Background
A bibliography is a list of resources used in preparing a piece of work.
When writing up a piece of work you will need to cite (quote) the
bibliographical references of all resources you have used.
Bibliographical references need to be cited in two different places:
1.
2.
Where a document is referred to in the text.
In a list at the end of the work which is arranged alphabetically
by author then by date. This author/date system of description
is referred to as the Harvard System.
Contents
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Books (including reference)
Books (edited)
CD ROMs
Databases
Electronic book
Email
Interviews
Journal articles
Newspaper articles
Online images
Online journals via web
Online journals – full text
Podcasts
Videos
Weblog
Wikis
World Wide Web
Books (incl. Reference)
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Author’s surname, (comma) initials. (full stop)
Date, (comma)
Title of book, (italics) (comma)
Publisher, (comma)
Place of publication. (full stop)
FOR A REFERENCE BOOK:
Title of book,
(italics) (comma)
Year,
(comma)
Edition,
(comma)
Dixon, J. 1993, How to be a successful student,
Penguin Books, Ringwood.
Publisher,
(comma)
Place of publication.
(full stop)
Books (edited)
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Editor’s surname, (comma) initials. (full stop)
Year, (comma)
Title of book, (italics) (comma)
Publisher, (comma)
Place of publication. (full stop)
FOR AN ARTICLE
IN AN EDITED BOOK:
For example:
Harvey, J. 2002, Water pollution, Penguin Books,
Ringwood.
Bryant, S. 1999, ‘The
energy crisis of 1920’, in
P. Jarman (ed.) World
wide energy, Blackwell,
Sydney.
CD-ROMS
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Subject, (in single quotation marks) (comma)
Date, (comma)
Title of CD ROM (italics)
CD ROM. [in square brackets] (full stop)
Publisher, (comma)
Place of publication. (full stop)
‘Snakes’, 1994, Habitats of reptiles [CD-ROM]. Crunch Media, N.Y.
Databases
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Title of the database, (comma)
The producer, (comma)
The vendor, (vendor in brackets) (comma)
Frequency of updating. (full stop)
AGRIS database, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation,
SilverPlatter (vendor), annual updating.
Electronic Book -Accessed via www
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Author’s surname, initials. (full stop)
Year (comma)
Title of e-book, (comma) (italics)
Publisher, (comma)
Place of publication, (comma)
Accessed, (day month year)(comma)
7.
Internet address <between pointed brackets>
Lloyd, C. 2004, ‘Growing up global’ , The National Academies Press,
Washington, accessed 10 June 2007, <http://www.nap.edu/books/11174/
html/index/html>
E-mail
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Author’s surname, (comma) initials. (full stop)
Year, (comma)
Email, (comma)
Day and month of email, (comma)
E-mail address. (full stop)
Saville, A. 2001, email, 24 April, [email protected].
Interviews
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Surname of person being interviewed, (comma) initials. (full stop)
Month and Year of interview, (comma)
Title of interview, (italics) (comma)
Interviewer’s name
Type of interview e.g. tape recording, transcript, video recording
[in square brackets]
6.
Place of interview. (full stop)
Berger, P. Aug 2002, Teaching in L.A., Interviewed by J. Smith
[Transcript of Interview] Melbourne Conference Centre.
Journal Articles
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Author’s surname, (comma) initials. (full stop)
Date, (comma)
Title of the article, (in single quotation marks) (comma)
Title of the journal, (italics) (comma)
Volume, (comma) number, (comma) month/season, (comma)
Page numbers of article. (full stop)
Burns, S. 1989, ‘There’s more than one way to learn’,
Australian Wellbeing, Vol 6, No 33, October, pp42-44.
Newspaper Articles
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Author’s surname, (comma) initials. (full stop)
Date, (comma)
Title of the article, (in single quotation marks) (comma)
Title of the newspaper, (italics) (comma)
Date of publication, (comma)
Page numbers of article. (full stop)
Popham, B. 1997, ‘Saving the future’,
Weekend Australian, 7 February, p10.
Online Images -Accessed via www
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Author’s surname, initials. (full stop) (if available)
Year (comma)
Title of image, (comma) (between single quotations marks)
Format
Name & place of the sponsor of the source
Accessed, (day month year)(comma)
7.
Internet address <between pointed brackets>
If there is no named author, put the image title first, followed by the date
Khafre pyramid from Khufu’s quarry 2007, digital photograph, Ancient Egypt
Research Associates, accessed 2 August 2007.
<http://www.aeraweb.org/khufu_quarry.asp>
Online Journals- Accessed Via www
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Author’s surname, initials. (full stop)
Year, (comma)
Title of article, (comma) (between single quotations marks)
Title of journal, (italics) (comma)
Volume, (comma) number, (comma) month/season, (comma)
Page number of article, (comma)
Accessed, (day month year)(comma)
Internet address <between pointed brackets>
Morgan, B. 2004, ‘This is climate change’, Australian Humanities Review,
Issue 33, August - October 2005,accessed 10 June 2007, p 7,
<http://www.latrobe.edu.au/AHR/issue-June-2004/morgan.html>
Online Journals -From full text databases
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Author’s surname, (comma) initials. (full stop)
Date, (comma)
Title of article, (in single quotation marks) (comma)
Title of journal, (italics) (comma)
Volume, (comma) number, (comma) month/season, (comma)
Accessed, (day/month/year)
7.
From name of database. (full stop)
Holmes, S. 2004, ‘But this time you choose!’,
Australian Cultural History, No 7, pp. 213-231,accessed 11 May 2007 from
Sages Journal online.
Podcasts -Accessed via www
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Name of podcast (italics)
Date, (comma)
Format, (podcast) (comma)
Publisher, (comma)
Date of podcast, (comma)
Accessed, (day month year) (comma)
7. Internet address <between pointed brackets>
Lingua Franca 2007, podcast radio programme, ABC Radio National, 28 April,
accessed 25 May 2007, <http://abc.net.au/rn/podcast/feeds/ lin.xml>.
Videos
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Title (italics)
Date, (comma)
Format, (video recording) (comma)
Publisher, (comma)
Place of publication. (full stop)
South American wetland 1982, video recording, BBC, London.
Weblog (Blog) -Accessed via www
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Author’s surname, initials. (full stop)
Year of post (comma)
Title of the posting, (between single quotations marks) (comma)
Title of the site (italics)
Format (weblog post)
Date (day month) (comma)
Accessed, (day month year) (comma)
8.
URL of the host <between pointed brackets>
Bahnisch, M. 2007, ‘The commentariat vs. the people?’, Larvatus Prodeo,
weblog post, 11 May, accessed 22 May 2007,
<http://larvatusprodeo.net/2007/05/11/thecommentariat-vs-the-people/>
Wikis -Accessed via www
Include the following information in this order:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Title of article, (between single quotations marks) (comma)
Title of wiki (italics) (comma)
Format (wiki post)
Date of last revision (day month year) (comma)
Accessed, (day month year) (comma)
6.
Internet address of wiki article page <between pointed brackets>
‘Freud and science’, An essay evolves, wiki article, March 8 2007,
accessed 20 May 2007, <http://evolvingessay.pbwiki.com/Freud+and+Science>
World Wide Web
Include the following information in this order:
1. Author – person or organisation responsible for the site
2. Site date, the date the site was created or last revised
(comma)
3.
4.
5.
6.
Name of sponsor or publisher, (comma)
Place of sponsor or publisher, (comma)
Date of viewing the site, (comma) year, (comma)
URL. (full stop)
Department of Finance and Administration 2001, Department of Finance
and Administration, Canberra, viewed 7 August, 2001,
http://www.finance.gov.au.