LEVEL ONE SCIENCE: CHEMISTRY
•Atoms
•Ions
•Rates of reactions
•Acids and bases
Atoms:
I can show understanding of the structure of an atom by:
Naming the three types of subatomic particles.
Identifying the charge (positive, negative or neutral) on each type of subatomic particle.
Describing where in an atom each subatomic particle can be found.
Drawing a simple diagram of an atom with protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in shells around the nucleus.
I can identify the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in
the atom of any of the first 20 elements from the atomic number
and the atomic mass found on the periodic table.
I can describe the number of electrons in each electron shell of
the first 20 atoms using the 2, 8, 8, 2 method.
I can show that I understand what the valence shell and the
valence electrons are by defining each term in words and
indicating each on a simple diagram of an atom.
I can discuss what type of electron configuration makes an atom
most stable and whether more or less stable atoms are more
reactive.
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I can define an isotope as an atom with the same number of
protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons and I
can explain what this means for the isotope in terms of mass and
charge.
Ions:
I can define the term ‘ion’ in terms of electrons gained or lost
from an atom.
I can discuss why atoms become ions by:
Explaining how the electron configuration changes when an atom becomes an ion.
Explaining why this can be favourable in terms of stability and full valence shells.
I can explain that atoms are neutral and ions are charged by
relating the charge on the atom or ion to the number of negative
electrons and the number of positive protons in the atom or ion.
I can explain what an ionic bond is and how these bonds can
allow ions to form networks.
I can show that I understand how ions react together by
working out ionic formulae from given ions using the swap and
drop method.
I can discuss why the swap and drop method works in terms of
equal charges and numbers of molecules.
I can show that I understand that charges and numbers of
molecules must be balanced in chemical reactions by correctly
balancing chemical equations.
Rates of Reactions:
I can define the term ‘rate of reaction’ in terms of particle
collisions per unit of time/frequency of particle collisions.
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I can describe the collision theory and what it means in terms of
rates of reaction.
I can name four factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions
(i.e. temperature, concentration, surface area and catalysts).
I can discuss why these four factors affect the rates of chemical
reactions by using the terms ‘collisions per second/collision rate’,
‘activation energy’, ‘kinetic energy’ and ‘alternative pathway’.
I can explain why reactions eventually slow down and stop by
referring to the collision theory.
I can devise methods to measure rates of reactions using
chemical equipment and timing methods, including observations
of mass, colour and volume of gas produced.
Acids and Bases:
I can define ‘acid’ in terms of hydrogen ions released in water.
I am familiar with hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
and nitric acid (HNO3).
I can identify types of bases (metal oxides, hydroxides,
carbonates and hydrogen carbonates).
I can explain the difference between a base and an alkali.
I can state the pH values that indicate an acid, an alkali and a
neutral solution.
I can use red and blue litmus paper to distinguish between an
acid and a base.
I can use universal indicator and my knowledge of the pH scale to
distinguish between an acid and a base.
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I can show that I understand the process of neutralisation
between acids and bases by:
Writing the general, word and balanced chemical
equations for examples of the following types of
neutralisation reactions:
Describing and explaining what would be observed during a neutralisation reaction if universal indicator was added.
Acid + metal oxide
Acid + hydroxide
Acid + carbonate
Acid + hydrogen carbonate
I can give general, word and balanced chemical equations for the
reactions of acids with metals.
I can describe how to test for hydrogen gas using the pop test.
I can describe how to test for carbon dioxide using the lime water
test.
I can give the word and chemical equation for the lime water test.
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