes: 4 (b) (i) four new 24-bed lodge developments made from local materials, three of these along the eco-sensitive river frontage and one inland a luxury tent camp, with bars and swimming pool electricity from solar power plants moorings on the river for boats and a car park for 40 vehicles wildlife safari tours meals made from local farm produce laundry – hand-washed with biodegradable soap workers – guides, housekeepers, cooks, waiters, bar staff and office staff. Suggest why the Zimbabwe Government restricts the number of people entering the Mana Pools area. Use evidence from Figure 12. [1 mark] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (20) G/Jun15/8031/2 21 Do not write outside the box 4 (b) (ii) The company planning the tourist resort describes it as an ecotourism scheme. What evidence in Figure 12 supports this? [2 marks] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 4 (b) (iii) Environmentalist groups are strongly opposed to the planned tourist resort described in Figure 12. Suggest why they are against it. [1 mark] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 4 (b) (iv) Explain how an ecotourism development can affect the lives of the local people. 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[1 mark] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 4 (c) (ii) Using one or more case studies of mass tourism, explain the effects of mass tourism on the economy and the environment. 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END OF QUESTIONS (23) G/Jun15/8031/2 ____ 25 24 Do not write outside the box There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Acknowledgement of copyright-holders and publishers Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified. Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure 1a 1b: 7: 8: 10: Central Intelligence Agency Central Intelligence Agency Reproduced with permission of Toyota (GB) PLC Reproduced with permission of Toyota (GB) PLC BBC News Online Frontier Advisory 2011 Copyright © 2015 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. (24) G/Jun15/8031/2
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