TAXONOMY
(how to classify ALL living things)
Created by
Carolus Linnaeus
8 levels
Domain
Scientific Names
Binomial
Nomenclature
Kingdom
Phylum
Genus
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Species
TAXONOMY:
•branch of science that names and classifies organisms according to
characteristics and evolutionary history
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Classification of organisms
4:24
HISTORY:
Aristotle- (384 BC – 322 BC)
-More than 2,000 years ago he started classifying living things
-His classification system was very simple
-He made 2 categories
1. AnimalsAnimals were broken down into 3 categories
Q: What do you think the 3 categories were?
A: land animals, water animals, air animals
2. PlantsPlants were broken down into 3 categories
Based on characteristics in their stems
•Carolus Linnaeus- (1707-1778)
-Improved the system started by Aristotle
-He realized that NOT all living things were plants or animals
-He came up with a system to group organisms based on their characteristics
-His system has 8different levels
Domain (largest)
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (most specific)
Durfee’s Address:
• Earth (very broad)
• N. America
• U.S.A
• Massachusetts
• Bristol County
• 02720
• Elsbree Street
• 360 Elsbree Street (very specific)
**YOU NEED TO KNOW THESE LEVELS IN ORDER!!**
HINT: Take the 1st letter of each level and come up with a sentence to help you learn them!
What’s your sentence?
____________________________________________________________________
MY sentence is: Did King Philip Come Over For Good Spaghetti?
SCIENTIFIC NAMES:
• Binomial Nomenclature-all living organisms have a 2 part name
-this 2 part name is their scientific name
-an organism’s scientific name is their Genus followed by their species
COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
LION
Panthera leo
GIRAFFE
Giraffa camelopardalis
RACCOON
Procyon lotor
RED MAPLE TREE
Acer rubrum
HUMAN
Homo sapien
•The proper way to write the scientific name:
Genus- capitalized
Species- lowercase
Scientific Names (continued)
•ALL scientific names are written in Latin
•Scientific names are used all over the world; it is always the same no matter what country
you’re in!
•Common names are different all over the world, so they are NOT used
Q: What are some terms that YOU use here in Fall River that may NOT be used in
other states?
A: bubbler, soda, coffee-milk, chourico
•This is why common names are NOT used! They are always different depending on
where you are!
CLADOGRAMS:
•Shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist between organisms
•Shows how & when different traits and/or organisms evolved
EXAMPLE 1:
EXAMPLE 2:
Q1: Which feature developed first?
lungs
or
fur
Q2: Which organisms do NOT have lungs?
___________________________
Q3: Which organisms have claws/nails?
_________________________________
Q4: Which organisms have fur?
_________________________________
Q5: Which organism does NOT have a jaw?
_________________________________
3 DOMAINS:
1. ARCHAEA•Consists of Archaebacteria
• 1cell organism
•Cell type: prokaryotes
•Lives in extreme conditions (like inside a volcano)
2. BACTERIA•Consists of Eubacteria
• 1cell organism
•Cell type: prokaryotes
•All bacteria except Archaeabacteria
3. EUKARYA•Consists of plants, animals, protists, & fungi
• 1cell organism OR multi-cell organism
•Cell type: eukaryotes
6 KINGDOMS:
KINGDOMS
TYPE OF
CELL
prokaryote
OR
eukaryote
# OF CELLS
unicellular
OR
multicellular
FEEDING
heterotroph
OR
autotroph
EXAMPLES
ARCHAEBACTERIA
prokaryote
unicellular
both
EUBACTERIA
prokaryote
unicellular
both
‘normal’ bacteria
PROTISTA
eukaryote
both
both
Amoeba, euglena
paramecium,
FUNGI
eukaryote
PLANTAE
eukaryote
ANIMALIA
eukaryote
‘crazy’ bacteria
heterotroph
Mushroom,
mildew, mold
multicellular
autotroph
Algae, moss, fern,
flower, tree, grass
multicellular
heterotroph
Cat, dog, frog,
panda, tiger, bird
both