Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration
Name _________________________
Period _______
California State Standards covered by this chapter:
Cell Biology
1. The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in
specialized areas of the organism's cells. As a basis for understanding this concept:
f. Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis
of sugar from carbon dioxide.
6. Stability in an ecosystem is a balance between competing effects. As a basis for understanding this concept:
d. Students know how water, carbon, and nitrogen cycle between abiotic resources and organic matter in the
ecosystem and how oxygen cycles through photosynthesis and respiration.
Read the appropriate section in the textbook and lecture notes before answering the following questions. You
must put all answers and definitions into your own words for full credit.
9-1 Chemical Pathways
1. What is cellular respiration?
2. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?
3. Label the inner membrane, intermembrane space, matrix, and outer membrane of the
mitochondira.
4. What are the 3 main stages of cellular respiration?
a.
b.
c.
5. Where in the cell does glycolysis take place?
6. Where do the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain take place?
7. In which membrane of the mitochondria is the electron transport chain located?
8. What is glycolysis?
9. How many carbon atoms are in one molecule of glucose?
10. How does the cell get glycolysis going?
11. If the cell uses 2 ATP molecules at the beginning of glycolysis, how does it end up with a net gain
of 2 ATP molecules?
12. What is NAD+?
13. What is the function of NAD+ in glycolysis?
14. What are the products of glycolysis?
15. What is fermentation?
16. How does fermentation allow glycolysis to continue?
17. Because fermentation does not require oxygen, it is said to be ____________________________ .
18. What are the two main types of fermentation?
a.
b.
19. What organisms use alcoholic fermentation?
20. What is the chemical equation for alcoholic fermentation after glycolysis?
21. The products of alcoholic fermentation are _____________________________,
_____________________________, and _____________________________.
22. What happens to the small amount of alcohol in alcoholic fermentation during the baking of bread?
23. What does lactic acid fermentation convert into lactic acid?
24. What is the chemical equation for alcoholic fermentation after lactic acid fermentation after
glycolysis?
25. During rapid exercise, how do your muscle cells produce ATP?
9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
26. If oxygen is present, the pyruvic acid formed during glycolysis moves into the Krebs cycle. The
Krebs cycle converts pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide. As carbon dioxide is formed, high energy
electrons are accepted by NAD+ and FAD. This results in the formation of NADH and FADH2.
NADH and FADH2 are used later to produce ATP.
Follow the prompts to identify the important parts of the Krebs cycle.
• Color the carbon
atoms blue.
• Circle the electron
carriers in green.
• Circle the ATP in
orange.
27. Because the final stages of cellular respiration require oxygen, they are said to be ____________ .
28. What happens to the pyruvic acid during the Krebs cycle?
29. What are the products of the Krebs cycle?
30. Where in the mitochondrion does the electron transport chain take place?
31. What does the electron transport chain use the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle for?
32. Where does the electron transport chain get the high-energy electrons that are passed down the
chain?
33. Complete the flowchart about the electron transport chain.
34. How much ATP can be made from each of the following molecules?
a. NADH = _____ ATP
b. FADH2 = _____ ATP
35. Complete the table below to show how much of each product is made in each stage of cellular
respiration.
Stage
ATP
NADH
FADH2
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport
chain and
chemiosmosis
36. Why is more ATP made from glucose in the presence of oxygen?
Energy and Exercise
37. What are three sources of ATP a human body uses at the beginning of a race?
38. When a runner needs quick energy for a short race, what source can supply enough ATP for about
90 seconds?
39. What does a sprinter have an oxygen debt to repay after the race is over?
40. A runner needs more energy for a longer race. How does the body generate the necessary ATP?
41. Why are aerobic forms of exercise so beneficial for weight control?
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
42. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis can be thought of as opposite processes. Energy flows in
opposite directions in the two processes.
Complete the table using the words below. Some words may be used more than once and some
cells require more than one answer.
carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, energy release, energy capture, mitochondria, chloroplasts,
water
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Function
a)
b)
Location
c)
d)
Reactants
e)
f)
Products
g)
h)
43. On the lines provided, identify which phrase describes the processes of photosynthesis or cellular
respiration or both.
a. Reactants are CO2 and H2O
________________________
b. Occurs only in plants, algae, and some microorganisms ________________________
c. 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP and heat) ________________________
d. Uses oxygen to release energy from food
________________________
e. Uses an electron transport chain to make ATP
________________________